scope of presentation - iipm.com.my 2c saifollah et al... · approximately 1 –100 nanometer...
TRANSCRIPT
IPICEX 2008
1
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
Nanotechnology in Agriculture
Saifollah Abdullah, Mohamad Rusop and Siti Halimah Sarijo
Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARAsaifollah@salam,uitm.edu.my
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
Scope of PresentationIntroductionNanotechnology concept in AgricultureNanotechnology in AgrofoodResearch resultsArticlesConclusion
IPICEX 2008
2
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
IntroductionDefinition
Nanotechnology is the Science and Technology of small things – in particular things that are less than 100 nm in sizeFor comparison, nanometer is about 80,000 times smaller than a human hairResearch and Technology development at the atomic, molecular or macromolecular levels, in the length scale of approximately 1 – 100 nanometer range, (1 nm is 80,000th thickness of human hair)
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008 4
Aspirasi global…sebuah universiti bertaraf dunia menjelang 2020
Scale of Nanometer
M.R.Taylor, 2006
IPICEX 2008
3
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
ApplicationsNanotechnology has the potential with wide‐ranging applications, such as in MedicinePharmaceutical ElectronicsHome AppliancesEnergy SourceAgriculture, Food and others
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
Market Demand The figure shows market demand of nanotechnology
D. Partners, 2007
IPICEX 2008
4
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
Market Demand on Nanotechnologyby year 2015
Prediction of nanotechnology demand according to D.Partners (2007)Nanoelectronics : US$ 4.219 BillionNanofood, Agriculture and Related product : US$ 20.40 BillionTextiles: US$ 115 Billion.Nanotech tools & Equipments : US$ 2.7 BillionMedical and Pharmaceutical : RM 27.6 BillionOthers
Total demand on Nanotechnology Products: US1.2 Trillion
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
Nanotechnology Concept in Agriculture
Fertilized with Current Technology Fertilized with
Nanotechnology
ManagementFinancialMarketYield
FertilizerPesticide
SoilWater
Management ?Financial ?Market ?
Higher YieldSlow Release FertilizerHigh Efficient Pesticide
SoilWater
IPICEX 2008
5
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008 9
Nanotechnology, as a new enabling technology, has the potential to revolutionize agriculture and food systems.
Agricultural and food systems securityDisease treatment delivery systemsNew tools for molecular and cellular biology Production, processing, and shipment of food products can be made more secure through the development and implementation of nanosensors for pathogen and contaminant detection.Agriculture has long dealt with improving the efficiency of crop, plant, fruits production.Chocolate milkshake that supposedly tastes better and is more nutritious than conventional shakes and chickenfeed additives that can remove dangerous germs from poultry.
Kuzma and VerHage : Nanotechnology in Agriculture & Food Production
Why Agrifood Nanotechnology?
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
Nanotechnology in AgricultureBasic Research on Energy Production : Nanodetection: Single
molecule detection to determine enzyme/substrate interactions (e.g. cellulases in production of ethanol)
Agrochemical Delivery : Nanoparticles, nano-capsules: Delivery of fertilizer, pesticides, and other agrichemicals more efficiently (e.g. only when needed or for better absorption)
Plant Production : Nanoparticles : Delivery of DNA to plants towards certain tissues (i.e. targeted genetic engineering)
Animal or Plant Health : Nanosensors : Detect animal pathogens, such as foot and mouth disease virus. Detect plant pathogens early.
Animal Medicine : Nanoparticles, nanodevices : Deliver animal vaccines.
IPICEX 2008
6
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008UiTM Trengganu/March
2008Saifollah/FSG/Shah Alam/ 2008
• Slow-release fertilizers are excellent alternatives to soluble fertilizers.
• nutrients are released at a slower rate throughout the season, plants are able to take up most of the nutrients without wasteby leaching.
• A slow-release fertilizer is more convenient, since less frequent application is required.
• Slow-release fertilizers may be more expensive than soluble types, but their benefits outweigh their disadvantages.
