SCOPE OF ORGANIC FOOD IN U.S. MARKET

SUBMITTED TO: MR. KAPIL GARG SUBMITTED BY: BERNARD EMMANUEL ( KUBER IMPEX LTD.) NEHA GADKARI

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Contents

Page No.

INTRODUCTION

Organic Food 3

Market Opportunities for Developing Countries in U.S. Market 4

What India should do to enter US MARKET? 5

U.S. MAKRETS

Definition of Organic Food in US Markets 6

Market Characteristics of the U.S. Organic Sector 6

Import Requirements 8

Trends in Organic Food Sales 11

Emerging Issues in the U.S. Organic Sector 12

INDIAN MARKETS

Rationale for Organic Farming in India 13

Significance of Organic Farming to Indian Farmers 14

Indian Organic Products 14

Products Comparative Advantage 15

Organic Food Exports from India 16

Obstacles and Possible Solutions 18

SWOT Analysis 20

Strategies to be adopted for increasing Organic Production 21

Certification Agencies 24

CONCLUSION 25

References

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INTRODUCTION:

The global demand for organic food is growing at a very rapid rate. Ever since

the environmentalists raised their concern regarding harmful effect of increasing use of

chemicals in farming, the consumers are getting conscious and selective about edible

foods. The increasing awareness has caused shifts in consumers’ tastes and

preferences which have led to the domestic as well as global rise in demand for organic

foods. The organic food industry is estimated to grow by 20% from US $ 35 billion with

growth concentrated mainly in U.S.A, U.K. and Japan. The share of India in organic

trade in the world market is less than a percent due to various challenges like

standardization of foods according to consumers’ tastes and preferences, certification,

consumer education, branding and promotion. There are large growing opportunities in

this sector. The major export destinations for organic food products are Australia,

Canada, USA, China, Japan, South Africa, European Union etc. This study is mainly

based on exploring the scope of organic foods in US markets.

ORGANIC FOOD :

Organic Foods are grown under a system of agriculture without the use of

chemical fertilizers and pesticides with an environmentally and socially responsible

approach. Under Organic Food, the use of conventional non-organic pesticides,

insecticides and herbicides is greatly restricted and saved as a last resort. In case of

livestock, they must be reared without the routine use of antibiotics. Since the early

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1990’s the growth rate of organic food foods is 20% ahead of the rest of the food

industry in the whole world.

MARKET OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN US MARKET

With retail sales of organic food amounting to about $8 billion in 2000 (expected to

reach about $9.5 billion in 2001), the United States is the world’s largest market for this

product group. One of the main reasons behind these very positive growth expectations

is a strong and increasing consumer awareness of health and environmental issues,

including a growing resistance amongst consumers towards food products made with

genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and genetically modified farming. Another

important factor behind this is the aggressive and targeted marketing and promotion

schemes by the retail sector. Consequently the country’s major food producers are

moving in organic production.

The standards introduced on organic production and handling have a great

impact on the development of the organic industry as there is increased focus on

organic products.

In the United States markets following product categories are expected to be

most important:

Products, mostly tropical, that are not produced in the United States or in very

small quantities. Examples include coffee, tea, various spices and herbs, dried

fruits and nuts.

Off season products, such as fresh fruits and vegetables that are not produced in

the United States.

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In season products, for which there is a temporary or more permanent shortage

because of increasing demand.

Novelty or specialty products, like high quality organic wines, retail packed food

products.

Import demand in the near future is likely to be more for fruits and vegetables in

comparison to other organic products

WHAT INDIA SHOULD DO TO ENTER THE UNITED STATES MARKET

A considerable amount of work is necessary to build up an organic export trade

both on production and marketing side. At country level a good agricultural supply base

should be built supported by appropriate standards and certifications, it is equally

important to offer a wide variety of high quality organic food products that fulfill the

market demand.

The producer should make sure that the organic certification is recognized and

accepted within the U.S. National Organic Program (NOP) and that export products

meet all legal and market requirements of the United States.

A careful selection of market segments and distribution channel is very important

for an exporter along with a strong and reliable relationship with an importer or

distributor for building up a profitable business.

Exporters must keep themselves aware of market developments through

information sharing, following trade journals and the Internet, etc.

