scope and sequence - firefly onlineonline.fireflyeducation.com.au/content/soundwaves/... · d k s...
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d ks dive dd, d, d
quack quac k
worms
frog
beak
sw im fish grasshopper
bug
Pretty pinkp, p, p
j ig
cornwheat
mud
app le
tiful
d ks divevv dd, d, d
quauu ck quac k
wwoorrmmss
sw im fish gr
bug
Pretee ttt y pinkp, p, p
j ig
cornwheat
mud
app le
tifuff lPO BOX 634, Buderim Qld 4556 Ph: (07) 5445 5749 Fax: (07) 5445 5171 E: soundwaves@fi refl yeducation.com.au www.soundwavesspelling.com.au
Scope and SequenceYears 1–6
© Firefl y Education 2011 2Phoneme and Grapheme StudyPhoneme Study Students are exposed to all 43 phonemes and constantly work with them through chants and actions, games,
activities and discussions throughout the program. (43 phonemes)
Grapheme Study The following graphemes (spelling choices) are formally introduced as shown in the chart below.
Phoneme & Grapheme Study Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Graphemes b bb b bb b bb b bb b bb b bb
Blends bl, br bl, br bl, br bl, br
Patterns
Extra Graphemes
Graphemes a a a a a a
Blends
Patterns an, ad, at, ap, and, ack, amp ack, and, amp, ank, ang, atch, ash
amp, ang, ank, atch
Extra Graphemes
Graphemes k c q ck x(ks) k c q ck x(ks) ch k c q ck x(ks) ch k c q ck x(ks) ch k c q ck x(ks) ch k c q ck x(ks) ch
Blends qu, cl, cr cl, cr, qu, ch, cl, cr, sch, qu, chr, squ cl, cr, Chr, sc, qu, squ, scr, cks, cs, ks
cks, cs
Patterns ack, eck, ick, ock, uck, ix, ox
Extra Graphemes walk cheque acquire, liquor
Graphemes e e ea e ea e ea e ea e ea
Blends
Patterns en, ed, et, ell, end, est, ent, eck, elp
end, est, ent, ell, ess, ead ell, end, eck, ead
Extra Graphemes said, any, head friend, said, many said, any friendly, any says, friendly, against leopard, said, says, many, friend, bury
Graphemes d dd d dd d dd d dd d dd d dd
Blends dr, nd dr, nd, ld dr, nd dr, nd, ld
Patterns
Extra Graphemes remained
Graphemes i i i i i i
Blends
Patterns it, id, ig, ill, ish, ick, ing, in ing, int, ift, ink ish, ink, ich, itch, ing, ill, ick, ift
Extra Graphemes pretty pretty, busy, build pretty, busy, build syrup, women, busiest, pretty, building
English, mystery, busy, builder, women
Graphemes f ff f ff ph f ff ph f ff ph f ff ph f ff ph
Blends fl, fr, ft fl, fr, ft fl, fr, ft fl, fr
Patterns
Extra Graphemes enough enough cough, comfortable tough
© Firefl y Education 2011 3Phoneme and Grapheme StudyPhoneme Study Students are exposed to all 43 phonemes and constantly work with them through chants and actions, games,
activities and discussions throughout the program. (43 phonemes)
Grapheme Study The following graphemes (spelling choices) are formally introduced as shown in the chart below.
Phoneme & Grapheme Study Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Graphemes o a o a o a o a o a o a
Blends
Patterns op, ot, og, ock, ong, ost ock, ong, ost oss, ock, ong, ost ock, ong, oss, oft
Extra Graphemes want honest, sausage, knowledge, yacht
honestly
Graphemes g gg g gg g gg g gg g gg g gg
Blends gl, gr
Patterns ag, eg, ig, ug
Extra Graphemes guess guess ghost, guard vague, guarantee, ghastly
Graphemes u o u o u o u o u o u o
Blends
Patterns ut, un, up, ug, um, uck, ust, ump, uch
ush, ump, unch, ust, uck ust, ump, unk, unch, ung
Extra Graphemes does young, doesn’t tough, doesn’t, flood blood, touch, cupboard touching
Graphemes h h h h h h
Blends
Patterns
Extra Graphemes who who who who’s who’s whole
Graphemes j j g ge dge j g ge dge j g ge dge j g ge dge j g ge dge
Blends
Patterns
Extra Graphemes budget, suggest, soldier suggestion, allegiance, procedure
Graphemes ai ay a_e ai ay a_e a ai ay a_e a ai ay a_e a ai ay a_e a ai ay a_e a
Blends
Patterns ate, ake, ame, ade, ay ake, ate, ail, ain, ame ake, ate, ail, ain, ame ake, ate, ace, ane, ain, ail, aid
Extra Graphemes they, eight eighty eighty eighty, break, grey straight, neighbour, they reign, sleigh, campaign, bouquet, rendezvous, café/crêpe, fiancée
Graphemes l ll l ll l ll l ll l ll l ll
Blends bl, cl, fl, gl, ld, lf, lk, lp, lt ld, lf, lk, lp, lt ld, lf, lt bl, cl, fl, gl, pl, lm, ld, lk, lp, lt, lf
Patterns ill, ell, all, old, ilk, elt, elp, elf, ilt all, full, till
Extra Graphemes aisle
© Firefl y Education 2011 4Phoneme and Grapheme StudyPhoneme Study Students are exposed to all 43 phonemes and constantly work with them through chants and actions, games,
activities and discussions throughout the program. (43 phonemes)
Grapheme Study The following graphemes (spelling choices) are formally introduced as shown in the chart below.
