4J2F

]

S

nu gmi DNAlsniiivsodbu

C/ K/

h ditoconra

.SA..8U30

tesl h llngresearcersusua,ionmil lf ltseveopopuahtlna ix ytioltesoudenhd iosprovtgme orindlbiu

ftyoili

io

zon

ia

Ch dA wE.we 4L

re

Ab

t tapureWe pa oe ma gP ns

iversan

ionsareuseltais

Jgtma ns

B b LT l S Jarara ayor usan. , .

l泊c dt lr teamu ocits

spec-Casehit tecnque

ing.

n d Di

h tespah ittesses

liL

h

t tsrac

d leveo

i

S tou

tpo

Ets

hylsngiiivsonudbu

n dn

bteionitaff terenidicna

weei it tsunceranyht tcapure

ionsh ltepopuagt

pe1 Tpe versus yTs y

ntelnmentureCJltr Wh ix gbwee

i tonsarenota]ree

tteecicsuseitsi fttoraseresosa dtod

t ternae) la,ionh ltepopua

i fonoii tssaques

h i fessotpo

isbtu)peryear

icaltecauseanayf ienerequencesff ierencesidll ng ･B lt

leve. tsarepresene

h h h ieresearcercoosnmj daorr

toesnonec tttaei2err hd ess ganαllicF hcurvesw,ascixaw

d ftorraeopan

heac(ic

ndtecej'bereH tocannohtaitsth leresunt ･I heseareasbtei lspersadfI"k:eii lonstues weent

hrsuc see

nstrilcapoit tttesas we oa we

tionsarepanmPltuaOP-I).H(h iesstpohy ic

2lla,CA9h Di L Jores rve ao,Sa]Jlao

hyhenthtat ull

opubterenceseil ldseve,ht.i fitonovewionarma yp At iff weenpltevoun

inlai btecsze,hetsicwhhi eff ysmpion,itterena

around1%

ioPltuaO

lf teveogeneallh teacui Tons.i ltvepopuah ttepuatb d faunancesot.fdiricb f tecauseogene We

?ldttaveeecelutilih bbeproaits yIwo dh di"Th

leioltopua

forexaBienn

i i ftcponovt tneresehgrap

tede

ftsareo ni dind gp nsrowfma mo iew( mpi ilonssoltpopua

het,"Bcancei Hi inesgnfe

rilcapoitsttags we

dinP tarereseneingh ittessestpoy

bbroai f 5canceoafi igni Snefe %p

od iolt t teecpopuail tcapoweritsh ttesa

inf l lt toranceocacuahiet mp

06ihi Si C 8tserescence ener,Fts

f ･T dinohoseCor

usel l fevesoerteih teest

err ntodma ms nh

inlpwef dttroreecoicait tttesas

itfResul leve.-

no medf na ltioragvetecejrelytec

id luaiivh idernto nt

htmeihrougi i tonsvaresltopua

tlevecajtiseacr l1 od

utt ndiffhtme･E htme idpero

ioiac

hl lf lteeveopopuaihroug

baot l i lltvauescacuaedf-ap

itshoti d lspapereveopsahT me dtoe ma

ioh teproporitrsilcapoweitstta

ullnsd lua

nitng

t t :rucurelh fquacanceohasane maiividn nytiw ha

･Ofnsh

tetr

t trucureheanslkonot toraniitsi iscaset mp wt we oq

hersff bt terencesuraid maitenec

ns n Siiivsodbu

b iorngpihneg

fioiscEdrhflorur ussno

ti :ngsht he

hesearcerscllipcay yr hoo

htd drepensonilcapoitsStta we ree

･)50･(oinj tecrefllasey gH α≡0

ioh b lt tesesaoupopuatpohy

ioltpopua

ioh i lterespopuat)--AH(h iesstpohy

･)7991

isiloog

ion

i bon

d trouc

C tonserva

(In

tasonepercenperyear,

dq ･F

tar,

ionszotues

ilcapoweitsttsa

T layor

w wh

良Di n(

h frodg

igixehf

h iieprecsoitecszean

l1eTba

eff dt

.T

ielpap

4

ioni f ltesopopuadtullt tocacuaelten)i tsnoc,P- urr yn dins

JF

ht

SC/2K/

derrorpeTy 1e ma wi

SihSe

ht

) de

rpo-

d iiecso

tilibbproa

nma wi

y1 P( we

tCe汀Co

tpohynitesnheW･lo nt ga ull

ltesilcailsf lt tosaR lesu

tyαiliP bbroa

h deresourceaninttproec gtlr e,九

i･tecsze (izeio

ei ltvepopuaisc

ff tecalldeff

ne ns N)

eeasyluionitaff teren wo db

hionwitaff tereniidctgeneff ierencesnidll it

DNA[mtDNA]