India should look at the United States not only as a potential future market for

organic products but also consider it as a possible partner in various forms of co-

operation within farming, processing, certification and marketing of organic products.

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U.S. MARKET

Definition of organic in the U.S. Market

The new National Organic Program (NOP) of the USDA determines four product

categories:

100 percent organic: products containing only organically produced ingredients.

Organic: products containing 95 percent organically produced ingredients by

weight.

Made with organic ingredients: a product containing more than 70 percent

organic ingredients.

Processed products containing less than 70 percent organically produced

ingredients: cannot use the term organic in the principal display panel.

As of 21st October 2002 the USDA ORGANIC seal can be used on the first two

product categories provided that the requirements of NOP are fulfilled.

MARKET CHARACTERSTICS OF THE U.S. ORGANIC SECTOR

The U.S. Organic Food industry crossed a threshold in 2000: for the first time,

more organic food was purchased in conventional supermarkets than in any

other venue and continues.

Organic products are now available in nearly 20,000 natural food stores and are

sold in 73 percent of all conventional grocery stores.

Acreage of certified organic farmland has increased to meet growing consumer

demand.

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According to USDA estimates, U.S. certified organic cropland was 4.8 million

acres in 2008. From the consumer side new products were introduced rapidly.

For example, over 800 organic products were introduced within which desserts

made up the majority.

Organic food is sold to the consumers through three main outlets in the United

States – natural foods stores, conventional grocery stores, and direct-to-

consumer markets. Fresh produce is the top selling organic category followed by

non-dairy beverages, breads and grains, packaged foods, and dairy products.

Organic producers market their food directly to consumers much more frequently

than conventional farmers do. Producers capture a much higher share of the

consumer food dollar when they market their produce directly to the consumers.

Community supported agriculture (CSA) is an innovative direct marketing

arrangement that organic farmers have pioneered in the United States for about

a decade. Over 800 CSAs are currently listed in the US database maintained by

USDA.

IMPORT REQUIREMENTS

Although the United States is a very important producer of organic producer and

also produces quite a broad range of organic food and beverages, the country is far

from self-sufficient in this area and needs to import significant quantities from all over

the world to meet the requirements of a rapidly growing market.

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With certain exemptions, import demand in the foreseeable future is likely to be

mainly for fresh produce and bulk-packed organic raw material or ingredients for further

processing and packaging or re-packing, although other organic products may also find

a market.

The specific product groups discussed below include those most likely to be of

interest to India:

Fresh fruits and vegetables: This product group is the most important in terms of

retail sales of organic foods and is also amongst the biggest import products. It

includes tropical fruit and vegetables all year round, e.g. banana, pineapple,

papaya and mango etc.

Top vegetable prospects: beans, broccoli, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower,

cucumbers, garlic, mustard, onions, peas, peppers, potatoes, radishes,

tomatoes.

Top fruit and berry prospects: apples, bananas, grapes, mangoes, melons,

peaches, pears, pineapples, strawberries.

Dried fruits and nuts, edible seeds and kernels: Although there is a considerable

domestic production of these products, there is also a significant import demand,

in particular products that are not grown in the United States, but also for other

items may be in short supply. This category consists of:

Dried fruits: apples, dates, raisins and tropical fruit, like banana, mango, papaya

and pineapple.

Nuts: cashew nuts, chestnuts, peanuts, pistachio nuts, walnuts.

Edible seeds: sesame, sunflower, pumpkin.

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Processed fruits and vegetables: This product group consists of a broad range of

various fruits and vegetables, processed in different forms, including:

o Dehydrated fruit and vegetables, including freeze-dried items.

o Fruit and vegetable juices, concentrates and pulp/puree.

o Canned fruit and vegetables.

o Frozen fruit and vegetables.

Most of these products are used as ingredients or raw materials by various

manufacturers in the U.S. particularly in the case of manufacturing juices, concentrates

and pulp.

There is some import demand for certain canned organic fruits and vegetables

(like hearts of palm), while frozen fruits and vegetables are imported in bulk quantities

and reprocessed and repacked by US manufacturers.

Herbs, spices and essential oils: A full range of organic herbs and spices and

also several essential oils are also imported in US. Imports include, for example,

basil, rosemary, coriander, cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, black pepper, chilies,

nutmeg etc. Though spices are imported but the major requirement is in the

essential oils section.

