scm550-en_col15_ilt_fv_inst_a4

SCM550Cross-Functional Customizing in Materials Management

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INSTRUCTOR HANDBOOKINSTRUCTOR-LED TRAINING

.Course Version: 15Course Duration: 5 Day(s)Material Number: 50124265

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Typographic Conventions

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Contents

xi Course Overview

1 Unit 1: Solution Manager and Customizing Projects2 Lesson: Defining Customizing Projects 60 Minutes13 Exercise 1: Define a Customizing Project 15 Minutes

23 Unit 2: General Settings24 Lesson: Checking Countries and Currencies 40 Minutes31 Exercise 2: Check Settings for Countries and Currencies 10 Minutes35 Lesson: Defining Units of Measurements 60 Minutes39 Exercise 3: Define a Unit of Measurement 20 Minutes47 Lesson: Setting Up a Factory Calendar 40 Minutes53 Exercise 4: Set Up a Factory Calendar 10 Minutes

69 Unit 3: Organizational Units70 Lesson: Defining Organizational Units in Materials Management 60 Minutes75 Exercise 5: Define Organizational Units in Purchasing 15 Minutes80 Lesson: Defining and Assigning Plants 60 Minutes91 Exercise 6: Set Up a New Plant 20 Minutes

105 Unit 4: Master Data106 Lesson: Setting Up Material Master Records 40 Minutes110 Lesson: Creating Material Types 60 Minutes119 Exercise 7: Create Material Types 30 Minutes131 Lesson: Setting Up Field Selection for Material Master Records 40 Minutes138 Lesson: Defining Field References for Material Master Records 60 Minutes145 Exercise 8: Adjust Settings for Field Selection 30 Minutes156 Lesson: Configuring the Material Master 60 Minutes169 Exercise 9: Configure the Material Master 25 Minutes179 Lesson: Defining Settings for Vendor Master Records 60 Minutes195 Exercise 10: Define Settings for Vendor Master Records 30 Minutes

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215 Unit 5: Valuation and Account Assignment217 Lesson: Describing Automatic Account Determination 50 Minutes225 Exercise 11: Describe Settings for Automatic Account Determination 10 Minutes229 Lesson: Determining the Relevance of Company Codes and

Valuation Areas50 Minutes

237 Exercise 12: Group Valuation Areas 15 Minutes244 Lesson: Creating Valuation Classes and Account Category

References60 Minutes

251 Exercise 13: Create Valuation Classes and Account Category References

20 Minutes

260 Lesson: Setting Up Account Determination for Specific Transactions 60 Minutes273 Exercise 14: Set Up Account Determination for Specific

Transactions30 Minutes

284 Lesson: Subdividing a Transaction with the Account Grouping Code 60 Minutes291 Exercise 15: Subdivide a Transaction in Account Determination with

the Account Grouping Code20 Minutes

301 Lesson: Adjusting Account Determination for Special Cases 40 Minutes311 Exercise 16: Adjust Account Determination for Special Cases 5 Minutes317 Lesson: Adjusting Settings for Split Valuation 50 Minutes323 Exercise 17: Adjust Settings for Split Valuation 20 Minutes

349 Unit 6: Purchasing351 Lesson: Creating Document Types in Purchasing 60 Minutes361 Exercise 18: Create Document Types in Purchasing 25 Minutes374 Lesson: Using Document Types in Purchasing 60 Minutes379 Exercise 19: Use Document Types in Purchasing 15 Minutes384 Lesson: Creating Account Assignment Categories 40 Minutes387 Exercise 20: Create Account Assignment Categories 25 Minutes398 Lesson: Adjusting the Screen Layout of Purchasing Documents 20 Minutes403 Exercise 21: Adjust the Screen Layout of Purchasing Documents 10 Minutes409 Lesson: Defining Text Types and Text Adoption 60 Minutes417 Exercise 22: Define Text Types 30 Minutes426 Lesson: Specifying Texts for Output Processing 60 Minutes433 Exercise 23: Specify Texts for Output Processing 30 Minutes440 Lesson: Controlling the Output of Messages in Purchasing 60 Minutes445 Exercise 24: Maintain Message Schema and Message Types 15 Minutes449 Lesson: Using Condition Technique for Message Determination 60 Minutes459 Exercise 25: Create Condition Records and Message Types 30 Minutes

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491 Unit 7: Inventory Management492 Lesson: Adjusting Settings for Material and Accounting Documents 40 Minutes499 Exercise 26: Adjust Settings for Material and Accounting

Documents5 Minutes

503 Lesson: Adjusting Settings for Goods Movements 60 Minutes511 Exercise 27: Adjust Settings for Goods Movements 30 Minutes524 Lesson: Adjusting the Output of Messages in Inventory Management 60 Minutes535 Exercise 28: Adjust the Output of System Messages 35 Minutes

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Course Overview

TARGET AUDIENCEThis course is intended for the following audiences: Application Consultant Super / Key / Power User

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UNIT 1 Solution Manager and Customizing Projects

Lesson 1Defining Customizing Projects 2

Exercise 1: Define a Customizing Project 13

UNIT OBJECTIVES Define a Customizing project

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Unit 1Lesson 1

2Defining Customizing Projects

LESSON OVERVIEWThis lesson covers the key points that you need take into account when working on a Customizing project. It introduces you to Customizing functions.

Discuss the Customizing tasks with the participants. Clarify that there is not always just one single solution to a problem.For example: One task is to monitor stocks of packing materials. In which ways can this be done?Possible answers include: Selection through material type, material group, material number range, storage location, and general ledger account.

Business ExampleYou are a member of the project team responsible for implementing the SAP system. You need to know how to configure the SAP system quickly and efficiently. Your company has decided to set up a separate Customizing project for the logistics activities. For this reason, you require the following knowledge: An understanding of the function of a Customizing project An understanding of the definition and details of a Customizing project

LESSON OBJECTIVESAfter completing this lesson, you will be able to: Define a Customizing project

2 Copyright . All rights reserved.

SAP Solution Manager

Figure 1: SAP Solution Manager

To start a project, you must create a requirements catalog. In the blueprint phase of a project, you can compare the requirements listed in the catalog with the options offered by the SAP Solution Manager application management solution.The SAP Solution Manager is the platform that integrates all the content, tools, and methodologies for the implementation and operation of SAP solutions.It consists of an operations area for ordering and performing services, a solution-monitoring section, and a support area for activities, such as automatic implementation and search for SAP Notes.The SAP Solution Manager performs the following tasks: It helps to manage the entire SAP solution landscape of the customer, including interfaces

to third-party systems, by focusing on core business processes. It assists customers to implement and run their SAP solutions. It integrates content, tools, and methodologies. It helps customers to visualize the business process and maps the solution landscape

graphically to give a complete overview of the production environment. It helps to ensure the operation of core business processes by monitoring them, and

alerting the customer when potential problems are encountered. It supports customers at the start of a project (the implementation of an SAP application)

during the functional and technical implementation phase. It provides access to the tools, content, and methods required from a functional and

technical perspective to implement and optimize SAP solutions. It helps to monitor internal messages and forward them, if necessary, to SAP (Service

desk).The SAP Solution Manager is the central implementation and operating platform for SAP applications. For example, connecting your systems to the SAP Solution Manager provides you with centralized Customizing distribution and synchronization, as well as centralized test management, monitoring, and incident management.

Lesson: Defining Customizing Projects


The SAP Solution Manager is also required for customers to receive efficient support from SAP.Implementation Guide and Customizing Projects

Figure 2: Typical Questions Regarding the Implementation

Although the SAP Solution Manager is the central tool for implementing an SAP application, this training course focuses only on the functions and options provided by Customizing, and how to work with Customizing projects.All key functions for the project work are set out in Customizing, which leads you through the system settings that have to be made.In addition to the online documentation and Customizing, SAP offers a comprehensive program of standard or customer-specific training courses to introduce you to the processes in the SAP system. The Internet Demonstration and Evaluation System (IDES) is also available. This is an SAP system in which an example company is represented with a wide variety of business processes.