Phoneme & Grapheme Study Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Graphemes ee e ea ee e ea y ey ee e ea y ey ee e ea y ey ee e ea y ey ee e ea y ey
Blends
Patterns eed, eep, een, eat, eet eed, eet, each eed, eek, een, eep, eak, eam, ean, eat
Extra Graphemes any these eight, break, grey ladies, people thief, receive, police, scene media, relieve, perceive
Graphemes m mm m mm mb m mm mb m mm mb m mm mb m mm mb
Blends sm, mp sm sm, sp
Patterns ump, amp amp, imp, omp, ump
Extra Graphemes some column camera, solemnly
Graphemes i_e y i_e y igh i ie i_e y igh i ie i_e y igh i ie i_e y igh i ie i_e y igh i ie
Blends
Patterns ine, ide, ind, ice, ike, ipe, ight ind, ite, ight ight ice, ide, ile, ine, ite, ize, ind, ight ire
Extra Graphemes light buy buy eye height, either, design iron, designer
Graphemes n nn n nn kn n nn kn n nn kn n nn kn n nn kn
Blends sn
Patterns
Extra Graphemes Wednesday medicine, pneumonia
Graphemes ng ng n ng n ng n ng n ng n
Blends
Patterns ing, ang, ong, ung
Extra Graphemes tongue
Graphemes oa o_e o oa o_e ow o oa o_e ow o oa o_e ow o oa o_e ow o oa o_e ow o
Blends
Patterns old, one, ope, ose, oke oat, oad, low
Extra Graphemes goes, know toe, although goes, though though, boulder shoulder, echoes
Graphemes p pp p pp p pp p pp p pp p pp
Blends pl, pr, sp, pt spl, spr, pl spl, spr pl, pr, spr, spl
Patterns ept
Extra Graphemes separately separately
© Firefl y Education 2011 5Phoneme and Grapheme StudyPhoneme Study Students are exposed to all 43 phonemes and constantly work with them through chants and actions, games,
activities and discussions throughout the program. (43 phonemes)
Grapheme Study The following graphemes (spelling choices) are formally introduced as shown in the chart below.
Phoneme & Grapheme Study Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Graphemes r rr r rr wr r rr wr r rr wr r rr wr r rr wr
Blends scr thr, spl, spr, scr, str, shr scr, str, shr, thr
Patterns
Extra Graphemes rhapsody
Graphemes ar a ar a ar a ar a ar a ar a
Blends
Patterns ard, ark, ast art, ass, ast, arge art, ark, ast, arge, ass are, half, laugh, heart
Extra Graphemes are are are, half, laugh, heart half, aunty, heart palm, draught clerk, balm, heartily, memoirs
Graphemes s ss se x(ks) c s ss se ce x(ks) c s ss se ce x(ks) c s ss se ce x(ks) c s ss se ce x(ks) c s ss se ce x(ks) c
Blends sk, sc, sl sk, sl, pl, st, nt sk, sm, sn, nd
Patterns
Extra Graphemes Christmas sword wrestled, answered, scientific, psychology
Graphemes ir ur ir ur or er ir ur or er ir ur or er ir ur or er ir ur or er
Blends
Patterns
Extra Graphemes her, were, word early, were early, were were, heard, journey research, conferred pearly, occurred, journal
Graphemes t tt t tt t tt t tt t tt t tt
Blends st, tr, nt st, tr, str st, tr, str, tw, ft, nt tr, tw, st, nt, ct, ft
Patterns ent, est, ast
Extra Graphemes interesting
Graphemes or a or ore a aw au or ore a aw au or ore a aw au or ore a aw au or ore a aw au
Blends
Patterns all, orn, ork all, orn, ork
Extra Graphemes saw, your, because your, walk, caught talk, fourteen, door, story, sure, warm, caught, bought
talk, sure, poor, fourth, caught, bought
sure, broad, stories, brought, quarter, course, taught
broaden, daughter, source, exhausted, mortgage, extraordinary
Graphemes v ve v ve v ve v ve v ve v ve
Blends
Patterns ive, ove, ave
Extra Graphemes
© Firefl y Education 2011 6Phoneme and Grapheme StudyPhoneme Study Students are exposed to all 43 phonemes and constantly work with them through chants and actions, games,
activities and discussions throughout the program. (43 phonemes)
Grapheme Study The following graphemes (spelling choices) are formally introduced as shown in the chart below.