Coffee, tea and cocoa: The sale of organic coffee, tea and cocoa are on a move

ahead in the food stores. According to sources more than 93 million pounds of

coffee was imported in the United States in 2009. Most of the organic coffee is

imported from Latin America, particularly Mexico, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Peru etc.

Other suppliers include Indonesia, East Timor and Uganda. The importers are

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interested in tapping other sources as well. In the same way organic tea and

herbal tea market is also growing in the US.

Grains and flours: Though the United States is a large producer of organic

grains, e.g. wheat, rice, millet etc. it is also an important of rice and of non-

tradition cereals.

Dried legumes (pulses): The United States is a major producer of legumes

including beans, but it imports significant quantities of various pulses, including

lentils, garbanzo beans, black beans, pintos and chickpeas.

Oil crops, vegetable oils and fats: India produces various organic oil crops like

Coconut, Sesame Seed, and Sunflower Seed. Special mention should be made

of soybean, which is an important oil crop used for the production of food items

that replace meat and dairy products which is produced in large quantities in

India. A large volume of vegetable oils and fats are produced in India. India

should take an initiative in this field as United States is an importer of many of the

oil crops.

TRENDS IN ORGANIC FOOD SALES

While a small percentage of all food sales, organic sales are growing faster than

the rate of growth for conventional food products. The 15.8 percent increase in organic

food sales since 2007 propelled the organic share of total food sales to nearly 3.5

percent in 2008. The level of penetration has doubled in the past five years.

Organic food

sales ($ millions)

Change from

prior year

Total food

sales ($

Organic

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millions) Penetration*

2004 11,902 14.6% 544,141 2.19%

2005 13,831 16.2% 566,791 2.48%

2006 16,718 20.9% 598,136 2.80%

2007 19,807 18.5% 628,219 3.15%

2008 22,929 15.8% 659,012 3.47%

(* Source OTA’s Manufacturer Industry Survey 2006-2009)

The fruit and vegetable category accounts for the largest portion of the organic

food sales. This one category represented 37 percent of the total organic food sales in

2008. The second largest categories were beverages and dairy products representing

14 percent contribution each. The strongest growth was seen in the categories of

breads and grains (35 percent over 2007) and beverages (32 percent).

The sales for non-food organic products are growing at a faster rate than sales of

organic food. The non-food organic sales reached to 1.6 billion in 2008. New products

categories and new products are introduced in the U.S. market. The sale of non-food

products increased from $ 1,182 million to $ 1,648 million at a growth rate of 39.4 %.

EMERGING ISSUES IN THE US ORGANIC SECTOR

Since the late 1990’s, U.S. Organic Production has more than doubled but the

consumer demand has grown at a faster pace. This change in the consumer demand

has brought a massive change in the market and supply chain. Since the demand is

raising so is the competition. Conventional supermarkets are introducing private label

store brand lines of organic food which is forcing the organic food suppliers to import Page | 11

huge quantities of organic food from developing nations which meet the USDA

standards.

The certified U.S. acreage has also increased and the organic production has

spread to every state and every product category. Even though the acreage has

increased but the adoption level of organic farming is still low as conventional farmers

associate varieties of financial and other risks with organic production.

Limited organic supply has become a bigger issue over the last decade. By the

late 1990s organic handlers faced problems in procuring large quantities of organic

produce from farmers to distribute it to the retailers. More recently, the long term

suppliers have reported the lack of reliable supplies of organic raw material as a major

constraint for the growth of organic business.

Keeping in view all the above mentioned issues the U.S. National Organic

Program (NOP) streamlined with the certification for international as well as domestic

production. This gave a path to various exporters to export various organic produce to

USA provided they met the NOP standards. Imports increased as growth in the organic

demand exceeded the domestic supply. Another reason for the increase in imports was

the cost of production of organic food. Organic farming is often labor intensive and

developing countries with lower labor costs may have a comparative advantage for

some organic products.