If there are any questions about IDES access, you can inform the participants that SAP provides its customers with a free IDES system that they can install. There is no longer an Internet access to an IDES system at SAP.

Unit 1: Solution Manager and Customizing Projects


Customizing Goals

Figure 3: Customizing Goals

The Implementation Guide is the tool for customizing the SAP system to meet customer-specific requirements. It contains the steps necessary in the implementation process and all activities required for configuring the system for each application.The structure of the Implementation Guide takes into account the interrelationships between various database tables. The security of the implementation process is also increased by the systems verification of entries and links.The Implementation Guide can separate the essential from non-essential settings. Thus, it reduces the time and cost needed for the implementation to a minimum.Definition of Customizing

Figure 4: What is Customizing?



The Implementation Guide is divided by application areas into a structure that reflects the hierarchy of the application components.The Implementation Guide enables the following actions: Administer, process, and analyze implementation or enhancement projects. Configure the functions of the SAP system in your company quickly, safely, and

economically. Tailor standard functions according to the specific requirements of your company. Document and monitor the phases of implementation using project management tools. Automatically transfer Customizing settings and configuration information from the

quality assurance system to the production system. The transfer gives you the assurance that the settings are consistent in all systems. Transporting the settings also saves you from having to maintain data multiple times.

Definition of a Customizing Project

Figure 5: SAP Reference Implementation Guide and Customizing Projects

The SAP Reference IMG contains the complete functions for all possible Customizing settings for all countries and application components. It is structured in a hierarchy corresponding to the application components. All Customizing activities are assigned to one or more components.



Project Management

Figure 6: Project Management

You create a project IMG by selecting countries and application components or by manually selecting nodes or individual functions based on the Implementation Guide. Using the project IMG, you can call up the Customizing activities and edit the project documentation (notes) and project status information.In project administration, you create a project and enter the following key data for that project: Name of the project Project team members Scope of the project Possible status values for the projectWithin a project, you can create several views of the project.You can create additional views for the project IMG only. You cannot create any views for the SAP Reference IMG.



Definition of an Implementation Project

Figure 7: Definition of an Implementation Project

The figure shows the process for defining an implementation project.You can structure the activities in a project by using attributes or means of manual selection. You can create different (additional) views that you can then also use to call selected Customizing activities and edit the project documentation and project status information.The basis for the creation of project views is always the project IMG. You reduce the view to a specific view by selecting attributes. It is possible to mark certain attributes as mandatory activities.With manual selection, you do not create a project view using a selection of attributes; instead, you select specific individual structure nodes or individual functions of your project IMG. In this case, you determine the criteria for the selection of the structure nodes, which you want to summarize in a view. Manual selection enables you to summarize selected Customizing activities for example, for individual project team members or key users.



Definition of a Project View

Figure 8: Definition of a Project View

The figure shows the structure of an additional project view that contains only the activities for configuring the release procedure for purchase documents and purchase requisitions.Project Work

Figure 9: Project Work

You can call and process the individual Customizing activities from within the project IMG. It is structured by components.



The system provides attributes for the individual activities.The attributes are: Status of the activity (status, key words, and employees) Necessity for the activity Classification as a critical or a noncritical activity Assignment of the activity to the ASAP (Accelerated SAP) roadmap Country assignment Assignment of the activity to application components Business Add-Ins (BAdIs). With this information, you can find out where SAP allows

customer-specific function enhancements Existing business configuration (BC) sets for an activity Technical data (client dependency, language dependency, and transport type)Structure of the Project IMG

Figure 10: Structure of the Implementation Guide

The figure shows you a structure of the project IMG.You call up additional information within implementation guides using the menu option Additional Information. In the structure shown in the figure, the Necessity of the Activity was selected for the additional information.Business Configuration Sets (BC-CUS) enable you to group together Customizing settings. The grouping accelerates and simplifies the implementation process.BC sets also provide the following advantages: A global rollout can be carried out more efficiently.



Industry systems are easier to create and maintain. To a large extent, Customizing can be carried out at a business level. Change management can be handled faster and more safely. The upgrade process is simplified.Enhancement Packages and Business FunctionsTo find out which Business Functions are suitable for you, SAP offers a Business Function Prediction on the service marketplace: https://service.sap.com/bfp. You can also use the SAP Solution-Browser: http://sapsolutionbrowser.com).

How to Create and Assign a Customizing Project

Note:You should already have designated project 200 as your standard project.

1. In Customizing, go to Logistics General Material Master Settings for Key Fields Define Material Groups.Proceed as follows:a) Show the individual icons in the structure and their Quick Info. Explain the meaning of

the icons.b) Show the documentation for this activity.c) Show the maintenance of the Customizing tables in general. Introduce the individual

buttons, such as New Entries and Copy As.d) Make a new entry through New Entries and another using the copy function.e) Explain the Selection All New Entries function.f) Save your new material groups.

g) Demonstrate the use of the new material groups in material master maintenance or in a new purchase requisition.

h) Assign a status to this activity.i) Maintain the Standard Customer Note and make a note of the changes you have made

to this activity.j) Show the changed Note icon.

2. Show the selected additional information, such as the necessity for the activities.3. Show how you defined project 200 or the additional view SCM550 as the standard view for

your own Customizing work.4. Show the possible user-specific and user-independent settings for working in

Customizing.5. Optional:

Show the definitions for project 200 in project management.



Define a new project with only a few components (for example, with just the components Purchasing, Inventory Management, and Invoice Verification).

6. Show the Implementation Guide with its "restricted" functions.

Enhancement Packages and Business FunctionsSAP ERP 6.0 uses Enhancement Packages, which represent extended functions. You can activate new features within the Enhancement Packages as necessary through Business Functions. Each business function integrates documentation and test cases that allow you to configure and test that function quickly and easily. In Customizing, go to Activate Business Functions (SFW5).To find out which Business Functions are suitable for you, SAP offers a Business Function Prediction on the service marketplace: https://service.sap.com/bfp. You can also use the SAP Sulution-Browser: http://sapsolutionbrowser.com).

Figure 11: SAP Enhancement Packages and Business Functions



Unit 1Exercise 1

11Define a Customizing Project

Business ExampleYour company has decided to use a separate project to implement the SAP Logistics functionality. Accordingly, project 200 has been set up for Logistics and an additional view has been created for materials management. You will create your future settings in this project.Manage the Project1. Within project management you can specify details for individual projects. Find out the

validity period of project 200 (configuration and organization in logistics).

Validity period of project 200:

2. Before starting on the actual project work, find out which status values you can use to document the progress of work on your project.

3. Which employees have been assigned to this project?

Manage Standard Projects and Project Processing1. Call project processing. Maintain your Customizing worklist. Adopt the SCM550

Material_Management view for project 200 in your worklist.2. Make a user-specific setting to inform the system that you would like to be made aware of

release information immediately and that you do not want to use a split screen for project work.

3. Define the SCM550 Material_Management view as the standard (default) project for your Customizing activities to access the Materials Management activities of the Implementation Guide more quickly.Test this assignment by calling project processing again.


4. Find out what the individual icons mean in the Implementation Guide for your project. To do so, expand the SAP NetWeaver and General Settings nodes. A number of different symbols are displayed. If you position the cursor on a symbol, the key for that symbol is displayed.The system displays icons for the following functions: Documentation for Customizing activity Customizing activity Status information Note Release notes in the Implementation Guide

5. Search for the character string Purchasing Groups. From the hit list, choose the entry Create Purchasing Groups.Read the online documentation and the release notes.