Phoneme & Grapheme Study Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Graphemes w wh u w wh u w wh u w wh u w wh u w wh u
Blends sw, tw, qu qu, sw qu, squ, sw, tw
Patterns qu, squ
Extra Graphemes
Graphemes oo u oo u oo u oo u oo u oo u
Blends
Patterns ook, ood, ull ook, ood ood, ook, oot ull, ush, ood
Extra Graphemes would would could, woman could, woman wolf, couldn’t courier
Graphemes y y u(yoo) y u(yoo) y u(yoo) y u(yoo) y u(yoo)
Blends yoo yoo yoo yoo yoo
Patterns
Extra Graphemes few, use few, beautiful, million, tune knew, beautiful, cube, rescue, view
stew, obtuse, argue pursuit, union, failure, queue, neutralise
Graphemes oo oo ew ue u_e u oo ew ue u_e u oo ew ue u_e u oo ew ue u_e u oo ew ue u_e u
Blends yoo yoo yoo yoo yoo
Patterns oon, ool
Extra Graphemes do, you, flew two, you, who two, doing, fruit, beautiful, through
shoe, beautiful, fruit, through dew, due, juicy, lose, canoe, pure, excuse
approval, Europe, nuisance, souvenir, manoeuvre
Graphemes z zz s z zz s se z zz s se z zz s se z zz s se z zz s se
Blends
Patterns
Extra Graphemes clothes freeze, anxiety, scissors exaggerate
Graphemes s si s si s si s si s si s si
Blends
Patterns
Extra Graphemes massage luxurious, camouflage
Graphemes ou ow ou ow ou ow ou ow ou ow ou ow
Blends
Patterns own own, ound own, ound, ower own, ound, outh, out, oud, ount
Extra Graphemes hour hour drought, hour drought, doubt coward, plough, doubtless
Revision a_e, i_e, o_e, u_e
© Firefl y Education 2011 7Phoneme and Grapheme StudyPhoneme Study Students are exposed to all 43 phonemes and constantly work with them through chants and actions, games,
activities and discussions throughout the program. (43 phonemes)
Grapheme Study The following graphemes (spelling choices) are formally introduced as shown in the chart below.
Phoneme & Grapheme Study Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Graphemes ch ch tch ch tch ch tch ch tch ch tch
Blends
Patterns
Extra Graphemes picture picture century, question immature, righteous, exhaustion
Graphemes sh sh ch ti ci sh ch ti ci sh ch ti ci sh ch ti ci sh ch ti ci
Blends shr shr
Patterns
Extra Graphemes sure surely, tissue, anxious, session issue, tension, insurance, conscience, conscientious, oceanography
Graphemes oy oi oy oi oy oi oy oi oy oi oy oi
Blends
Patterns oin, oil oin, oil
Extra Graphemes buoyancy
Graphemes eer ear eer ear eer ear eer ear eer ear eer ear
Blends
Patterns
Extra Graphemes here here here here, pierce weary, sphere, fierce, cereal sincerely, theatre, fiercest, material, souvenir, orienteering
Graphemes th th th th th th
Blends thr thr
Patterns
Extra Graphemes
Graphemes th th th th th th
Blends
Patterns
Extra Graphemes breathe
© Firefl y Education 2011 8Phoneme and Grapheme StudyPhoneme Study Students are exposed to all 43 phonemes and constantly work with them through chants and actions, games,
activities and discussions throughout the program. (43 phonemes)
Grapheme Study The following graphemes (spelling choices) are formally introduced as shown in the chart below.
Phoneme & Grapheme Study Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Graphemes air air are air are air are air are air are
Blends
Patterns
Extra Graphemes where, their wear, their, there, they’re, we’re
there, their, they’re, wear, we’re
there, their, they’re, wear, caring, dairy, scarce
tear, they’re, everywhere, glary, scarcely, prayer, mayor
area, prayer, airily, mayoral, unbearable, millionaire, aeroplane, premiere, scarcity
Revision Consonant Blends
Graphemes er er ar or a e i o u er ar or a e i o u er ar or a e i o u er ar or a e i o u er ar or a e i o u
Blends
Patterns
Extra Graphemes metre, picture colour, litre, picture, certain famous, captain, capture, desire
villain, foreign, ridiculous, chauffeur
Revision ar, ir, or, ur
PO BOX 634, Buderim Qld 4556 Ph: (07) 5445 5749 Fax: (07) 5445 5171 E: soundwaves@fi refl yeducation.com.au www.soundwavesspelling.com.au
Focus Concepts
© Firefl y Education 2011 10Focus Concepts The introduction and consolidation of Focus Concepts are shown in the table below.
Focus Concepts Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Capitals Units 2, 6, 8, 10, 14, 16, 20, 24, 28, 30
Adding ed Units 12, 16, 22, 28
Units 2, 6, 20, 22, 26 Units 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 16, 18, 20, 35 Units 2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 19, 33 Units 10, 35
Adding ing Units 12, 16, 27,28
Units 10, 13, 16, 17, 20 (BLMs GM66–67), 22, 24, 26, 27
Units 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 20, 24, 35 Units 4, 9, 10, 13, 19, 33 Units 10, 13, 35 Unit 13
Adding ion Units 6, 13 Unit 13
Adding y or ly Units 8, 13, 35
Adding ed or ing to words ending in e
Units 13, 17, 19 Units 6, 10
Adding ed or ing to words ending in er
Unit 23
Adding s, es, ed and ing to words ending in y
Units 17, 18 Units 8, 17
Adding s or es Unit 22 Units 9, 11, 15, 17 Units 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 15 (ending with a vowel or consonant and y), 16, 20, 21, 22, 23, 30, 32, 35
Units 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 19, 30, 33 Units 4, 8 (BLMs GM19–20), 19, 32
Adding s or es to words ending in o
Unit 19 Unit 19
Adding s to words ending in f or fe
Unit 26 (BLM GM67) Unit 21
Adding er and est to words ending in y
Unit 26
Questions Units 7, 21, 26, 29
Alphabetical order Units 22, 26, 28, 30, 32 Units 2, 9, 10, 11, 16, 21, 22, 23, 26, 28, 30, 36
Units 2, 10, 21, 24, 34 (BLM GM87), 36
Units 20, 21 Units 11, 16, 22
Rhyming Units 3, 5, 7 (BLMs GM17–18), 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 27, 34
Units 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 14, 18, 19, 21, 25, 26, 30, 31
Units 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, 23, 25, 31
Units 3, 8, 15, 17, 19, 29, 31, 33
Adding to words ending in the letter e
Unit 29 Unit 32 Unit 2
Word origins Unit 34 Unit 13
© Firefl y Education 2011 11Focus Concepts The introduction and consolidation of Focus Concepts are shown in the table below.