INDIAN MARKETS

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Rationale for Organic Farming in India:

In India, environmental concerns have led many NGOs and governments to

promote organic farming. High cost modern farming and its un-sustainability due to

overcapitalization and rising input costs has made organic farming a necessity in many

agriculturally grown regions. Organic farming is not only financially less draining for the

small farmer and good for environment, it also helps the government to reduce its

subsidy bill meant for modern inputs. The logic for organic farming also comes from the

more recent environmental related non-tariff barriers like pesticide residues and fruit fly

problem in fruit and vegetable exports from India. India had been delisted from the list of

approved countries in the EU for import of egg powders, two years ago, for non-

submission of Residue Monitoring Plan (RMP).

Growing market is another important stimulant for organic products in India. The

consumers are willing to pay premium prices for organic products up to 10 percent in

countries like the USA. Only 20 percent of the consumers in India are aware of organic

produce and only 10 percent buy it. The traditional strength of Indian farmers in organic

production makes it much easier.

The Indian Government has recognized the export potential of organic agriculture

and is in the process of strengthening the sector by putting a legal framework in place

by creating national organic standard and certification bodies.

SIGNIFICANCE OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE TO INDIAN FARMERS

In the Indian context, organic farming can be significant in two distinct ways:

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To increase the efficiency and sustainability of production: Organic farming can

help to reduce production cost and to increase or stabilize yields on marginal

soils.

To increase product value: In areas where farmers have access to established

organic markets within the country or abroad, products can achieve a higher

price compared to the conventional market.

INDIAN ORGANIC PRODUCTS

Major organic produces from India include plantation Crops; Spices; Cereals;

Pulses; Oilseeds; Fruits and Vegetables, besides honey, cotton and sugarcane. Organic

production of meat items like poultry, livestock and fisheries is yet to figure in India.

Major Organic Farming products

TYPE PRODUCTS

Commodity Tea, Coffee, Rice, Wheat

Spices Cardamom, Black pepper, White pepper, Ginger, Turmeric,

Vanilla, Mustard, Tamarind, Clove, Cinnamon, Nutmeg, Chilies,

Vanilla extracts

Pulses Red gram, Black gram, Chickpea, Green gram

Fruits Mango, Banana, Pineapple, Orange, Cashew nut, Walnut,

Custard apple and Papaya

Vegetables Garlic, Onion, Tomato, Onion, Potato

Oil Seeds Sesame, Castor, Sunflower, Groundnut, Mustard

Others Herbal Extracts, Honey, SugarcanePage | 14

PRODUCTS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE

A new trend is developing in India to produce some of the crops organically not

only on account of the love for protection of nature but also because of the need for

having safe products for consumption. Some of the agricultural products that enjoy a

comparative advantage for domestic as well as international market can be grown

organically in major producing zone. They are given below:

Products that have a comparative advantage in Organic Market

Products Seasons States

Tea Throughout the year Assam, Kerala, West Bengal, TN

Spices Throughout the year Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka

Coffee Throughout the year Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka

Rice Rabi Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala

Wheat Rabi Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh,

Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu

Vegetables Throughout the year All India

Fruits Throughout the year All India

Cotton Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh

ORGANIC FOOD EXPORTS FROM INDIA

Organic food exports from India are increasing with more farmers shifting to

organic farming. With domestic consumption being low, the prime market for Indian Page | 15

organic food lies in the US and Europe. India is now becoming a leading supplier of

organic herbs, spices, organic basmati rice etc. In 2005 exports amounted to 53 percent

of the organic food produced in India. In 2003 only 6-7 percent of organic produce was

exported.

Exports are driving organic food production in India. The increasing demand for

organic food products in the developed countries and the extensive support by the

Indian government coupled with its focus on agriculture exports are driving the Indian

Organic Food Industry ahead.

The Indian government is committed towards encouraging organic food

production. It allocated USD 22.2 million during the Tenth Five Year Plan for promoting

sustainable agriculture in India.

Organic products exported from India include rice, wheat, tea, spices, coffee,

pulses, fruits and vegetables, cashew nuts, and medicinal herbs.

A breakdown of the export sales of organic products to is given below in the form

of a pie chart:

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The highest share of commodity exported is Basmati Rice having 26 percent

share, followed by Tea, Dry Fruits and Nuts having 16 percent, Cotton 10 percent,

Honey 9 percent, Fruits 8 percent, Spices 4 percent, Oil Crops 3 percent, Medicinal and

herbal plants 2 percent, Vegetables and Coffee 1 percent, Others 4 percent.