6. Define a new purchasing group Z##. Enter this purchasing group as the default value for your further work in your user parameters (parameter ID EKG).

7. Which status has been entered for the activity Create Purchasing Groups?

Hint:In practice, Customizing is carried out in a dedicated Customizing system rather than in the production system. The settings are then transferred from this system to the production system. You will not transport Customizing settings in this course. This means that you do not need to enter an order number when saving Customizing activities.

8. Add the transaction for project processing (SPRO) to your favorites.



Unit 1Solution 1

13Define a Customizing Project

Business ExampleYour company has decided to use a separate project to implement the SAP Logistics functionality. Accordingly, project 200 has been set up for Logistics and an additional view has been created for materials management. You will create your future settings in this project.Manage the Project1. Within project management you can specify details for individual projects. Find out the

validity period of project 200 (configuration and organization in logistics).

Validity period of project 200:

a) On the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Tools Customizing IMG Project Administration (SPRO_ADMIN).

b) Select project 200 and choose the Display Project button.General data on project 200 displays:Start: 01.01.2014End: 31.12.2017

2. Before starting on the actual project work, find out which status values you can use to document the progress of work on your project.

a) Choose the Status Vals tab page. The status values for this project are: LO-ERLEDIG Processing completed LO-FRAGEN Questions still to be cleared up LO-NACHARB Activity incomplete LO-PRFEN Settings still to be checked LO-TRANSP Settings still to be transported LO-UNBENUT Function not used


LO-UNVERN SAP setting adopted3. Which employees have been assigned to this project?

Choose the Proj. Team Member tab page, and note the individual table entries (the names can vary).

Manage Standard Projects and Project Processing1. Call project processing. Maintain your Customizing worklist. Adopt the SCM550

Material_Management view for project 200 in your worklist.a) From the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Tools Customizing IMG Execute

Project (SPRO).b) Choose (Add to Worklist).c) Select the second line with the title of the project or view SCM550

Material_Management and adopt this entry.2. Make a user-specific setting to inform the system that you would like to be made aware of

release information immediately and that you do not want to use a split screen for project work.a) Choose Settings User-Specific.b) On the IMG Struct. tab page, select the Always Display Release Note Icon checkbox.c) On the General (Customizing Projects) tab page, deselect the Split Screen checkbox.d) Choose Continue.

3. Define the SCM550 Material_Management view as the standard (default) project for your Customizing activities to access the Materials Management activities of the Implementation Guide more quickly.Test this assignment by calling project processing again.a) Select the SCM550 Material Management project.b) Choose Edit Default Project/View Define (SPRO).c) Exit the transaction SPRO and then execute it again. The structure of the

Implementation Guide for the SCM550 Materials Management view appears.4. Find out what the individual icons mean in the Implementation Guide for your project. To

do so, expand the SAP NetWeaver and General Settings nodes. A number of different symbols are displayed. If you position the cursor on a symbol, the key for that symbol is displayed.The system displays icons for the following functions: Documentation for Customizing activity Customizing activity Status information Note



Release notes in the Implementation Guide5. Search for the character string Purchasing Groups. From the hit list, choose the entry

Create Purchasing Groups.Read the online documentation and the release notes.a) Choose (Find).

Enter purchasing groups as the search term.b) You get a hit list and can choose the activity Create Purchasing Groups. You are

automatically taken to the chosen Customizing activity (the chosen activity is highlighted in color).

c) You can access the online documentation and release notes (where available and selected) via the relevant icons (IMG activity documentation) or (IMG release notes).

6. Define a new purchasing group Z##. Enter this purchasing group as the default value for your further work in your user parameters (parameter ID EKG).a) Start the Customizing activity Create Purchasing Groups from the hit list by selecting

(IMG - Activity).b) Choose New Entries.c) Enter the value Z## in the Purchasing Group column.

Enter a name for the purchasing group and, optionally, other information and save your input.

d) To assign this purchasing group as the parameter ID for your further work, choose System User Profile Own Data.

Hint:You do not have to open a new session for this activity. A new session opens automatically when you call this transaction.

e) Choose the Parameters tab page.f) Input a new entry in the first available row as follows:

Field Name or Data Type ValueParameter EKGValue Z##

If an entry with the parameter ID EKG already exists, replace the value with Z##.g) Save your changes.h) Close the session to return to Customizing.



7. Which status has been entered for the activity Create Purchasing Groups?

Choose Status Information. The current status is LO-TRANSP, which means that the settings still have to be transported.

Hint:In practice, Customizing is carried out in a dedicated Customizing system rather than in the production system. The settings are then transferred from this system to the production system. You will not transport Customizing settings in this course. This means that you do not need to enter an order number when saving Customizing activities.

8. Add the transaction for project processing (SPRO) to your favorites.a) To add the transaction for project processing to your favorites, on the SAP Easy

Access screen, you can choose any of the following steps: Move the transaction for project processing to your favorites. Select the transaction and choose Add to Favorites. Select the transaction and choose Favorites Add. Right-click the transaction and choose Add to Favorites. Right-click Favorites, choose Insert Transaction, and enter the transaction SPRO. If you are still in project processing, choose System User Profile Expand

Favorites.



LESSON SUMMARYYou should now be able to: Define a Customizing project



Unit 1

19Learning Assessment

1. Which of the following activities can you accomplish using the Implementation Guide?Choose the correct answers.

X A Read documentation

X B Check activity status

X C Create documents

X D View release notes

2. If you work frequently with a certain Customizing project, you can add it to your _______.Choose the correct answer.

X A Favorites

X B User default

X C Worklist

X D Personal Settings

3. Which of the following activities is recommended when creating a new Customizing project?Choose the correct answer.

X A Rolling it out in a new country

X B Creating a new MRP area

X C Testing of Support Packages

X D Switching forms from SAPScript to PDF


Unit 1

20Learning Assessment - Answers

1. Which of the following activities can you accomplish using the Implementation Guide?Choose the correct answers.

X A Read documentation

X B Check activity status

X C Create documents

X D View release notes

2. If you work frequently with a certain Customizing project, you can add it to your _______.Choose the correct answer.

X A Favorites

X B User default

X C Worklist

X D Personal Settings

3. Which of the following activities is recommended when creating a new Customizing project?Choose the correct answer.

X A Rolling it out in a new country

X B Creating a new MRP area

X C Testing of Support Packages

X D Switching forms from SAPScript to PDF


UNIT 2 General Settings

Lesson 1Checking Countries and Currencies 24

Exercise 2: Check Settings for Countries and Currencies 31

Lesson 2Defining Units of Measurements 35

Exercise 3: Define a Unit of Measurement 39

Lesson 3Setting Up a Factory Calendar 47

Exercise 4: Set Up a Factory Calendar 53

UNIT OBJECTIVES Define countries and currencies Define a unit of measurement Set up a factory calendar


Unit 2Lesson 1

22Checking Countries and Currencies

LESSON OVERVIEWThis lesson covers selected general settings, including those for currencies and countries. Each country has its special features, such as the way numbers and dates are represented. The structure of addresses also varies from country to country. If purchase orders are issued in foreign currencies in your company, you must also be aware of the settings for currency translation.

When discussing the structure of addresses in the country settings, explain that some countries (for example, Great Britain) require more address fields than others (for example, Germany). Customers must take this into consideration when printing forms. The function F1 calls a document showing how a field is used within a business process.