Hoj tecReHoj tectore

ilcapoweitstta

iontgenera

ionltpopua

lso fora)500･0-

na

iirecsonigneedh hp

-f dunertilih bbeproaitors yo

i lcaits errfttpesosa

heresourceinttproec gt ･S

on

orry1

d iiecsonll

teciibbproa

D

Ctr ma ith

H｡ 2err ma wih

dew

tdeorpeTy]ifsase

hetei ingusitstsbecoti ieaserheh teses,tpo meod hbweentyweenhff bterenceeih de

t tsrucure.

h t tegreaerT

h diloconraormiefid df it

htai l ttspersaraedsa

hei ft mtaeroff teren

ioitaff terenidhtattoe

i lfspersaodluad durn epenson

a(ric

lsote,

ii

b teef touresh iieprecsodepensoloweras)year1･O

ntme we nann%/ ･P od nt no ma whhint

tyear1ti ispersn

N

io

io

ltpopua

ifllsase

t tgranpergenera

hta

FTs

hesa

lvove,

f tveror,o

t nei tons

lly

ltopua

itsica

llo

tttteecsa1

lwou

fmeotit

nt ys

000wiho mi n(da wp oe =1

od ･H we me nd ga %/ wiha0y

anodbt tueeignff ierenceiidsh nma weenH dHA

dsoFTs)1391n( )dpeen

mo

ora0-sT ･FFttraa

ic

tn

),

deiivdbu diotwos

m-1 wh hi

2Nm +I

itti lcuffi od

TFsionitaff terenidl lfeveome (

whttatxpec weill

iiil lf tseveogeneh3 T./ cd

rolotxpecltconsequeni lspersa,igilvepanmltreaic

yh hd we ye wpwe･N

ff ･erenceidllhes

lcanasoe

indtteec gt ma

dreceluihc5,00･0FT-sears, wh wo db muhmo

texpecsBecause0.-h FTcasew ere sict we ma

oloui lspersawdhta dneedt

1

-α

ioitaff terenidic

ro

h fanceo

lotexpec

agooavet

ecause

)l ieszel iesze

aig

sa

(h

mp ･B we wpwewe

hsmp oh dc

yPtilibbproa

･Poss me dgZTsall il teogcaoucobilleTba

yt err1pehTe yfyoover-tilih bbeproaitors

tihg(lafsor'ihtg mu Wr

1(gH｡inj tecyreltCe汀fco

nc nbiloogiotonserva2errhTe ype

It

i ft tecszeorgenedeffh teexpeceT

hesaitaba

b dunancedlou

d depenso0,1fo

na ･Too nt000W ment

if5ra

ioi ltcpopuatcmi

hp ･Twer)oigh(

i lspersa良P mb

dd m)lau(Wr(

Tkhtaaaaan( 5)):891i

yotilibbproa

氏) ni ypra

ltpopua

an

1,fno

d llea

io

euis｡H

Hq

山esespohy

2

4J/CS F2K/

we yc ?F

%/ ･Maybna ns

in

iloog

i Cl lt trs acua,

n"year io

l l dtacuae

b lt toupopuals

ilnetrroutpo'

htats

･ig

i lspersadhl lfeeveowt

t ternaelaicfwe lS S irrequreapec

lllesfeh h lersaveonl teoiichrployil i hocare£tesoilltcrosae me glllyp mo wh ya wa e,

heff itecszeit tneresi l ftspersaraeohde

･T

iHc A:fS ipec-

h dteexpece

isr.ionsarebtui itsrninF

poo Th

ogous]heanator

duse ).989

tod i desgnedlenmo

han hoset

000.h fero

5t

ilcaitsi fttonsosalltecausecacua

bacllfTfreoea konanon

d tueoihrougl ty,i一catma htme

eowicaitsfttsa lp T

htahoweS)prin(･l t】ayorea ess dttsicion,itaff tereni whhiidchl lf teeveogene

i ionszef l lt tecounequapopua

rl ltacuaepobi hvousoi ltaedimme yo wtoc wei tsnoti itecsze

it t tncorporaeourunceranyneedtoi

dlehewer･T mo

lebroeconwc no

)良Di npess･As dp mirizon,d Htoesnoao

T 】ayor;

lnyiccoitstta mmoB tenze

i ionsl ltacuaepo

t tucuadtnme

h iecr

Ora

frorant

hot

t trucureft taccounsore

d lltan cacuaespot

)dso

i l tspersarae(

dilca

oc

t

mP l8 nens wiht

t ter we ysHu neall n1

iobtui itsrh derth itanettoe

imal.