Focus Concepts Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Onset/Rime Units 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 15,31, 33
Past Tense Units 2, 4, 5, 14, 20, 25, 27, 28, 29 Units 2, 24 (BLMs WL1–2), 27 Unit 31
Singular and Plural Unit 7 Unit 24 (BLM GM63) Units 15, 26, 32 Units 15 (BLMs GM48–50), 16, 21, 25, 27
Units 15, 19, 25 (BLM WL11), 31
Comparison Units 9, 21, 25 Units 20, 26 Units 6, 12, 14, 15, 23 (BLM GM83), 25, 33 (BLM GM83)
Unit 10 (BLM WL8), 16 (BLM WL8),19 (BLMs GM60 & WL8), 21 (BLMs WL8–9), 23 (BLMs GM60 & WL9), 25 (BLMs WL8–9), 29 (BLMs GM60 & WL9), 30 (BLMs WL8–9)
Word Building/ Word Families
Unit 14 Units 14, 35 Units 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35
Units 2 (BLMs GM2–3), 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12 (BLM GM32), 13, 19, 22, 23 (BLMs GM70–72), 24, 25, 29, 30 (BLM GM95), 32, 34, 35
Words ending with... Unit 14 (al, el, it, ol, le) Units 3 (ly, lly), 5 (er, ir, ur) 8 (ic & er ar or a e i o u in the last syllable), 14 (er, ir, ur for ir ur or er ,
er ar or a e i o u in the last syllable & le, al, el), 29 (ly, able, al, ity, ation)
Collective Nouns Unit 10 (BLM GM23) Unit 33
Adult and baby animal names/Families
Unit 14 (BLM GM36) Unit 4 (BLM GM6)
Definitions Unit 7
Correct word usage/Vocabulary
Unit 26 (BLMs GM89–90) Units 4, 6, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 23 (BLMs WL3–5), 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34
Units 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 26 (BLMs WL3–4), 27, 29, 31 (BLMs WL3–4), 32, 33, 34 (BLMs WL3–4), 36
Using a dictionary Units 10, 21, 27, 28, 30, 36 Units 4, 21, 23, 27, 28, 30
Combining Syllables Units 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 24, 28, 29, 30 Units 11, 15, 16
Analogies Units 3 (BLM WL7), 15 (BLM WL17)
Spoonerisms Units 6, 27
Similes Units 9, 19, 36
Proverbs Units 24 (BLM WL10), 28, 31, 34 (BLM WL10)
© Firefl y Education 2011 12Focus Concepts The introduction and consolidation of Focus Concepts are shown in the table below.
Focus Concepts Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Homophones Units19 know/no,
road/rode, knows/nose
29 to/two/too33 here/hear34 their/there35 their/there
Units13 sail/sale, maid/made,
ate/eight, male/mail 15 week/weak, meet/meat,
been/bean 18 new/knew, knights/nights,
no/know (BLMs GM56–57) 27 would/wood 33 hear/here, dear/deer 35 hare/hair, bare/bear,
pair/pare, there/they’re/their, where/wear,fare/fair
Units12 here/hear, heard/herd,
whole/hole, who’s/whose (BLMs GM28–29)
13 weight/wait, tale/tail, ate/eight, break/brake, grate/great
19 rode/road, no/know, hole/whole, nose/knows
25 for/four, shore/sure, caught/court, saw/sore, poor/pour/paw
27 wood/would28 you’re/your29 blue/blew, new/knew,
who’s/whose, through/threw30 whose/who’s34 there/their/they’re35 there/their/they’re, bear/bare,
hare/hair, pair/pear, we’re/where/wear
Units10 great/grate, grown/groan,
guest/guessed (BLMs GM20–21)
12 herd/heard, whose/who’s, whole/hole, hear/here (BLMs WL13–15)
13 break/brake, grate/great, sail/sale, plane/plain, ate/eight (BLMs WL13–15)
15 piece/peace, metre/meter, need/knead, storey/story
16 meet/meat, male/mail, maid/made, mind/mined
17 I/eye, hi/high, died/dyed, die/dye, tide/tied
18 no/know, knot/not, won/one, nun/none, need/kneed/knead (BLMs WL13–15)
20 poor/pour, passed/past, piece/peace, pain/pane (BLMs WL13–15)
25 pour/poor, caught/court, sure/shore
30 who’s/whose34 their/they’re/there35 their/there, pear/pair, bare/bear,
wear/where, fair/fare, hair/hare
Units2 buy/bye, beet/beat, bored/board,
border/boarder, broach/brooch, beech/beach, banned/band, bury/berry, build/billed, boy/buoy
4 check/cheque, course/coarse 6 tide/tied10 Greece/grease, groan/grown11 current/currant, disgust/
discussed,muscles/mussels, mustard/mustered, scull/skull, trussed/trust, rough/ruff, lumber/lumbar
13 wait/weight, brayed/braid, paced/paste, pain/pane, patience/patients, straight/strait, raise/rays, waist/waste, stationary/stationery
14 bridal/bridle, medal/meddle, pedal/peddle, petrel/petrol, symbol/cymbal, naval/navel, idle/idol, pistol/pistil
15 cheep/cheap, scene/seen, peace/piece, beet/beat, real/reel
18 aunt/aren’t, ring/wring19 wholly/holy, lone/loan, boulder/bolder,
mown/moan, brooch/broach(BLMs WL3–4)
22 cellar/seller, cereal/serial, soared/sword
25 sure/shore, boar/bore, alter/altar, hoarse/horse, forth/fourth, bored/board, forward/foreword, you’re/your