Business ExampleYou are supporting the SAP system implementation at a multinational company. The company interacts with customers and vendors from many countries, and processes purchase orders issued in many currencies. The companys customers and vendors not only use various currencies, but also format numbers, dates and addresses in many ways. As a result, you need to understand how addressees are structured in the SAP system, and be aware of the settings for currency translations.In addition, you need to check certain system settings to confirm that they have been maintained for materials management purposes. For this reason, you require the following knowledge: An understanding of settings for countries An understanding of currency conversion

LESSON OBJECTIVESAfter completing this lesson, you will be able to: Define countries and currencies


Country Settings

Figure 12: Country Settings

You have business partners in many countries. Check that there are definitions in the SAP system for all of these countries.You need the following information for each country: General data Country-specific data (postal code, bank information, tax data, and so on) Regions Country (telephone) codesCountry settings apply to all application components. The system checks the settings when you maintain the master data.

Lesson: Checking Countries and Currencies


Details for the Country Settings

Figure 13: Details for the Country Settings

The figure shows an example of the country settings in the Implementation Guide.Country-Specific Checks

Figure 14: Country-Specific Checks

The figure shows the country-specific checks in Implementation Guide.

Unit 2: General Settings


Exchange Rates

Figure 15: Currencies

The exchange rate type allows the SAP system to define exchange rates on the same date for various purposes. If necessary, you can define additional exchange rate types.When documents are posted and cleared, the system uses the exchange rates stored under exchange rate type M (standard translation at average rate) to convert amounts from one currency to another. The Exchange Database table must contain at least one entry in your company code currency under exchange rate type M for the conversion of every foreign currency that you use in your company code. The exchange rates apply to all company codes.If you do not manually enter exchange rates in purchase orders issued in foreign currencies, the SAP system automatically uses the rate stored under type M or any alternative rate type that you have assigned.You can specify a deviating exchange rate type for certain combinations of currencies. You assign these deviating exchange rate types under Define Translation Ratios for Currency Translation.. Note that making changes to the translation ratios after the system has been implemented may cause inconsistencies.



Currency Conversions

Figure 16: Currency Conversions

Deviating exchange rate types can also be used in Financials. To do so, you can assign an exchange rate type to every document type for accounting documents.If you have to make conversions among different currencies, you can simplify the maintenance of exchange rates by specifying a reference currency for a selected exchange rate type. For the exchange rate type involved, you need to specify only the exchange rates of all currencies in relation to the reference currency. After that, all currency conversions are carried out in two steps using the reference currency.To set up conversion, perform the following steps:1. Define translation ratios for currency conversion.

Position the cursor on the table entry with exchange rate typeM and the two currencies that you need to convert. Check if the selected conversion has a deviating exchange rate type.

2. Check exchange rate types.Check whether a reference currency has been entered for the relevant exchange rate type.

3. Enter exchange rates.Position the cursor on a table entry. Enter the exchange rate type and the two currencies. If a reference currency has been entered for the exchange rate type, call the exchange rates of the two currencies in combination with the reference currency.



Maintenance of Exchange Rates

Figure 17: Maintenance of the Exchange Rates

You can maintain exchange rates for each currency pair on a directly or indirectly quoted basis. The type of quotation depends on the market standard. You can define the type of quotation by client and currency pair. Indirect quotation was not required in the past because the exchange rates were determined on a direct quotation basis. The introduction of the dual currency phase of the European Monetary Union (EMU) led to exchange rates being published and indirectly quoted, with reference to the Euro. Indirect quotation is used more frequently in the international field.The following table describes how the system maintains rates for direct and indirect quotations:Type of Quotation DescriptionDirect One unit of foreign currency is quoted for the

local currency.Indirect One unit of local currency is quoted for the

foreign currency.

The following table shows an example of exchange rate translation between USD and EUR:Type of Quotation TranslationDirect USD 1 = EUR 0.80Indirect EUR 1 = USD 1.25



Hint:You can also update exchange rates on a daily basis if you receive the information in electronic form. You can use the IDoc EXCHANGE_RATE or the report RFTBFF00 to do so. SAP note 1286897 describes how you can get exchange rates from the European Central Bank (ECB).

How to Determine Exchange RatesDemonstrate how customers can change Customizing settings and introduce the ways in which customers can adjust the SAP system to meet their companys requirements.1. In Customizing, go to for SAP NetWeaver General Settings Set Countries Define

Countries in my SAP Systems.2. In Customizing, go to SAP NetWeaver General Settings Set Countries Set

Country-Specific Checks. Show and explain the specifications for your country.

3. In Customizing, go to SAP NetWeaver General Settings Currencies Check Exchange Rate Types .

4. In Customizing, go to SAP NetWeaver General Settings Currencies Define Translation Ratios for Currency Translation.

5. In Customizing, go to SAP NetWeaver General Settings Currencies Enter Exchange Rates.Show and explain exchange rate type M. In Europe, also show exchange rate types EURO and EURX. Show the conversation ratios and exchange rates for two currencies of your choice.



Unit 2Exercise 2

29Check Settings for Countries and Currencies

Business ExampleAs the project team member in charge of logistics applications, you are responsible for the general settings, which include the settings for countries and currencies.Check the general settings.1. Which date format and which decimal format are used in Germany (DE)?

Hint:Exchange rate type EURO applies to foreign currency purchase orders that use former European currencies (DEM, FRF, ITL, and so on) if both currencies have been replaced by the Euro (currency EUR). The base currency EUR applies to exchange rate type EURO. As a result, translation rates of the individual currencies only have to be maintained in relation to the currency EUR.

2. Which exchange rate types are used to determine the exchange rates for the following currency pairs?Foreign Currency Local Currency Exchange Rate TypeCHF EUR USD EUR USD CAD

3. Optional: Create the header of a purchase order for vendor 1008.

Which exchange rate is used? What happens if you select the Exch. Rate Fixed checkbox?


Unit 2Solution 2

30Check Settings for Countries and Currencies

Business ExampleAs the project team member in charge of logistics applications, you are responsible for the general settings, which include the settings for countries and currencies.Check the general settings.1. Which date format and which decimal format are used in Germany (DE)?

In Customizing, go to SAP NetWeaver General Settings Set Countries Define Countries in mySAP Systems. Position on country DE and choose Details. The date format in Germany is TT.MM.YYYY. The decimal format in Germany is 1.234.567,89.

Hint:Exchange rate type EURO applies to foreign currency purchase orders that use former European currencies (DEM, FRF, ITL, and so on) if both currencies have been replaced by the Euro (currency EUR). The base currency EUR applies to exchange rate type EURO. As a result, translation rates of the individual currencies only have to be maintained in relation to the currency EUR.

2. Which exchange rate types are used to determine the exchange rates for the following currency pairs?Foreign Currency Local Currency Exchange Rate TypeCHF EUR USD EUR USD CAD

a) In Customizing, go to SAP NetWeaver General Settings Currencies Define Translation Ratios for Currency Translation.

b) Position the cursor on the table entry with exchange rate type M and the two specified currencies. Determine whether a different exchange rate type is used for this currency pair.


Exchange Rate Type

Foreign Currency Local Currency Alternative Exchange Rate Type

M CHF EUR -M USD EUR EURX M USD CAD -

Exchange rate type EURX applies to translations from USD into EUR. Exchange rate type M applies to all other currency conversions.

3. Optional: Create the header of a purchase order for vendor 1008.

Which exchange rate is used? What happens if you select the Exch. Rate Fixed checkbox?

a) On the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Logistics Materials Management Purchasing Purchase Order Create Vendor/Supplying Plant Known(ME21N)

b) Enter vendor 1008 and choose Enter.On the Delivery/Invoice tab page, you can see the exchange rate /0,85345 for currency GBP. This is the indirect quoted exchange rate and means that 0,85345 GBP are equal to 1 EUR.

c) Position on the Exch. Rate Fixed checkbox and press F1 to find out the meaning of this setting. If you select this checkbox, the currency and exchange rate cannot be changed during invoice verification.



LESSON SUMMARYYou should now be able to: Define countries and currencies



Unit 2Lesson 2

33Defining Units of Measurements

LESSON OVERVIEWThis lesson introduces the settings for units of measurement.