fiff terenid 中sT =

Fsi d l fxevaueolfe T(

tk ieseditrficf togene ma

topbsu-

2Ro,99B 1er2E fxco,991 ff&

leorexamlocff terenidf hF p,

oneO tnoJ'il llareaeasonrh iepr

hi terspaf iuencegenerequences

ionsanh b d f lteaunancesopopuathtats･T mayr

dt

elrcouletepoi

iasts

b dtecapurew

hi tecnque

ht tacannof i tenerequences itha

mp mont oe ma we db

ionsl tcaequajllnay

htadlte

fortounoacc

heters

h d dtesanar arani fonotih tees]ht tarequredltes

n T

ma mayp me ･Tlldtaaheftoionhit ttenerprea wi

hiert

ioltcua]a

itecszeit tunceraningtncorpora ylneff

ioltai icsfiPCe5-lSerrequreacaseilcapowitsttsa mu

fcsodynailaten mi

gp

is ondthe

knoto

o

dtsantureClltr

ratedt nv ndid fare o,

itsnoasIT eff wa ngitecszeheh tus,)la･igF(ditrfic

lreveae

tgene

･Ti f lionsareoequaszell 】tpopuahtts aa

lereco

ioltevou

cbe

dpeantery,

muhmo mpxt

no

ne lp ns mp ot

mu dt mioe effhetnexa

tt toran

ionsuselta

i iizes

h iesh ter,

ioltopua

F turff iteecsze.

quau

hquewh lteeclltttusraeie mi it

iod f ltesoevouff terenmoi

)b1ig.F( ･Bi flonovauesbtuiitsrh derabt tura)ere

rilcapoho o

if tttssatae･Sme wwe

no we･N

elourwoicaits･Cl lpwe dbl ttearysa,icprocessh ht tesocasthta

uci tonsbtui itsrdilcaitsft ttsosa hdi os

ioltaiisnleh btapro mbyu gaSmui l tspapersoveshT

ioltaishesalte,llCrnI.d lersonyicons mtDNA np p me mu

dinlflouhtaw

dtodneelou

itreuncerahedlte,heit tnlibisuhta ot mo mo nt

An l Aiicfispec-on1997T layor;39

ioitaff terenidichl lf teeveogenethta

hel t tcapuresitssh it tascendlte fee ess

中 sTS wnhwe yassme deffixefaullrusua

hopo

liispersad"

yi

he hasisssuc,

snS how,

tpohyiohi terquesl tttreevan o

nsdGerr e19

t trucure.dlloeT layoran(

me lrispersadhesalf teorbi

itecszes･T mi

noefftsleh bepro

f001･Os

n1assmeuiotequa

b f lieounequaszeaws la ndi tonsotpopulloa

h derapsosanteff terenii dtcae mp dp

ioltopuah ieszetpohheylt taes dp

ossio

ba yd ･Fmaeff oth l ltecacua

b dtuei itsri it tecszen

llhteNre o

lvauespb taou1ma htoiproacilcaapk ltesananay

ioh i lterespopuat

iobtuiitsr

etuClltrns rioi lt tgaepopuatnves

Mehdost

henutorStureanCltn df mb

ithadwatif

wi

yw,iicliors)pr

h h l ff teraveargeaecso

llin,T l tayorea

tano

(

ng

ess･F mp t

tcsdynaitngttoran

itsits

proache

rapt tcapure

Ou htoe mamo mp mi

roacicfispec-foracase app hi

mufereadh

oi

hi itecnquesCllae(t

leo

itsi ilrncpean

tepo

oncer

euse

lp

iver,

ionsapit treunceran

o

tcau

belcasecou

yc mngcmp xmomo yt

･H we np ymodb dtoe ma

dlewhtebtu, mo

wer･

int

lornucearuse

iff terend

df DNA

ma gs

dn

n

ihcheve

w

namogmi

mayi

3

4J2F/CS K/

i l tspersaraeh dcosea

'nluas]