26 we’ll/wheel/weal, waist/waste, waits/weights, we’re/wear/where, whale/wail, world/whorled, whine/wine, weak/week, weather/whether, we’d/weed, wax/whacks
29 dew/due, bruise/brews 33 peer/pier, shear/sheer, tear/tier,
serial/cereal (BLM WL4)
35 stairs/stares, hair/hare, pare/pair/pear, mayor/mare, fl are/fl air, where/wear/we’re, bear/bare, fare/fair, they’re/their/there, heir/air (BLMs WL3–5)
Units7 principle/principal13 reigns/reins, lain/lane, suede/swayed,
slay/sleigh, stationary/stationery, patience/patients, paced/paste
17 license/licence, sight/site20 practice/practise, principal/principle22 licence/license23 birth/berth, colonel/kernel, tern/turn,
verses/versus, were/whirr, whirred/word, whirled/world (BLMs WL3–4)
26 suede/swayed, weather/whether31 bow/bough, coward/cowered,
foul/fowl, council/counsel, browse/brows, aloud/allowed
36 forward/foreword, licence/license (BLMs WL3–4)
© Firefl y Education 2011 13Focus Concepts The introduction and consolidation of Focus Concepts are shown in the table below.
Focus Concepts Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Homographs Units 17 wind, live (BLM WL5)
18 minute19 bow, sow, project (BLM WL5)
25 record27 crooked30 grease, desert31 row, house, wound (BLM WL5)
35 tear
Units13 associate (BLM WL5)
15 axes19 appropriate25 alternate
Verb Tense(Present and Past)
Units 6 do/does/did/done/doing
(BLMs GM13–14)
10 go/goes/going/gone (BLMs GM27–28)
Units 6 (BLM GM12), 16 (BLMs WL1–2), 18 (BLMs WL1–2), 26, 28
Units 2 (BLMs GM1–2), 8, 13, 23 (BLMs W1–2), 25
Units 11 (BLMs GM26–29), 18 (BLMs GM52–55),32 (verb agreement), 33 (verb agreement)(BLM WL12), 33 (verb tense) (BLMs GM102–105)
Contractions Units12 here’s, who’s, it’s, he’s,
she’s (BLMs GM34–35)
14 I’ll, he’ll, she’ll, you’ll, we’ll, it’ll, they’ll (BLMs GM41–42)
17 I’m, I’ll, I’ve24 weren’t, wasn’t, aren’t,
don’t, didn’t26 you’ve, they’ve, I’ve, haven’t
(BLMs GM85–86)
27 wouldn’t, couldn’t, shouldn’t28 you’re, you’ve, you’ll
(BLMs GM93–94)
30 who’s/whose
Units12 it’s, where’s, who’s, that’s,
here’s, how’s 14 they’ll, I’ll, he’ll, you’ll, who’ll,
what’ll, we’ll, where’ll, it’ll24 don’t, haven’t, that’s wasn’t,
weren’t, couldn’t26 we’ve, you’ve, they’ve27 couldn’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t28 you’ve, you’ll, you’d30 who’s35 they’re, we’re
Units12 he’s, he’d, he’ll, who’s, here’s,
hasn’t, haven’t14 you’ll, I’ll, he’ll, we’ll18 wasn’t, can’t, couldn’t, don’t,
won’t, wouldn’t24 don’t, can’t, doesn’t, wasn’t, won’t26 I’ve, we’ve, you’ve, you’re,
they’ve, haven’t27 wouldn’t, shouldn’t, couldn’t
(BLM WL3)
Units12 here’s, haven’t, let’s, he’ll, wouldn’t,
hadn’t, we’ve, who’s, what’s18 where’s, aren’t, you’ll, let’s, it’s,
couldn’t, they’d, we’ve, we’d, I’m, would’ve, she’ll, won’t, he’s, I’ll
22 there’s, he’s, he’d, they’ve26 we’ve, should’ve, we’re, let’s, we’d,
they’re, can’t, we’d, haven’t, they’ve, would’ve
27 wouldn’t, should’ve, couldn’t, where’s, there’ll, you’re (BLM WL6)
Units14 they’ll, we’ve, there’s, didn’t, they’re21 aren’t, they’re, we’re, you’re (BLM WL6)
24 wasn’t, won’t, don’t, can’t, isn’t, mustn’t, wouldn’t (BLM WL6)
Suffixes Units23 er, less, ful29 er, less, ful35 less, ful
Units8 ful (BLM S1) ist, ant, ling, less10 ful14 let, less, ling (BLMs S2–3 & GM37)
18 en (BLM S4)
22 ful, less, let, en, ling (BLMs S1–4)
24 ant, ent, ist (BLMs S5–6 & GM62)
27 ful (BLM S1)
28 ful, let, ling, less, en, ent, ant, ist32 ful, less, ling, let, en (BLMs S1–6)
34 ant, ent, ist (BLMs S1–6)
36 er, or (BLM S7)
Units14 ly (BLMs S1 & WL5) less, ful, let, ant,
ling, ist, en16 ment (BLMs S2 & WL5)
22 ness (BLMs S3 & WL5) ous (BLMs S4 & WL5)
26 ward/wards (BLMs S5 & WL5)
27 hood (BLMs S6 & WL5)
28 ly, ful, ward, ness, ment, ous, hood (BLM GM70)
32 ship (BLMs S7 & WL5)
33 ance, ly36 er, or, ant, ent, ist (BLMs S8–10)
Units 2 able, ible (BLM S1)
7 ish (BLM S2)
10 ment15 ee (BLM S3) y, ty, ity, y (BLMs S4–6)
18 en (BLMs S7–8)
20 ary, ery, ory (BLM S9)
26 ive (BLM S10)
Units 5 ion, ant, or (BLMs S1–3)
6 ion, ee, ive (BLMs S1, 4 & 5)
8 ly, cy, al (BLMs S7–9)
11 er, ate, ity, ion (BLMs S1 & 10–12)
13 ate (BLM S11)
15 ary, ery, ory, ury (BLMs GM43–44)
17 fy, ise, yse (BLMs S13–15)
18 ance, ence (BLM S16)
30 sion, ism35 aire, ian (BLMs S17–18)
36 ist, ian, ician (BLM GM114)
© Firefl y Education 2011 14Focus Concepts The introduction and consolidation of Focus Concepts are shown in the table below.