Numerous units of measurement are supplied in the SAP system. The goal of the exercise is to teach participants to create new units of measurement. Suitable examples for the demonstration are the units metric tons (dimension of mass) and dozen (non-dimensional). In different enterprises, paper measurements such as ream and sheet are also required.

Business ExampleThe materials management team has discovered that the SAP system does not include all of the units of measurement they need to procure materials and services. They asked you to create several new units of measurement in the SAP system. For this reason, you require the following knowledge: An understanding of how to define a new unit of measurement

LESSON OBJECTIVESAfter completing this lesson, you will be able to: Define a unit of measurement

Units of Measurement and Their Properties

Figure 18: Units of Measurement and Conversion to SI Units


Units of measurement are used in many applications in the SAP system.You need units of measurement to complete the following tasks: To display quantities of goods or services or for output purposes (for example, purchase

orders (PO)). To convert quantities from one unit into another (for example, from kilograms into grams

or centimeters into inches).The units of measurement used in SAP are based on the International System of Units (Systme International dUnits or SI). The SI system is based on seven units of measurement. All other units can be derived from these base units.Standard SAP systems define the units of measurement and the base units in accordance with the SI.Units of measurement that belong to the same measurement category are assigned to dimensions.Dimensions enable you to make conversions between different units of measurement with minimum effort.Every dimension has an SI unit. For example Meter is the SI unit for dimension Length.The standard SAP system includes a pseudo dimension for non-dimensional units of measurement, which has the entry AAAADL and no SI-Unit.Definition of Units of Measurement

Figure 19: Maintenance of Units of Measurement

The figure displays the initial screen used to maintain units of measurement in Customizing.Check that the SAP system includes all of the dimensions that you need in your company.



Dimensions for Units of Measurement

Figure 20: Dimensions for Units of Measurement

The figure shows how the dimension volume relates to the seven basic dimensions. The SI unit for the dimension volume is cubic meter and cannot be changed.Units of Measurement of the Dimension Volume

Figure 21: Units of Measurement of the Dimension Volume

The figure shows the definition of the unit of measurement liter, which is another unit of the dimension volume. The conversion between liter and the SI unit cubic meter is managed with numerator and denominator. One liter is a thousandth part of one cubic meter.

Lesson: Defining Units of Measurements


The numerator and denominator must be whole numbers.The keys for the commercial and technical display as well as the measurement unit texts must be maintained in a language-dependent way.Because there is no SI unit for non-dimensional units of measure, you cannot specify numerators and denominators for the conversion of non-dimensional units of measure. You can store conversion factors for materials with non-dimensional units of measurement in the material master.You can use the following units of measurement in the logistics process as: Order units Purchase order price units Units of issue Sales unitsIf you are working with account commitments, the Value-based commitment checkbox controls how account commitments are cleared.If the checkbox is not selected, commitments are created based on quantity. That means that commitments are cleared when the full order is delivered or the Delivery completed checkbox is selected. Price differences during invoice verification have no influence on commitments.If the checkbox is selected, commitments are created based on value; the system automatically clears the commitments only for purchase order items with valuated goods receipt. If a purchase order item has no goods receipt or non-valuated goods receipt and the invoiced price is less than the purchase order price, you have to clear the commitments manually by selecting the Final Invoice checkbox during invoice entry or later, in the purchase order.

How to Define Units of MeasurementFor demonstration steps and data, see the exercise Define a Unit of Measurement.

In Customizing, go to SAP NetWeaver General settings Check Units of Measurement. Show the following: Specifications for the dimensions mass and volume. Units of measurement for the dimensions mass and volume.Define a new unit of measurement for example, a non-dimensional one.Show how to maintain language-dependent descriptions and abbreviations for units of measurement (for example, in German or French).



Unit 2Exercise 3

37Define a Unit of Measurement

Business ExampleAs the project team member in charge of logistics applications, you are responsible for general settings. You need to create units of measurement for a product family that is being added to your product range.Set up a unit of measurement for packs that will also be used to transmit purchase orders using EDI.1. Define a new ISO code Z## with the text ##-pack.

Optional:Translate the language-dependent text into German: ##-Packung.

2. Create a new non-dimensional unit of measure for packs. Use the key P## as the internal key for your unit of measurement. The commercial and technical identifiers are also P##. Enter the texts GR##-pack ("long form") and GR##-PA (short form) for the unit of measurement. The new unit of measurement must be available for commercial transactions. Assign the ISO code Z## to the unit. Specify that no decimal places are to displayed.

3. Optional: Specify that in the case of purchase orders issued in German, your new unit of measurement will be displayed with the key P## and the descriptions ##-Packung (long form) and ##-PA (short form).

4. Can you define the following conversion factor between the units of measurement piece (PC) and pack so that it is generally applicable? 10 pc = 1 P## Give reasons for your answer.

5. Test the new unit of measurement by creating a new purchase order.Maintain your personal settings for processing purchase orders. Specify that you always want to create purchase orders with the purchasing group Z##, the purchasing organization 1000 (IDES Deutschland) and the company code 1000 (IDES AG).Create a purchase order for vendor T-K500A##.Use plant 1000 (Hamburg), and material group 001 (metal processing).Order 100 PC of a consumable material (that is, a material for direct consumption without a master record) for cost center 1000.The order price is EUR 50 per pack (P##). Specify that 10 PC = 1 pack (P##).


Choose Print Preview and check that the correct text for the unit of measurement appears in your purchase order. Then save your purchase order.

Purchase order number:

Note:Ensure you are in the English-language SAP session, and that the German-language session is minimized but not closed.

6. Optional: Compare commitments based on unit of measurement.Create a purchase order for vendor 1000. Use account assignment category K, material group 001, and plant 1000.In the first item, order something with quantity 1 PC for cost center 1000, at a price of EUR 1000. On the Delivery tab page, deselect the Goods Receipt checkbox.Copy the first item and change the unit of measurement in the second item to 1 each (EA).Save the purchase order and check the commitments. Then enter the invoice.The vendor charges EUR 950 for every item.Post the invoice and check the commitments in your purchase order.How can you clear the commitments for the second item?



Unit 2Solution 3

39Define a Unit of Measurement

Business ExampleAs the project team member in charge of logistics applications, you are responsible for general settings. You need to create units of measurement for a product family that is being added to your product range.Set up a unit of measurement for packs that will also be used to transmit purchase orders using EDI.1. Define a new ISO code Z## with the text ##-pack.

Optional:Translate the language-dependent text into German: ##-Packung.a) In Customizing, go to SAP NetWeaver General settings Check Units of

Measurement (CUNI).b) Choose the ISO codes button.c) Choose the New Entries button.d) Create a new entry Z## with the text ##-pack.e) Save your entries.f) Return to the overview of ISO codes. Choose Z## and then choose

Goto Translation.g) Choose the language DE, then choose Enter. Enter ##-Packung as the German name

and choose Continue.h) Save your entries.

2. Create a new non-dimensional unit of measure for packs. Use the key P## as the internal key for your unit of measurement. The commercial and technical identifiers are also P##. Enter the texts GR##-pack ("long form") and GR##-PA (short form) for the unit of measurement. The new unit of measurement must be available for commercial transactions. Assign the ISO code Z## to the unit. Specify that no decimal places are to displayed.a) In Customizing, go to SAP NetWeaver General settings Check Units of

Measurement (CUNI).b) In the field beside the Units of Measurement button, enter (no dimensions).c) Choose the Create button.d) On the Create Units of Measurement of Dimension (no dimensions): Details screen,

enter the following data:


Field Name ValueInt. meas. unit P##Commercial P##Technical P##ISO code Z##Measurement unit text (first row) GR##-packMeasurement unit text (second row) GR##-PA

e) Select the Commercial meas. unit checkbox.