Slow Release Fertilizer (Nano-encapsulation)
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008UiTM Trengganu/March
2008Saifollah/FSG/Shah Alam/ 2008
Zeolites are a group of naturally occurring minerals having a honeycomb-like layered crystal structure. Its network of interconnected tunnels and cages can be loaded with nitrogen and potassium, combined with other slowly dissolving ingredients containing phosphorous, calcium, and a complete suite of minor and trace nutrients. The zeolite acts as a reservoir for the nutrients which are slowly released "on demand." Indeed, the plant itself does the regulating of the nutrients as it needs them. With only the addition of water, plants will grow in the zeoponic medium for multiple growth cycles.
Slow Release Fertilizer (Nano-encapsulation)…Cont.
IPICEX 2008
7
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
Pre‐Harvest Bacteria Protection
Adhesin-specific Nanoparticles for removal of Camplyobacter from poultry (Latour et al. Clemson University)
Nanoparticlesbind and blockthis interaction
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
Agrofood Products (down stream)Food product based companies and institutes worldwide are currently developing applications of nano‐food to achieve changed taste or texture and also modified nutritional value. Nano‐ingredient such as nano‐calcium in milk will absorbed more deeper, faster and effective by bone pores which will improve bone texture .The principle of nano‐calsium similar to the cosmetics mechanism which is calsium in nanosize will easily panetrate to the bone pores.
IPICEX 2008
8
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
(cont…)Other food products used
nanotechnology is more efficient in term of absorption to the appropriate target
The chocolate or any taste of ingredient become more tasty because of all the active component will easily release from the molecules
In herb product such as Tongkat Ali, Kacip Fatimah, Misai Kuching, Ginseng, Spirulina, for the supplimentary food, the efficacy will increase while in nano-size ( nano-powder) due to easy to release the active ingredient compared to the normal size.
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
Research Results1. Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes from palm oil/oil palm waste
2. Pollution (fertilizer/pesticide) detector3. Nano‐encapsulation pesticide
IPICEX 2008
9
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008 17Saifollah/FSG/Shah Alam/ 2008
Nanostructured Porous Silicon: Template for Align Carbon Nanotubes
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Saifollah Abdullah*,#, Assoc. Prof. Dr Mohamad Rusop Mahmood #,@, Hartinie Ahmad Rafaie, Suhaidah Amizam and Heriadi
* Institute of Science# Faculty of Applied Sciences
@ Faculty of Electrical EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MARA , 40450 Shah Alam,Selangor, MALAYSIA
*email: [email protected] Silicon (NPSi) is one of the most potential nanostructured materials after Canham, 1990 observed visible luminescence under ultraviolet light excitation. NPSi is wide used in many applications such as nano-optoelectronic devices, bio-sensors, chemical-sensor, optical sensor. In this work NPSi used as nano -template to prepare aligns Carbon Nanotubes ( a-CNTs).
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) is versatile nano-materials which can be produced either in powder form, random or align structure. The align CNTs is most expensive structure compared to the others form. The align CNTs is suitable for electronics, sensors, nano-probe and other high accuracy devices application.
Sample PreparationNanostructured Porous Silicon was prepared using electrochemical technique with silicon wafer as a substrate and ethanoic acid electrolyte which consists of HF:Ethanol. The NPSi prepared under photon assisted with 20 mAcm-1 current density. Fig 2 shows a photograph of experimental set-up for NPSi preparation. NPSi was used to produce Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) using Two-Zone Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition (2Z-Thermal-CVD) as shown in Fig. 3. The optimum preparation parameter of NPSi and CNTs was used to produce aligns Carbon Nanotubes (a-CNTs).
Potential for CommercializationAcknowledgementI would like to express my gratitude to Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) for various support of this work and MOSTI for ScienceFund research grant
Center for
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Novelty of Align CNTs
Aligns CNTs very high potential to be commercialized so that Nanostrucured Porous Silicon will become very important nanomaterials as template.