henthu)oetd luaiivdn

･T s, ull

nmo hadd hMo omo Apen ･Th moe)ixdp(dleC ltne arteanitri bsadle

Aionh lterpopuati

J､il icapowersitstta

isadle

idn villayall iidIitnture.branum erわi fonsbtui itsrhdetlidl teun

f iouryearsnour(

h ltapoypesferodeda

mbT)

biruihenu

lt,

i icequ mh occurri ht tssocas

ionstenera

lora tncorporae

itsehtus

ilca roac一laoi

trepracoug

icsa eagi ･S htni hr oiligtmp no me mp wsmen

dp ob h Tgtmp mo app mpt a

inhdolidero

urioi tnnovah lereahi i l W ftecnquesssow eoun,

tsinlsahavehus,tfidicrteneausedb T We･nc yg

ion i it tecszesnfobtu eff ooi itsrd

ldeoveraverysonesad learan ason,0y ･Inp dsmp yy ga mpgtme

leever

mu mp dt

a

i it tuernensvean

i il lprnc eonecou,

ionsareveryco

)earsilta

01lon(

is

CIpf i h ltperequences apoy,ltapoy

hei ton,itaff terenidi fcoitstta

-hep

= l1he sowslTbe a,

=hl hteascasew et(ases np

ion

rilcapoweits1 ttsa,00.=(xdFtece orexa.

i Fons or.f ltpopualOparmp

tdt)anr,,hdosiissamehtecause

lzadanoi lcsusnitsi fttonosah l ltecacua gr mi

idtcaaeverteneheretgamwe dg y25gbirui一i icequh ltocas

i d H base owever ecause. ,bbed tnoi h ltecszessou

on Webors.ihtearesnegti lspersadlua

rfopoionl lturcacua we

T*s,2HT TKFx s s, ,,ionitaff terenind ( 中S

fiotroportasVlauewIep hep no

yc y(Hti iversidpch ltapoy:t tonsan

iiotenera1tes)l ies

ng ntmedo0 ibvara4

hetfnceoma

hetorh b d l l lteoservevauecacuaehat t toorgreaerh ltawasequai tonbtuiitsrd nt df

de mptseparaepaper

i fveperortarahecolttvauaeC

f FTtsorsanT l tayorea(

ltresenresuLS

2991･lta

ioltt teecpopuaodt tcaseB lcufii dsa nsucda ･We mo

trhtran epelh ltsmgeapoyi honsai ltvepopuahfet

taanodthefollwigd :h

)004,2=n(l ieszes ･B

dpeenThion.ilaff lereniidcf tasuresogene

aci Thon.

l lgnnitaff terenid

danoi fitcsosh ttesa

edbyr yass himl ge

)Foreac.5J2F/ K/ hs

0y ･T ho me illidrequrewitfh l teengears000,01terfa･001f hoforeac00=LL(

ioitaff terenind

･6･0

icsitsft ttesosa ･S

H dusone(ions

=ower1･0 0p

ff terensaif dasuresor mp

annh lltaaowsdlte

tzadano,ferormteimadbyp ing5000r miVl taueswereesIp

efffoionbtui itsrhdeidtpero,

ioi ltcpopualt tcuagene

te

jltec e

ftneouoiixa

H iscohta

tecpan

t

j

it

lt eec0･

fi l f ltnervasorasng

xcwou

ll haryw e,

i

i)

l tcacu eii f 10t letttsascsor me

･0 ecause0 8

lada no me orr yr

1b we ldorr yr mi no nc･00 ･Smi n(≡0 5p

hereW tegai ltnervaAt hd mef ltasuresopopuaiome

ii ttscreeh lteacuat ty,

eaci iversd

indilearsye g500s000,5or 0y

me ma dessdt me

illatenineilca

tersreitsh ttesa

foparaan

fso-wa

dt mu nrtaeiottahean)case

we nsireions0 ltmcepopua

ylnama dt eatncorpora

toiiliibevara

nage九l

%/ tb iyearecause1fo

mehosel f tvauesor

id l ltn cacuaiiorpanmxa

ionfnBa ngtltorpopua

wi ypll lonnai ics

paperwe,itsttsa

iollttusraO iurmotoneS-lpnglsep

d l･uasiivdn

iobtui itsrd

ioltah iesT mu

leullisnhtdisamp

iosr

h teproportsnwaunf

=xd hn w e･0-ower 5a n(

2

itxss. henisw,

ne

we

1 levenα~vecurve

f ioragdofftrae

)a

or

J4F

-

S

fover

C/ K/

iit tpropraeraaphedt oo

Inice,ntw

ionlta

to

αtse

5･00=

dhtenee

2n=A=,

dner

ioursmu

tebtuei itsrforieunh lruesoui lltsacuaelvaues- whnH｡ yt db mlyd db weenz oa

h l d∫esanatt dα

hei tvscure,hF tor

ioltpopuasahelealeasi Wons,h ltepopua osmp dt me

･04

･1 leve-oreac

curve.-

i dsrecore

dtrae)