Focus Concepts Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Prefixes Units17 un, over, under, mid, re19 un, over, pre, re
Units11 un (BLM P1), up, over, super,
mid, pre, re16 mid, mis (BLMs P3–4 & GM39)
19 over (BLM P2)
20 up, pre, re (BLMs P5–7)
22 mid, mis, pre ,re26 un, up, over, super, mid, mis,
pre, re (BLMs P1–7)
29 super (BLM P8)
30 un, over, mid, mis32 up, pre, re, super (BLMs P1–8)
Units2 sub (BLMs P1 & WL4) un, up,
over, super, mid, pre, re, ex4 ex (BLMs P2 & WL4)
7 in, ilm im, ir (BLM P3)
8 fore (BLMs P4, GM16 & WL4)
11 under (BLMs P5 & WL4)
17 bi (BLMs P6 & WL4)
20 fore, im, ex, under, bi28 fore, im, in, out, sub, pre, ex, ir31 out (BLMs P7 & WL4)
33 dis, re36 inter (BLM P8)
Units3 dia, anti (BLMs P1–2)
4 kilo, centi, milli (BLMs P3–5)
5 deca, semi (BLMs P6–7)
6 a, in, di, de, at, ad, dis, dif7 in (BLM P8)
9 contra (BLM P9)
11 multi (BLM P10)
16 com 18 en (BLM P11) com, co, col, con,
cor (BLM P12)
19 pro (BLM P13)
20 post (BLM P14) re (BLM P15)
24 trans (BLM P16)
25 auto (BLM P17)
31 pro (BLM P13)
Units2 ante, anti (BLMs P1–2)
5 ac, re, ex, pro, suc, in (BLMs P3–8)
6 ad (BLM P9)
10 dis, ir, il, in, un (BLMs P10 & GM23–24)
12 hypo, hydr/hydro, hyper (BLMs P11–13)
18 in (BLMs P14–15)
20 pro, pre (BLMs P6 & 14–16)
26 equi (BLM P18)
31 counter (BLM P17)
Greek and Latin Roots
Units3 annus, aqua, astro (BLMs R1–4)
5 terra (BLM R5)
8 facio factus, fi nis, fortis, frango fractus, grapho (BLMs R6–10)
9 oct/octa/octo, mono (BLMs R11–12)
11 circum, curro cursus, duco ductus, justus, struo structus (BLMs R13–17)
12 ergon, geo, frigus, judex (BLMs R18–21)
19 phono, phos, pono positus (BLMs R22–24)
20 pono postus, porto, primus, pars partis, pello (BLMs R24–28)
23 circum, circ (BLMs R13 & 29)
24 tele (BLM R30)
25 audio, applaudo (BLMs R31–32)
29 fugio, insular, lumen, luna, unus (BLMs R33–37)
36 capio captus, caput capitus, decem, natalis (BLMs R38–41)
Units2 bios (BLM R1)
5 cedo cessus (BLM R2)
6 opto (BLM R3)
9 bios, astro, geo, audio, chrono, radius, crimen, arkhaiologos, logos (BLMs R1 & 4–11)
11 publicus (BLM R12)
12 habito, hospes hospitis, hostis (BLMs R13–15)
16 magnus, manus, memor, migro, minor (BLMs R16–20)
17 cit, multus, micro, scrib, signum, spiro (BLMs R21–26)
19 donum, phono, skopeo, voco, prope, socius, totus, proprius
24 tempus, tendo tensus, teneo, veneo vent, mitto missus (BLMs R27–31)
26 video visus, verto versus, civis, vorare(BLMs R32–35 & GM80–81)
35 aero (BLM R36)
© Firefl y Education 2011 15Focus Concepts The introduction and consolidation of Focus Concepts are shown in the table below.