Fig. 2 Photograph of experimental set-up to produce NPSi
Purpose of Research: Introducing Nanostructured Porous Silicon as alternative Nano- template to produce Align Carbon Nanotubes.
Random Structure of CNTs
Fig. 3 Photograph of experimental set-up to produce aligns
CNTs
• Low cost to produce NPSi as nano- template compared to commercial nano-pattern template such as which produce by Focus Ion Beam (FIB)
• Versatile and easy to prepare compare to other methods which involve the patterning process.
Thermal-CVD Method
Thermal-CVD Method
Applications of align CNTs : Light Emitting Diode, Active waveguide, nano-probe, Sensors and optoelectronic devices.
Align CNTs
Nano-pattern template
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008 18
CNTs Prepared from Palm Oil
• Most versatile nanomaterials
• Potential for nano-carrier
Thermal-CVD Set-up
IPICEX 2008
10
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
CNTs TEM Micrograph
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
Nano‐SensorAnother development being looked at is a network of nanosensors and dispensersthroughout a food crop.
The sensors recognize when a plant needs nutrients or water, before you could see any sign that the plant is deficient.
The dispensers then release fertilizer, nutrients, or water as needed, optimizing the growth of each plant in the field one by one.
IPICEX 2008
11
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008 21
Pollution Detector
Pesticide Solution/Samples
On Nanomaterials
Optical or Electrical Analyzer
Optical Detection MechanismNanostructured Materials
NPSiOM Sensor
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
Pesticide Nano‐EncapsulationResearchers are working on pesticides encapsulated in nanoparticles; these only release pesticide in an insect’s stomach, which minimizes the contamination of plants themselves.
IPICEX 2008
12
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
Intercalation of Guest Anion (4-CPA) into LDH to form Zn/Al-4-CPA Nanocomposite
LDHZn/Al-4-CPA
nanocompositeWill be out from
OH- H2OM2+/M3+
(Zn2+/Al3+)Host anion (NO3
-)
guest anion(4-CPA)
NO3- is replaced by
4-CPA
8.9Å19.5Å
guest anion (4CPA)
(Zn/Al-LDH)
Nano-Encapsulation Pesticide
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
• The intercalation of the chlorophenoxyacetate (herbicide) is due to the higher affinity of the chlorophenoxyacetate ion to the LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase Cytotoxicity) double layer. In this case the chlorophenoxyacetate has higher affinity towards LDH compared to the counter anion (nitrate).
• Due to the intercalation of the bigger size of the herbicide anion, basal spacing expand from 8.9 Å to 19.5 Å in the nanocomposite.
• The new generation of the herbicide will have- Safer application of herbicide as the herbicide is embedded into the LDH &- Controlled release of the herbicide into the environment.
IPICEX 2008
13
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
CONTROL RELEASE PROFILE of 4CPA
Release of the herbicide is due to the anion exchange process between the anion present in the release media and the herbicide.
The release of the herbicide is also dependent on the kind of anion and the pH of the aqueous release media.
In this case: pH3>pH12>pH6.25
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
Quantum Dots Nano‐particles
Photograph of a) commercial silicon powder b) SQDNs prepared in our laboratory
550 600 650 700 7504000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
Inte
nsity
(a.u
)
Wavelength (nm)
PL spectrum of SQDNs under UV Excitation (380 nm)
SEM Micrograph
IPICEX 2008
14
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
Articles
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008 28
Articles (6)
Saifollah/IoS/2007/Phy633
IPICEX 2008
15
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008 29
ARTICLES
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008UiTM Trengganu/March
2008Saifollah/FSG/Shah Alam/ 200830
IPICEX 2008
16
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008 Saifollah Abdullah/FSG/ 2008
Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008
Conclusion
Nanotechnology concept already accepted by community
Nanotechnology product already in market and the demand increase very fast
Many issues already highlighted such as safety, side effect, environment , regulatory even policy
Scientist and Technologist believe the nanotechnology product will pick-up very fast and will be sustain for long time.