Fl)

2peTversus y Off

d( df hα

f Fueor]V-aDIvears(

hti ionswlt twopopua'lidflepeoso.im

inlmpoursahbtoht tnsure a

h touhi dtersutftsolesu ywit

lt tsnoonltpresenresuiiecson,i】cyd We ya

d droceurean ics.itsh ttesaf tuesorVlafItesop

gp

At

iol l ltsngepopuaBil d lcaan onilarh ttesraaare･t･eh ii itesssrue,tpo ya

nosoi

･Thta5･0Onl lvaues-ll tgepi ess山a ll lltacuahtat,ih tetf me wewi yd

ors,peyanpybtei dttpropraeraeap off weenTe l dT 2err

itsnf lresuiottresenaicaits

)h ttesa

ig(F2･teir

･2･P nomma lr

0

5

6

3

02.

01.

nU

0

0

0

0901.

itsiasebnd ireproucn

lesa

rocpwhht dtme nwe mp

hye

ull

io

tse

hen

d

la.fperor

dourranom

i

i tscase,

eac

ht

We me

i2 np esswe gu de ma

7

4

9

3

00,

00.

gf 0t

ii lrsnverse l levean-h hecose

p

lteae

1or

Tor yersus

we yr dtot nα

oinanαv P( e l

Becausepo

b ltuas

peTyd iecreasen(rwe 2err

6

1

RU

4

00

2

つん

3

3

0

4

0

0

0

00.

0

0

0

0

d troceurel hececsa-led boua mp kp oe

oncrease

uhe

satexpece

l lteedrease

tno

he

otittsj

hcurvessoor

h i tescendlueugeava

)te

pT drae

oCryat

off wt di dpe 1err wi nchi mp

llws ocmp ysomal( me nt

tecejtore

w,ih tet mewe

5tecjefllaselotxpec yr H｡ %o

･e2l 1es

ltecisnciti fono meH｡i orr yntpropor

'Fl flvaueso-

n)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Time

0

1

つん

3

4

5

′0

7

8

9

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

) 0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

f5htattexpec %o

n

us,

･00=

Th We

5ade

ionsctsan

One.

R lesu dDiuss

pdproceure,

･plleTba

O

0

0

0

0

0

O

iorssapoiottproec nerr-duner

∩

5

0

S/FK/42 JC

eluPp yr a= 5we iv ･F =20ad4,wo dbnornenreg00.ftsorlesuf lonl ie,d ferorexam,C ions

fobro e]i fonsareoltpopuadp ms

uc180=･ ･lns ha

hus)18.6an,6 d0 ･T ,･Oftesohanh terd tunerraan

dan2,k xeii lcsitsf ttorsa

hei ton,llopua

i l Avey.tespec･crorspey1toT 2err ･FpeTyf

hets

lvauesfp-no0Sn.xceinil lneres

00･

o

pes

ini

h ltererare apoy

do Weddfds p11ne me ge.

0 wh we

dl ･T

dan)

fo

il iloogcabilcatprac

ionstunherearetver,o

or

tes

ica

i

ltnay

i l tspersaest

h itausnutecso

hsoecauset toran

)riot

i(i

l･ npess wedt ga lfmuT l tayoreai l nbtspersaesma assmp

li h iequasze ave, mp aff nd ma IH we mayassmpd

ilaryineesreh b dtaaunauiitcll f ie ors,orexamdlei lspersaredhta

dfeorevert ttconsan,

ma ymo ･F p mp yweassmedt nc ma dfma

l levesta(trepresen

i fonsoourtih decon

ii tssnohdo.thetfno me Th

lfeoreaclbaireava hp

hehougth lusa, ht

hei t tonscapuret

heselt t torunaey,

lsequadntilibbproa ya wa

l teasonef tpeorah llapoyhtat

iobluilisrdhet tscases

rh ･tapcdd db ma ingt wedkenowelouiiecsonswan901e.