Focus Concepts Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Compound Words Units8 girlfriend, fl owerbed,
wildfl ower, afternoon, photograph, fl yscreen(BLMs GM20–21)
19 overcoat, sailboat, notebook, sandstone, tightrope, snowball, backbone, postman
22 skylight, something, sometimes, sleepwalk, horseshoe, crossroad, centrepiece, iceblock, somehow, houseboat, somewhere, surfboard
Units6 playground, beside, weekend,
ladybird, driveway, doorbell (BLM GM14)
16 homemade, campsite, sometimes, mouthwash, minefi eld, mailbox
22 nextdoor, postbox, crossword, classroom, desktop, icepack
31 outside, blackout, lighthouse, houseboat, stormcloud, ourselves, countdown, playground
35 haircut, downstairs, everywhere, upstairs, wheelchair, airport
Units5 anyone, anybody, anything,
anyway, anywhere, anyhow9 anybody, nobody, somebody,
everybody11 something, somebody, somehow,
sometimes, someone, somewhere18 nothing, anything, something,
everything27 football, goodbye, cookbook,
footpath, bookmark, bushfi re, driftwood, footprint, bookcase(BLMs WL6–7)
28 backyard, yardstick, stickybeak, yearbook, bookcase, bookcases, yellowcake, yourself, useless, viewpoint (BLMs WL6–7)
29 shoelace, wetsuit, toothpaste, classroom, moonlight, suitcase, overdue, newspaper, whoever
35 upstairs, anywhere, fairground, downstairs, somewhere, hairbrush
Units16 thumbtack, motorcycle, meanwhile,
honeycomb, chimneysweep, lemongrass
27 understood, wolfhound, bullfrog, policewoman, driftwood, pincushion, lambswool, woodwind, bulldozer
34 thunderstorm, earthquake, thornbill, thickset, thumbnail, throughout, throwaway, thoroughfare (BLM T2)
Antonyms Unit24 stand/sit, taking/giving,
left/right, best/worst, fi rst/last, fast/slow
Units2 white/black, sell/buy,
sold/bought, ended/began, worse/better, worst/best, after/before, ugly/beautiful (BLM GM1)
6 dear/cheap, dead/live, sold/bought, dark/light, down/up(BLM GM13)
20 wrong/right, back/front, leave/arrive, caged/free, poor/rich, laughed/cried (BLM T1)
21 cry/laugh, slow/fast, before/after, small/large
30 unzip/zip, unused/used, open/close, diffi cult/easy, never/always, straight/frizzy
33 girls/boys, silence/noise, dislike/enjoy
Units6 dress/undress, would/wouldn’t,
don’t/do, sold/bought, died/lived, dear/cheap, different/same (BLM T1)
8 dark/fair, easy/diffi cult, unsafe/safe, cry/laugh, lead/follow, smooth/rough (BLM T1)
20 poor/rich, right/wrong, false/true, curl/stretch, fake/real, wide/narrow, back/front, jog/sprint, leave/arrive, forget/remember, wonderful/terrible, whisper/scream (BLM GM49)
21 cry/laugh, future/past, can/can’t, before/after
23 last/fi rst, best/worst, late/early, keep/return, useless/worthwhile
31 inside/outside, sweet/sour, north/south, fl ood/drought, weak/powerful
Units5 no one/everyone, nowhere/everywhere,
irregular/regular, full/empty, edge/centre, for/against, unfriendly/friendly, ignore/recognise, lethargy/energy (BLM GM11)
9 dishonest/honest, outdated/modern, agree/contradict, yesterday/tomorrow, rubbish/quality, impossible/possible, unsure/confi dent, right/wrong
22 unordered/serial, weak/forceful, unadorned/fancy, failure/success, fail/succeed, stay/escape, hold/release, happiness/sadness, continue/cease, send/receive, equilateral/scalene, nephew/niece, tight/loose
33 repairs/destroys, employee/employer, lower/hoists, quiet/noisy, blunt/pointed, uncoil/coil
Unit9 sense/nonsense, resist/cooperate,
vacate/occupy, cheerful/solemn, familiar/foreign, weaker/stronger, ending/origin, withholding/offering, prepared/impromptu, dishonestly/honestly, improperly/properly, unpopular/popular, dishonourable/honourable (BLM T3)
© Firefl y Education 2011 16Focus Concepts The introduction and consolidation of Focus Concepts are shown in the table below.