Note:Since decimal places are not suitable for this unit of measurement, leave the Decimal places field empty.

f) Save your entries.3. Optional: Specify that in the case of purchase orders issued in German, your new unit of

measurement will be displayed with the key P## and the descriptions ##-Packung (long form) and ##-PA (short form).a) Open SAP Logon and log on to the system in German. Do not close your first session.

In the Lizenzinformation bei Mehrfachanmeldung dialog box, choose the middle option Mit dieser Anmeldung fortfahren....

b) In Customizing, go to SAP NetWeaver Allgemeine Einstellungen Maeinheiten berprfen .

c) In the field beside the Maenheiten button, enter (dimensionslos), then choose Maenheiten.

d) Select your unit of measurement (internal key P##) and choose Detail.e) Enter 00-Packung in the Maenheitentext group box (first line).f) Enter 00-PA in the Maenheitentext group box (second line).

g) Save your entries and choose Back to return to the previous screen.Do not make a new entry. Do not exit your second (German language) session until you have completed the exercise.

4. Can you define the following conversion factor between the units of measurement piece (PC) and pack so that it is generally applicable? 10 pc = 1 P## Give reasons for your answer.

No. The units of measurement PC and pack are both non-dimensional. For this reason, you do not need to enter the conversion factor for the units of measurement in Customizing, but rather in the respective applications (material master record, info record, and purchase orders).

5. Test the new unit of measurement by creating a new purchase order.



Maintain your personal settings for processing purchase orders. Specify that you always want to create purchase orders with the purchasing group Z##, the purchasing organization 1000 (IDES Deutschland) and the company code 1000 (IDES AG).Create a purchase order for vendor T-K500A##.Use plant 1000 (Hamburg), and material group 001 (metal processing).Order 100 PC of a consumable material (that is, a material for direct consumption without a master record) for cost center 1000.The order price is EUR 50 per pack (P##). Specify that 10 PC = 1 pack (P##).Choose Print Preview and check that the correct text for the unit of measurement appears in your purchase order. Then save your purchase order.

Purchase order number:

Note:Ensure you are in the English-language SAP session, and that the German-language session is minimized but not closed.

a) On the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Logistics Materials Management Purchasing Purchase Order Create Vendor/Supplying Plant Known (ME21N).

b) Choose the Personal Setting button.c) Choose the Default Values tab page.d) On the Default Values tab page, enter the following data:

Field ValueDocument Type Standard PO NBPurchasing Org. IDES DeutschlandPurch. Group SCM500-##

e) Select your unit of measurement (internal key P##) and choose Detail.f) Enter 00-Packung in the Maenheitentext group box (first line).

g) Enter 00-PA in the Maenheitentext group box (second line).h) Save your entries and choose Back to return to the previous page.i) On the Create Purchase Order screen, enter the vendor number, then choose

Continue.j) In the Item Overview screen area, in the first row, enter the account assignment

category K and make entries in the fields Short Text, PO Quantity, OUn, Net Price, OPU (P##), and Material Group.



k) On the Account Assignment tab page, enter the cost center.l) On the Quantities/Weights tab page, enter the conversion factor in the item details.

m) Choose the Print Preview button.You see the name of the unit of measurement (short form) as defined in Customizing.

n) Exit the print preview and save your purchase order.6. Optional: Compare commitments based on unit of measurement.

Create a purchase order for vendor 1000. Use account assignment category K, material group 001, and plant 1000.In the first item, order something with quantity 1 PC for cost center 1000, at a price of EUR 1000. On the Delivery tab page, deselect the Goods Receipt checkbox.Copy the first item and change the unit of measurement in the second item to 1 each (EA).Save the purchase order and check the commitments. Then enter the invoice.The vendor charges EUR 950 for every item.Post the invoice and check the commitments in your purchase order.How can you clear the commitments for the second item?a) On the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Logistics Materials Management

Purchasing Purchase Order Create Vendor/Supplying Plant Known (ME21N).

b) In the first item, enter the following data:Field Name or Data Type ValueAccount Assignment Category KShort Text Any textPO Quantity 1OUn PCNet Price 1000Currency EURMatl Group 001Plnt 1000

c) On the Account Assignment tab page, enter Cost Center 1000.d) On the Delivery tab page, deselect the Goods Receipt checkbox.e) Select (Copy Item) and change the order unit in the second item to EA (each).

Save the purchase order.f) To check the commitments, choose (Other Purchase Order), then choose Other

Document. Choose Environment Document Item AC Commitment Documents.For both items there is a commitment of EUR 1000.



g) On the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Logistics Materials Management Logistics Invoice Verification Document Entry Enter Invoice (MIRO).

h) Enter your company code and press ENTER.i) Enter your purchase order number and press ENTER.j) Change the item amount to EUR 950. Select the Calculate tax checkbox in the header.

k) In the Amount field, in the header, enter the combined value of the two POs and the tax amount (2090).

l) Post the invoice.m) On the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Logistics Materials Management

Purchasing Purchase Order Display (ME23N).n) Choose Environment Document Item AC Commitment Documents in the menu.

The commitment for the first item is cleared, whereas there is still an open amount of EUR 50 for the second item.

o) To clear the commitment, switch to the change mode of the purchase order and go to the Invoice tab page of the second item.

p) Select the Final Invoice checkbox and save your changes.Check the commitments once again. Now the commitments for both items are cleared.



LESSON SUMMARYYou should now be able to: Define a unit of measurement



Unit 2Lesson 3

45Setting Up a Factory Calendar

LESSON OVERVIEWThis lesson familiarizes you with the definition and details of factory calendars.

This lesson explains the relationships between public holidays, public holiday calendars, and factory calendars. Create special rules (for example, vacation shutdown) in the factory calendar and explain that different calendars can be maintained for each work center. You also need separate calendars in which the settlement dates are set out for end-of-period volume rebate arrangements.

Business ExampleYour company needs a calendar that distinguishes between workdays and non-workdays in order to conduct requirements planning and check delivery dates in purchasing. For this reason, you require the following knowledge: An understanding of how to set up a factory calendar

LESSON OBJECTIVESAfter completing this lesson, you will be able to: Set up a factory calendar

Calendar Structure

Figure 22: Maintain and Assign Factory Calendar


Holiday calendars and factory calendars are central elements of the SAP system.You can use holiday calendars and factory calendars as standard in many areas (for example, in Logistics and in Human Resources Management).Calendar maintenance covers the following steps: Public holidays

You define rules for calculating the date and can assign a public holiday to a religious denomination

Public holiday calendarYou assign public holidays to holiday calendars in accordance with legal requirements

Factory calendarYou define working days by selecting the weekdays while considering special rules and the assignment of a specific public holiday calendar

Several departments (such as material requirements planning and production) use factory calendars.The factory calendar specifies which calendar days are working days.Factory calendars are created in several steps and can be assigned to plants or work centers.You can use special rules in a factory calendar to make allowances for vacation shutdowns and similar situations. Special rules also enable you to define the dates when settlement accounting for rebate arrangements will take place, or the dates for which you want to generate an invoicing plan.

Caution:The definition of calendars is client-independent.



Definition of a Factory Calendar

Figure 23: Definition of a Factory Calendar

This figure shows the details of a factory calendar.Definition of Special Rules

Figure 24: Definition of Special Rules

If you set up end-of-period volume rebate arrangements with your vendors, you will conduct interim or final settlement accounting on certain dates. You must specify these dates in the form of special rules. Quarterly settlement of volume rebate arrangements necessitates the special rules, as shown in this figure.You can also enter your companys vacation shutdown as a special rule.