ldesaslourcaseason,ttepresensfhtfierafteopow

gawe mpullyr

tyquaheb tues ecause,Vla li

,

t

gtocmmito

8t n≡20ad40rme nfsori･)3,50･0/43･0(es

we maitresilcapoitstta

A)5

y(orr osgtindesponCi lvetrespec9

nerr y68tm

off llws ma ol htaercoosetnageri･

hetbor

oaio

curvettproec-over

dtrae oo

wa na mp 0We2

itara

l i fesszesosadnhscoseiotra1:1fal ie,

n9･tetexpecedb weenO 5ahanVl taues-le

ll tpreseni

lli be szepro

i tasesares

f lorowc ms

･F

1･1･O 9(yOsa

dl ･Ima we ma yr omoli tcua

oss

onf he o, tepresena

n

dlte

dlhiecoce

ahtscoosei

lteaeh teeslir

idtero,verone,

irspnuff yl gp ma

fteopoii tcen

mc LT l1 we mu mo or na lbrean

ih teescvcras.

･de

p

t

a 5t ob mo wint inllreeh h h heresearcerascose00.=h icoosngby

ihrougilhi fecnqueosaicaitsttsa lt mpngt htme

l fenoneoaylna md wt mposradranokleile

iT kme dr dt nmohtaleveaehothcec-led bouhetftsoh leresu

wa esshantlsueVla

hgdleicfS ipec-hecasehttai tasesbilt tpoena mo mi

Clacase.il loog

dangeionsf lteropopuat tsaconsannuherehttai tons,ltopuagp wa mb arr

tacorssucd depen otoiaihrougti d t tneconsan h tmendddn nf ha

ielorappsa

el dtae suc,ysvlahtaarei tons

dfwa io hal1

herourhte

i ･onstudle

ft

hetecetnoi lsgeneraai lspersadi ftcraeofioraspec

no

nd aff dbyt mo assmp

lytscoimeH｡wa m C

wiscti ilsnonsenscathiuc, od ussudlehesetll mo assmp

H｡wa wa mb we oanzerenteforisuntsruehenw

froso) ma

-intitslui iasbor

hdohourcectne

hanh teringa wme wo dp

kf ne ma gptpresen

i tscaseo,

5･lvau-ph ferangeoconcema it rn( es < 0l1 ntihw

d-avlll iiass is

b2s,d dtsanarna x llmahatt ter

tsaconsaionttahtaionan,fhastoneS-ipngtep dt mu wa nt

ioitcafitresenver

ioh teproporteras

wihb hlwsmp ni2(l ieszea.ototcasesIn

tCe汀ollyciad toespardroceure

dif Iaptecejere

wh wo db)山e we moreprere

lutioniere

ltpopua

hoond depenllitaaw wwe

iasesarever･l d iHh tsanpon ya mp

ystoranitrenoe

b

if tgenefso

itni

dynam

f tueoes

ilaten

htecm

no cdess ic

iq ma gP i dase rme.i bersunow

Aitneresh fecaseot t･s s

owintitsVlauesan-i ftsopl de ma gp

･ionitcalpilcuaraptar

mpwo dblul leve-ilcaat

exaicr

mi np

yp msbefreor

itzaodrano

dfiiltene

4adO1･n3･O

wo dbluoHcase,

b iorn

S

f ihnegt

illa

d iensyo

tspa ylna

ya erpapllsuaU

io

tes.

hit ttenerprea

llisflcra

T

hntilebi

h taveh heresearcerwtver,oH we ill oassess

in

tece

lij

co

re

mp ga

df

ran)氏i dtnrouce yp

6

4JF/CS 2K/

dle0SEn very.ferecna mp LMo

umo assmp11 moi】】rea

dlei ionsniltvoahi li terconcusonsot

ll dlhiecoce, ionst

nuhosewa gt assmp wiitern

h i it teresgreaunceraht ntylmolhttsaeo

hougth ltaah tecasete

ilal tespabtpohy

b iyse

iltai O iitsory urn,

lla]