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Through the trend line we can see that the Organic Industry is on a progressive

path. The exports in the year 2009 reached $ 125 million from $ 87 million MT in the

year 2008. The organic industry has never shown a declining trend in exports with great

increase in the last two years.

OBSTACLES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR SELLING INDIAN ORGANIC

PRODUCTS:

The obstacles and possible solutions for the low import of Indian organic

products can be studied through the following table:

Aspect Obstacle Possible Solution

Price “Price expectations are too The export traders from India should

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high in relation to quality.” have realistic prices.

Quality Low consistency of quality

contamination

The quality must be consistent. For this

reason, higher quality standards must

be enforced to develop and maintain

good reputation

Availability Reliability of exporters More promotion from Indian traders and

governmental institutions. Better

understanding of the demands of buyers

Logistics Slow shipment, restrictions

for importing Indian organic

products”

The logistics must be better coordinated

from the place of dispatch for shipment.

Duty ports must reduce the time taken

to complete the customs process.

Export

Authorities

Time consuming and

complicated paper work

Develop a fast track for export.

Information Lack of information on

availability and certification

More promotion activities on the part of

traders, farmers and governmental

institutions.

Administration Inconvenient modes of

payment; the governmental

bank’s system is too slow

Indian traders must show more flexibility

in modes of payment. The bank’s

systems must reach higher standards.

Customer

Service

Poor customer service from

the Indian traders after

sales

Increase service quality; in particular

client follow-up systems must be

implemented. Traders must accomplish Page | 19

what they promise.

SWOT ANALYSIS FOR ORGANIC FOOD EXPORTS

Strengths:

Wide variety of fruits and vegetables and other commodities can be grown

organically.

Very less consumption of chemicals in India as compared to developed nations.

These areas can be turned into organic.

Organic pockets existing in different parts of the country.

Farmers as well as Government interests are rising in organic.

Various niches in fruits and vegetables can be created.

Indian corporate investing in agribusiness especially in organic farming.

Weaknesses

Short shelf life varieties.

Lack of farmer awareness about agricultural practices, products and technologies

for organic farming.

Quality not competitive in the domestic and international market.

Price competitiveness

Lack of market information and intelligence.

Global marketing research lacking.

R & D base in organic food production lacking.

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Opportunities

Favorable government vision.

WTO offering global opportunities.

Price- premiums in different markets.

Export opportunities in new product/market (section).

Rising demand for organic products in major markets like USA, Europe and

Japan.

Natural food stores opening up.

New products and technologies ushering in.

Private sector keen to join organic chain value.

Threats

Competition from domestic industry.

Threat from imported products.

Non-tariff barriers may be imposed by developed nations.

STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE ORGANIC FARMING FROM INDIA

The following steps should be taken to improve organic farming in India which

would enhance our organic exports.

Strategies to be adopted by Small Farmers:

o Small farmers should form an organization that produces and market their

own products for the domestic and export markets.Page | 21

o Training programs for farmers and NGOs not only in organic agriculture

methods, but also in how to sell, promote and diversify their markets and

how to fulfill certification requirements.

o Farmers should have access to financial support for organic production,

administration, group certification and marketing programs for their

products.

o To promote organic products in national and export markets where

farmers can participate.

Strategies to be adopted by Traders

o Training programs should be arranged for traders in order to promote and

sell organic products in the domestic and export markets.

o Offer continuous organic market information and direct contact to potential

buyers.

Strategies to be adopted by Government

o Improve organic national rules and regulations.

o Achieve recognition on the international level.

o Promotion of organic farming through training programs, financial help and

subsidies to small farmers.

o Improve image of Indian organic products and trade.

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o Facilitate the implementation of a producer, traders, processors national

database.

o Support domestic marketing initiatives.

o Provide subsidies on organic products and provide market information.

o Form an organization for managing the organic exports.

o The cost of certification should be brought down by the Government to

promote small farmers.

o Remove subsidies on chemical fertilizers and pesticides that impede the

growth of organic farming.

The Government of India estimating the growth in this sector took the following

steps:

Increasing Investments: As a part of the 10th Five year plan the Government of

India had earmarked Rs. 100 cr. for the promotion of organic agriculture in the

country. The main initiatives include farming of standards, negotiating with

different countries.