Lesson: Setting Up a Factory Calendar


Hint:You cannot create vendor-specific special rules (such as vacation shutdown in the vendors company) in the SAP ERP system. This function is available in SAP Supply Chain Management (SAP SCM).As well as the factory calendar, you can also use planning calendars.Planning calendars are located on the SAP Easy Access screen under Logistics Production MRP Master Data Planning Calendar Create Periods (MD25). You can maintain planning calendars for material requirements planning and to define a planning cycle or for scheduling. You can also use planning calendars during the scheduling agreements process in materials management(MM). During the scheduling agreements process, planning calendars can be a part of a release creation profile.

How to Set Up a Factory CalendarThis demonstration shows how customers can adjust the SAP system to meet the requirements of their company.1. Show and explain the specifications for individual public holidays, a public holiday

calendar, and factory calendar 01.Show and explain one of the calendars used for end-of-period volume rebate settlement (for instance, the factory calendar AM).a) In Customizing, go toSAP NetWeaver General settings Maintain Calendar.b) Select the Public holidays radio button. Choose the Display button. Return to the SAP

Calendar: Main Menu screen.c) Select the Holiday calendar radio button. Choose the Display button. Return to the SAP

Calendar: Main Menu screen.d) Select the Factory calendar radio button. Choose the Display button. Return to the SAP

Calendar: Main Menu screen.e) Choose 01 Factory calendar Germany standard, then choose the Definition button.f) Choose Special Rules. Return to the SAP Calendar: Main Menu screen.

g) Select the Factory calendar radio button. Choose Display.h) Select the factory calendar with the ID AM Agreement: Monthly and choose the Display

Definition button.2. Define a factory calendar (ZZ) of your own with special rules.

a) In Customizing, go to SAP NetWeaver General settings Maintain Calendar.b) Select the Factory calendar radio button. Choose the Change button.c) On the Change Factory Calendar: Overview screen, choose the Create button.d) Enter the Factory Calendar ID ZZ, a name, and the Holiday Calendar ID 08. Save your

entries.



e) Choose Save, then choose Continue in the Change Factory Calendar: Details dialog box.

f) Choose Special Rules and then choose the Create button.g) Enter any date from the next year in the From Date and To Date fields.h) Enter Text for your special rule.i) Choose the Create button. Save the special rule.j) Return to the Change Factory Calendar: Overview screen and choose Display Calendar.

Select the following year and choose the Display Year button.



Unit 2Exercise 4

49Set Up a Factory Calendar

Business ExampleYour company needs factory calendars in order to schedule various business processes. You are investigating whether you can use an existing factory calendar and how you can adjust it.Maintain Public Holiday and Factory CalendarsFill in the blanks below to explain why the task described in each sentence is either client-specific or cross-client.1. The definitions of public holidays and public holiday calendars are ___________ because

___________ public holidays and public holiday calendars are needed in all clients.Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence.

2. The assignment of a factory calendar to a plant is ___________ because the system creates plants for ___________ client.Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence.

Check Customizing Settings for Factory CalendarsCheck the Customizing settings for factory calendars. If necessary, define a factory calendar of your own.


1. You wish to use the factory calendar with the ID 01 for the procurement process and to specify delivery dates in your plant. Take a closer look at this calendar and answer the following questions:

Which public holiday calendar is assigned to it?

Have special rules been created for this year?

Which public holidays occur in June 2015?

2. Optional:Create a new factory calendar with the calendar ID according to the table below. Use the public holiday calendar 08. Specify an additional day of your choice that will be work free next year. Check through Display Year whether this day is now indeed flagged as work free.Group Calendar ID00 X001 X102 X203 X3... ...09 X910 XA11 XB12 XC

Group Calendar ID13 XD14 XE15 XF16 XG



Group Calendar ID17 XH18 XI19 XJ20 XK21 XL

Group Calendar ID22 XM23 XN24 XO25 XP26 XQ27 XR28 XS29 XT30 XU

Hint:To maintain and assign calendars on the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Logistics Production Capacity Planning Available Capacity Factory Calendar (OP03).



Unit 2Solution 4

52Set Up a Factory Calendar

Business ExampleYour company needs factory calendars in order to schedule various business processes. You are investigating whether you can use an existing factory calendar and how you can adjust it.Maintain Public Holiday and Factory CalendarsFill in the blanks below to explain why the task described in each sentence is either client-specific or cross-client.1. The definitions of public holidays and public holiday calendars are ___________ because

___________ public holidays and public holiday calendars are needed in all clients.Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence.a) cross-client, the same

In Customizing, you go to SAP NetWeaver General settings Maintain Calendar.The definitions for public holidays and calendars are cross-client. Changes to public holidays and public holiday calendars are only allowed in Customizing and are immediately visible in all clients.

2. The assignment of a factory calendar to a plant is ___________ because the system creates plants for ___________ client.Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence.a) client-specific, one

The assignment of a factory calendar to a plant (or also to a work center in production planning) is client-specific.Plants and work centers are defined for specific clients. Therefore, you can only specify the attributes of the plants and work centers on a client-specific basis.

Check Customizing Settings for Factory CalendarsCheck the Customizing settings for factory calendars. If necessary, define a factory calendar of your own.


1. You wish to use the factory calendar with the ID 01 for the procurement process and to specify delivery dates in your plant. Take a closer look at this calendar and answer the following questions:

Which public holiday calendar is assigned to it?

Have special rules been created for this year?

Which public holidays occur in June 2015?

a) In Customizing, go to SAP NetWeaver General settings Maintain Calendar.b) Select the Factory calendar radio button. Choose the Display button.c) Select the factory calendar with the ID 01 and choose the Display Definition button.

The factory calendar 01 references the public holiday calendar with the ID 08.d) Choose the Special rules button.

No special rules have been defined for the current year.e) Return to the SAP Calendar: Main Menu screen.f) Select the Holiday calendar radio button. Choose the Display button.

g) Select the public holiday calendar 08 and choose the Display Calendar button. Choose the year 2015 and then choose the Display Year button.Public holidays in May 2015 are on the 1st, 14th, 24th, and 25th.

2. Optional:Create a new factory calendar with the calendar ID according to the table below. Use the public holiday calendar 08. Specify an additional day of your choice that will be work free next year. Check through Display Year whether this day is now indeed flagged as work free.Group Calendar ID00 X001 X102 X203 X3... ...09 X9



Group Calendar ID10 XA11 XB12 XC

Group Calendar ID13 XD14 XE15 XF16 XG17 XH18 XI19 XJ20 XK21 XL

Group Calendar ID22 XM23 XN24 XO25 XP26 XQ27 XR28 XS29 XT30 XU

a) In Customizing, go to SAP NetWeaver General settings Maintain Calendar. b) Select the Factory calendar radio button. Choose the Change button.c) On the Change Factory Calendar: Overview screen, choose the Create button.d) Enter the Factory Calendar ID X#, Y#, or Z#, a name, and the Holiday Calendar ID 08.

Choose Save, then Continue.e) Choose the Special rules button and then choose the Create button.f) Enter any date from the next year in the From Date field. Enter any date from the

following year To Date fields.



g) Enter a value (for example, company anniversary) for your special rule in the Text field.h) Choose the Create button. Save the special rule.i) Return to the Change Factory Calendar: Overview screen and choose the Display

Calendar button. Choose the year in which your factory calendar begins and then choose the Display Year button.

Hint:To maintain and assign calendars on the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Logistics Production Capacity Planning Available Capacity Factory Calendar (OP03).



LESSON SUMMARYYou should now be able to: Set up a factory calendar



Unit 2

57Learning Assessment

1. Which of the following options can you specify for a country in the SAP system?Choose the correct answers.

X A Date format

X B Time zone

X C Length of postal code

X D Length of vendor names

2. On which organizational level do you define countries?Choose the correct answer.

X A Client

X B Plant

X C Purchasing organization

X D Company code

3. Which exchange rate type is normally used in materials management?Choose the correct answer.

X A EUR

X B EURX

X C M

X D 0001


4. On which organizational level do you maintain exchange rates?Choose the correct answer.

X A Plant

X B Purchasing organization

X C Company code

X D Client

5. Units of measurement that measure the same magnitude and thus can be converted into each other are assigned to:Choose the correct answer.