h

lsa

ltnaura'h iespecesit tsory,hion

wi wa mp

h b l itesesaoupaush ltepopuat

ld fegeob kecauseournowf terec

nit tnceranh ieresnh tusannt me dt ou ylliconcusonhesaitlresudlou

d】d h】eerssou

llionstuheoominmiiz wassmp wii Sonsuctu

dltesiesgtse

ltecbibep

lpeonecou,･l ill odtwnmayc oss nmo

llaff ･F ldhoo oh htavea assmpiases

orexamnh d iieecson

litecconcusonst

dlwouhteyhta

tun.dteaih teestl teasi trsa ma mo

reheidte,lpeap mo

･tnnagetnotorporael

wt

yi di menc mats

adt ytns

i d dht tsunersanso

h itaareeas

helnecou

h i tescentre

ess

db accmp dbya assmpi donsantui ftso

fo

lianeh b terousno

i ttgae

e

i tnves

h lsou

h d ltesuycoutftsoh leresu db

de no gomo iol l ltecuarevoufind dturunersanveant tsrucure

ilcapoweitshtttasa

ly dtop ltdrouceresulorei b itsscan eaheanat

gg ma oe ma erispdteitsk trersitenecisnU

l db

mo

ltcou

dlesw

h li ･cangeconcusons

lebh l iepausftoany

inmiizeff ･O mo

itecszee

hh teus,

m

T

J㌦b dasetitnun

:ishrployh diloconrafmOSlInays i t DNAp mo ms

4J2

nr

F

ihg

S

hh terenor

C/ K/

ti ft tcsrucureofi

l･sirne

lofene

i fvesor

n

j tecbtno

nadg wint

ma mamma

t

wI

teiinhfe

icheograpgg

forionl l itecuarvara

ic

en63-743:n3 4All

i tcsoitsff ttterensa

in.FP.iversan,hO SJCn,..:2 dW. err

we na mol i fnayssofroahepot:)islorea

dR eCItnrasp･3991･LDeuc.G.

･76116:53R 1epI

del l i ifecuarvarancen

h dioconramnu2A.991ttro.ua li fn a mo errysso

oh it lDNAnt ma

f:earevild iei ios

f dttoreec

i tzera

ttesiIcaitstta

ns nwi1

in

t t tnerpregenetroicaitsttsa lpwe oi

irnei fcsotenel l Gecuar Ma

i dcsantene

iolt tpopuans dlau/ize

･545-935:

ioitaff tereniE l dtxranucear5.891

introtepoitsneedt ma we loe kg

･466-1:66

nagetto"ionltpopua"iinngfeD･7 meema me

nagei :cencewhyama me

0

he

loogioti Con onse.t

E..

orconsedn

L

hgrap

ngo

T l Bay ro, .

T l Bayor,llsoey

La A

demo yf Ⅳa Ⅳa nBi y1

･ yt ns

ioitcalPbuilpecainP･err･S Il･sirne

E..

rtsitnun

iversa,

nage

d･es

BL ST l Jrayo, ..,..

fiene

l･s

dttaa

Press

Ch ndA

od ma me 氏)ma mamma nMo

Mamma

inceoh feperorituanlva gt ma fd

･yl l E lecuarcoogkorit teracannowicritenec ･Mo

off mo M.

&Omme mogDNAh :pesapltapoy

QJ.dusean,

nitsancesai L PESer .,..,

idtrc

Exc

ioitcalp

lvololes

･A･ dP

dt mo ma mp ･MoLBi･E ･6llsafslean

h bepro

FD,Rfo

2xan

ing7.991zon.Di Us

l2991l lapan As

Di A･E CIA･ ( 5bLi

gg COF

LDeucan,

dlhLssoep -i k Cltcsocs a.tene

･,

in

zon,

hldlhaeopw

icaitsttsahe9 T. la891B tenzen.･

199Itne l d Ases. .irnei fcso

io

･ l lnMo Ge Ma Maecuar mma

l n3Pbitu ca

LT l Bayor,

S ilpeca

I

Fiversan,･J･ Ch dW･

ici ltrsporzon･andA･EIDi ･InPess･F

feerencesR

AS..Unsas,ence,

E..