Focus Concepts Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Synonyms Unit24 post/send, little/small,
cost/price, start/begin, street/road, string/twine (BLMs GM78–79)
Units7 end/fi nish, guest/visitor,
raise/lift, active/busy, small/little, attractive/pretty, unlike/different, construct/build
10 offer/give, chuckle/giggle, combined/together, farewell/ goodbye, entrance/gate, collect/gather (BLM T1)
20 splash/squirt, spread/stretch, sprang/leapt (BLM T1)
30 none/zero, cook/sizzle, simple/easy, active/busy, trophy/prize, fl uffy/frizzy
31 noisy/ loud, circular/round, yell/shout, permit/allow, dwelling/house
33 link/join, damp/moist, dirt/soil, ruin/destroy, option/choice
35 uncommon/rare, steps/stairs, couple/pair, uncovered/bare, cautious/careful, plan/prepare
Units3 glad/happy, rug/blanket, soil/
land, split/crack, creature/animal, spray/splash, opportunity/chance, sportsperson/athlete
5 man/fellow, prepared/ready, anybody/anyone, numerous/many, rim/edge, weighty/heavy, gift/present, barrier/fence
11 nation/country, fortunate/lucky, humorous/funny, twice/double, suffi cient enough, twelve/dozen, unattractive/ugly, rush/hurry
15 guide/lead, neat/tidy, tale/story, miniature/tiny, leader/chief, portion/piece
23 soil/dirt, mix/stir, earth/world/dirt, trip/journey, watch/observe
31 noisy/loud, mob/crowd, permit/allow, earth/ground, 60 minutes/hour
33 tip/point, like/enjoy, demolish/destroy, sound/noise, option/choice, dampness/moisture
Units4 pedal/cycle, fi ght/attack, shout/scream,
excluding/except, anticipate/expect, unfortunate/unlucky, space craft/rocket, reverberate/echo, outstanding/excellent, actor/character, diminish/decrease, fi sh tank/aquarium (BLM T1)
9 pillar/column, disagree/contradict, food/sausage, life story/biography, aircraft/monoplane, result/consequence, standard/quality, information/knowledge, amazement/astonishment
16 horde/swarm, delegation/committee, crucial/important, unite/combine, tradition/custom, recall/remember, tower/column, part of hand/thumb, fraction/decimal, visitors/company, foe/enemy, vie/compete, assure/promise, fruit/lemon, balanced/symmetrical, acknowledge/mention, appreciation/admiration
33 dampness/moisture, pleasant/enjoyable, position/appointment, regal/royal, slippery/oily, stop/foil, selection/choice, together/jointly, journey/voyage
Units2 obey/conform, bury/entomb, brilliant/
dazzling, cupboard/cabinet, resemblance/likeness, combination/mixture, rubbish/garbage, celebration/party, describe/explain, tremble/shake, responsible/dependable, abbreviated/shortened
3 camoufl age/disguise, accurate/correct, anticipate/expect, absolute/total, fi nance/money, apparent/obvious, manufacture/produce, fl ammable/infl ammable
4 weather/climate, organiser/ secretary, community/colony, argument/quarrel, ruined/wrecked, suggest/recommend, performance/concert, handy/convenient, peace/tranquillity, exceptionally/exceedingly, conference/convention
9 alien/foreign, horned animal/rhinoceros, workplace/offi ce, express regret/apologise, management of forests/forestry, convention/conference, king/sovereign, residents/population, employment/occupation, eating place/restaurant (BLM T3)
10 brilliance/magnifi cence, continuing/progressive, quench/extinguish, differentiate/distinguish, assurance/guarantee, arrangement/agreement, magazine/catalogue, muddled/disorganised beautiful/gorgeous, signed/signalled, tiredness/fatigue, unclear/vague, immigrant/migrant, agony/anguish, appealing/engaging, conversation/dialogue mourn/grieve, grasping/greedy, trap/entangle, bird/eagle
16 cloth/material, escorted/accompanied, extraordinarily/extreme, burning/combustion, unspoiled/undamaged, inspect/examine, most/majority, zoo/menagerie, dissatisfaction/complaint, contest/competition, restart/recommence, introductory/preliminary, graveyards/cemeteries, assessment/estimation, unspeakable/unmentionable, awkwardness/embarrassment, similarity/resemblance, seriously/solemnly, huge/immense, full–grown/mature, tummy/stomach, generally/commonly (BLM T1)
© Firefl y Education 2011 17Focus Concepts The introduction and consolidation of Focus Concepts are shown in the table below.
Focus Concepts Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Synonyms (cont) 25 as needed/accordingly, genuine/authentic, extreme/extraordinary beginning/source, widen/broaden, fatigued/exhausted, agreement to repay a loan/mortgage, safety measure/precaution, acts by itself/automatic, band to stop fl ow of blood/tourniquet, believable/plausible, warm and friendly/cordial, fi ne china/porcelain, creator usually of books/author
26 inevitable/unavoidable, victimised/persecuted, vivacious/ebullient, serviceable/functional, inconvenience/nuisance
28 blend/union, desire/yearn, produce/yield, use/utilise, tool/utensil, outfi t/uniform, chase/pursuit, inquisitive/curious, well–known/familiar, invasion/occupation, assemble/manufacture, unevenness/irregularity (BLM T1)
29 neutral/impartial, unique/unmatched, avenue/street, mature/developed, exclude/omit, infl uence/effect, renewable/replaceable, pollution/contamination, insecurity/uncertainty, manoeuvre/manipulate, enthusiastic/ebullient, continuation/extension, crucial/vital, approval/blessing, nuisance/hassle, individual/separate, unanimous/complete, opportunity/chance (BLMs WSS & T16)
34 length/swathe, respire/breathe, beat/rhythm, encircled/wreathed, serenely/smoothly, twist/writhe, detestable loathsome, enveloped/smothered approximately/thereabouts
35 event/affair, request/prayer, breezily/airily, antenna/aerial, misery/despair, cautiously/warily, announce/declare, shortage/scarcity, imperfect/impaired, broken/disrepair, opening performance/premiere, intolerable/unbearable, test/questionnaire, clear/transparent, change/variation
36 housing/accommodation, breathtaking/exhilarating, moral sense/conscience, now and then/occasional, usually/ordinarily, absurd/ridiculous, interpreter/translator, help/assistance, easy/effortless, driver/chauffeur, aware/conscious, well–mannered/courteous, misgiving/suspicion, fi ne china/porcelain, particular/specifi c, examine/analyse, unfamiliar/foreign, rogue/villain, small plate/saucer, employment/career