X A Unit groups

X B Dimensions

X C Measurement groups

X D ISO codes

6. Which of the following options is a requirement for using units of measurement in an Electronic Data Interface (EDI) process?Choose the correct answer.

X A SI unit

X B ISO code

X C Translation in all system languages

X D Less than 3 decimal places

7. Which checkbox must be selected for a unit of measurement to be used in purchasing?Choose the correct answer.

X A Value-based commitment

X B Primary Code

X C Commercial Measurement Unit

X D SI Unit

Unit 2: Learning Assessment


8. On which organizational level do you define base units of measurement in the material master?Choose the correct answer.

X A Plant

X B Company Code

X C Purchasing Organization

X D Client

9. Special rules in calendars can be created for each _________.Choose the correct answer.

X A Holiday calendar

X B Factory calendar

X C Planning calendar

X D Work center

10. To which of the following can factory calendars be assigned?Choose the correct answers.

X A Plants

X B Storage locations

X C Work centers

X D Company codes

11. For which of the following can Planning Calendars be used?Choose the correct answer.

X A Creation of purchase orders

X B Creation of MRP profiles

X C Creation of release creation profiles

X D Creation of contracts



12. At which organizational levels do you create factory calendars?Choose the correct answer.

X A Company code

X B Plant

X C Work center

X D Client



Unit 2

61Learning Assessment - Answers

1. Which of the following options can you specify for a country in the SAP system?Choose the correct answers.

X A Date format

X B Time zone

X C Length of postal code

X D Length of vendor names

2. On which organizational level do you define countries?Choose the correct answer.

X A Client

X B Plant

X C Purchasing organization

X D Company code

3. Which exchange rate type is normally used in materials management?Choose the correct answer.

X A EUR

X B EURX

X C M

X D 0001


4. On which organizational level do you maintain exchange rates?Choose the correct answer.

X A Plant

X B Purchasing organization

X C Company code

X D Client

5. Units of measurement that measure the same magnitude and thus can be converted into each other are assigned to:Choose the correct answer.

X A Unit groups

X B Dimensions

X C Measurement groups

X D ISO codes

6. Which of the following options is a requirement for using units of measurement in an Electronic Data Interface (EDI) process?Choose the correct answer.

X A SI unit

X B ISO code

X C Translation in all system languages

X D Less than 3 decimal places

7. Which checkbox must be selected for a unit of measurement to be used in purchasing?Choose the correct answer.

X A Value-based commitment

X B Primary Code

X C Commercial Measurement Unit

X D SI Unit

Unit 2: Learning Assessment - Answers


8. On which organizational level do you define base units of measurement in the material master?Choose the correct answer.

X A Plant

X B Company Code

X C Purchasing Organization

X D Client

9. Special rules in calendars can be created for each _________.Choose the correct answer.

X A Holiday calendar

X B Factory calendar

X C Planning calendar

X D Work center

10. To which of the following can factory calendars be assigned?Choose the correct answers.

X A Plants

X B Storage locations

X C Work centers

X D Company codes

11. For which of the following can Planning Calendars be used?Choose the correct answer.

X A Creation of purchase orders

X B Creation of MRP profiles

X C Creation of release creation profiles

X D Creation of contracts



12. At which organizational levels do you create factory calendars?Choose the correct answer.

X A Company code

X B Plant

X C Work center

X D Client



UNIT 3 Organizational Units

Lesson 1Defining Organizational Units in Materials Management 70

Exercise 5: Define Organizational Units in Purchasing 75

Lesson 2Defining and Assigning Plants 80

Exercise 6: Set Up a New Plant 91

UNIT OBJECTIVES Define organizational units in accounting and purchasing Define and assign plants


Unit 3Lesson 1

66Defining Organizational Units in Materials Management

LESSON OVERVIEWThis lesson covers the definition of the various organizational levels in materials management and provides an overview of the relationships between them.The lesson also explains the possible relationships of the purchasing organization with a client.

Demonstrate the reference relationships among purchasing organizations using an example.

Business ExampleYou need to represent a new production location as a separate plant. At the moment, the new plant does not have its own purchasing department. Therefore, the purchasing organization of your existing plant must also create purchase orders for the new plant.In addition, the existing contracts and conditions negotiated by the central purchasing organization also apply to the new plant. For this reason, you require the following knowledge: An understanding of the relationships between the organizational levels of materials

management and their environment An understanding of the significance of the purchasing organization and the reference

purchasing organization

LESSON OBJECTIVESAfter completing this lesson, you will be able to: Define organizational units in accounting and purchasing


Organizational Units in Accounting

Figure 25: Company Code

In the SAP system, you must set up the organizational levels for accounting even if your company uses a different system for this accounting function. You need a controlling area and have to set up a company code in the SAP system for each independent company. You can also define business areas for internal financial statements.The company code is the smallest organizational unit in external accounting for which you can replicate a complete, self-contained bookkeeping system. This system includes the recording of all accounting-relevant events and the production of all legally required final statements of accounts, such as balance sheets and profit and loss (P&L) statements.Among other things, the following options are specified for each company code: The company address The chart of accounts (list of general ledger accounts) The local currency (the currency used in a company code in which the local books are kept,

usually the national currency) The fiscal year variant (specification of the periods and special periods of a fiscal year) The controlling area The determination whether balance sheets are also to be created at the business area levelYou define a company code in Customizing for Enterprise Structure under Definition Financial Accounting. You also specify the company address, country, language, and currency of the company code.Assign the chart of accounts in Customizing for Financial Accounting (New) under Financial Accounting Global Settings (New) Global Parameters Company Code Enter Global Parameters.

Lesson: Defining Organizational Units in Materials Management


You can set up business areas within your company to differentiate between various fields of activity or areas of responsibility. You define the business areas in Customizing for Enterprise Structure under Definition Financial Accounting Define Business Area.The controlling area is an organizational unit within a company for which you can carry out complete, self-contained cost accounting. A controlling area can cover one or more company codes. The associated company codes must all use the same operative chart of accounts.You assign a company code to a controlling area in Customizing for Enterprise Structure under Assignment Controlling.Purchasing Organizations

Figure 26: Purchasing Organizations

A purchasing organization is an organizational unit within logistics that subdivides a company according to the purchasing requirements.A purchasing organization performs the following tasks: Procures materials or services Negotiates purchase conditions with vendorsYou specify the procurement form by assigning purchasing organizations to company codes (optional) and plants (mandatory).The following table describes the forms of procurement:Forms of Procurement DescriptionAcross a corporate group A purchasing organization procures for more

than one client company codeCompany-specific A purchasing organization procures for just

one company code

Unit 3: Organizational Units


Forms of Procurement DescriptionPlant-specific A purchasing organization procures for one

plant

There can also be mixed forms of procurement.When organizing your purchasing functions, please observet: Each purchasing organization has its own info records and conditions for price

determination. Each purchasing organization has its own purchasing data and partner roles in the vendor

master record. Each purchasing organization evaluates its vendors separately with MM Vendor Evaluation. All the items of a purchasing document, such as a request for quotation (RFQ), a purchase

order (PO), a contract, and a scheduling agreement, must have the same purchasing organization.

The purchasing organization is the highest summation level for purchasing statistics after the organizational level Client.

The purchasing organization is a selection criterion for lists of all purchasing documents.Purchasing Organization and Purchasing GroupA purchasing organization is functionally responsible for purchase transactions and the negotiation of purchase conditions.Central purchasing organizations that only create central contracts (strategic purchasing organizations) do not need to be assigned t