Promoting input market: Central Government is also promoting the production

and use of bio-fertilizer to make it popular. Government has initiated a project

“National Project on Development and Use of Bio-fertilizers” for this purpose.

Main objectives of the project are as follows:

o Production and distribution of Bio Fertilizers.

o Developing standards for Quality Control.

o Training and Publicity.

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Promoting Green Agriculture Market: APEDA is the nodal agency to promote the

Indian organic agriculture and its export opportunities. The National Organic

Standards have evolved. In developing these standards due attention is paid to

guidelines as enumerated by international organizations.

Other Efforts: Some of the other efforts to promote organic exports include

attempts to collaborate with all the major importing countries. Towards this

APEDA is deliberating with the European Union for inclusion of India in the list of

the third countries, so that India’s National program gets recognized under the

European Union regulations.

CERTIFICATIONS

Organic certification is a certification process for producers of organic food and

other organic agricultural products. Requirements vary from country to country, and

generally involve a set of production standards for growing, storage, processing, and

packaging. Organic certification is necessary to prove that the produce is organic in

nature. There are no tests to distinguish between organic and non-organic food and

hence a certification remains the only way of proving that your produce is organic. In

India, APEDA regulates the certification of organic products as per National Standards

for Organic Production. “The NPOP standards for production and accreditation system

have been recognized by European Commission and Switzerland to their country

standards. Similarly, USDA has recognized NPOP conformity assessment procedures

of accreditation as equivalent to that of US. With these recognitions, Indian organic

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products duly certified by the accredited certification bodies of India are accepted by the

importing countries. The various certification agencies in India are:

Natural Organic Certification Association

Ecocert SA

Control Union Certifications

IMO Control Private Limited

Indian Organic Certification Agency

Lacon Quality Certification Pvt. Ltd.

OneCert Asia Agriculture Certification Private Limited

International Organization for Standardization

CONCLUSION

Indian organic food market is on growth the demand for organic food in India is

on a move ahead it has been estimated that the domestic consumption of organic food

product will be low as compared to the production. According to Asit Tripathy,

chairman of APEDA “Through various bilateral agreements, India’s organic exports can

be enhanced to $ 1 billion in the next five years.”

USA and Europe are the major markets for organic producers. The US industry

for organic food is on a rapid growth. Growing consumer demand has taken organic

products from their traditional place in natural stores to more mainstream venues such

as Wal-Mart and Costco. The United States continues to import a major portion of its

organic food from Europe, Asia, Canada, and Latin America to meet growing consumer

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demand. USDA sources estimate that the ratio of organic imports to exports is

approximately 10 to 1.

The Indian organic exports have shown a drastic change in the last 5 years. The

2009 exports realized over $ 125 million for the organic industry showing an increase of

50.31 percent over the last year. Out of this export only 20 percent is exported to US,

the exporters should find potential buyers for their organic produce in the US as there is

a mismatch in their demand and supply position. The US National Organic Program

(NOP) certifications have opened a door for many exporters to export their produce to

US provided they meet the required standards.

Indian organic producers in order to increase their exports should get themselves

certified from various certifying agencies as certificates play a vital role in the exports.

The Govt. of India under the 11th Five year plan has targeted the development of five

million hectares of cultivable land into certified organic production by promoting a

scheme to compensate farmers for the lower yield of such crops. The Govt. also

organizes various trade fairs in order to promote the exports of organic products. The

common people along with the government should promote organic production by

creating awareness among the people as it would help the nation prosper and the

environment will also be safe.

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REFERENCES

U.S. Market organic food

A survey by World Trade Organization

Recent growth in U.S. Market for organic food

A research by USDA and ERS

Organic overview U.S. 2009

Trade related data by Organic Trade Association

Market opportunities & challenges for organic products in India

A research paper by Research Institute of Organic Agriculture

Marketing of Indian Organic products

A research paper by Sukhpal Singh

http://www.intracen.org/mds

www.indianjournals.com

http://www.apeda.com/organic/

http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/nop

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_food

http://www.organicfacts.net/organic-food/organic-food-trends/organic-food-

exports-from-india.html

http://www.slideshare.net/ds_iimk/em-term-paper-organic-farming

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