I Lnc a, .,re631743:

Di

4AllnPess wr Ka ･

initaff terenid

nd 1.94-974:13i 1csteneGtaa.ioit tresrc

ioi ltvepopuaff tecm, 1995E.R.haF kran

R･R･D･D･ ndNILKBoosa,,duson,H1.51-831:

e6.991zon.Di Th

7.54-144:90i 1csteneGdle.i.dS mbRPlau..an.Tkh Ntaaaa,

i d】san mo

7.01-5h669:ResearcilcateneG

Mo BilE l9o vo. .l.iiivson.dbsu

.SA..Uansas,Krence,I Lnc aw, .,Szon,A･E･Di

J2FSivers.･J･nio

T l Bay ro,d ltt teecpopua

･L adS Ch C/ K/5Ens iiivson.dbu

4J2F/CS K/

htadltesnmo

ionta′onsentaaytoe ma mmi DNAd ･Ch diltoconrai l ftspersaraesrodteitsit tuncerani tncorporae

iodA･E･Di ･I essUsgsmultaiinInprzon

9.51-79:6i 1csG tenei ･onsltopua

Ch

niMe npiadlnen

i Svers,･J･･L･S,BT loray , anS texon･

･yiloogB

Wr io1E ltvou.39S1t,.ihg

2

he

S

ionSlng-

F

･T

C/ K〃4

fhtoneas

dasio/t taegenera n(m) =

isdleh iteseevensst

dsai ilsyeh

d 一uasiividn

rLo000･Os 1･ we

llslbe asepaibvaraftorydf i ft teoasrngoSIons

nff bterenceseLlhp n

ii dpard-

i fesobasefero

tanspehenu

c o i(mb wee

dze 'ihtaiisn

sI d hssoepz-

ltesusgrh tgerraesh ltapoype.hesati ddonseneupwiht me Hiltpopua-

t treas

2･

xcnxoe dKalltrenoaowionsltopua

(K) 0 ･T= =

()T 4y ･P dt deewe cee essearsfo

heittrs,dlFe mo.

lscose es.rocteanitrh deranotuelihtgl lt tucuaessh b d ftaaunancetteexcepni

yd ot mb hadd hp ess

inh it terunnerestavera

fyotilih bbeproa

hd teafiol( dtot ig nrhem

hougt

i ltsreae

h darerano,

)d

tea

ispersadf

dd htm,

tra

di lswouhnt

fteraeo s

)tncorporaesan'bore･roLeiLslsas

ithall ･Th wa oe madfm L all di dai itonsversusransversonstitrans

w

f f htevensoreacOequencegSgiveslua

drano)3g, mly

'?teernldrano)i 4on,ltopua myd

dlehei Ton.h l ltereapopuant mo wa

ne-,Ved l Iuasurviivhidentfi S

isZea'b7o･

ion.LLa

hiden vtfi)h2,itrbes iidittaftiliyomu n

dled teadan-itr-hibshthtatN toeisperses.dd luaiivhidenh terhtnew e hmo

tohatltihgb les yless nK･Wedon

iobtuiitsrdlora

ioh ltepopuahtuc,

ioi tcalplreaapinah btere u,

htee一ittn mpioitzalibtadStaeuse,

eppmo

i tspacenastoneS-ipngiltcasepltnay

hier f

de

i tspersershidertfla otno

noccurr

taeiottaicfispec- mu nr wa

nm

yd dinbtuei itsri lnear

dloe

i lons,ltpopua-i bvesufdlemo lwa manafysroff iersnseveraiddle

tilibbproa yo

lteiroxereru

denionswllta

ns app ma yhnu

hitrbf

ntmeyr hi iid

mu gt i u d DNAo bes mt na dfa

uaml dv lcwe mo

unin

n

n

Eac

fteso

dve.

h ibevarale

iio

indrerano

lta

tgenera

e

yoitlih bbeproat,

Lortscohet(pe]toyhap mo mmonf

ftecsoage.till f 】aree esw1y ea,..d luasequateermlyd mi

ll ma hnoeff ASSdrano

llidiia n v

aavehcosedanoml dreareawe yr ly ntoh muhtat tesi f iesorstilibbproa

teh ies･T)04(tesl iesb f iberovaraici iversy,itenedinu ylwg cd t wh hg

mo naoillca

ll bsuh it tncaracersd liuasiividnts

ts)(Di neall199 ･G cd wawos m

itsanceitene)3tnuequences/

zoisbl Zoea.t

yotili

mu iollah iesTLIxdpenAp

lp bbroaヮuaheanmu.Atarr gC tyiapaciync

Wemo

dinhtebecause

lresu bservecd ytno diha

gt me

ti ivers

hesa

iih tgergened lh iuasavniividn

teltraesresu

･Tdxe茄

ha hanitrbsi: tcevenssuc,lh tsocas

hy dt ht ollwit mu nsear

mi wb wi hsger

nohfe

ac

hroug

n

petep

llpeao

iolta

ltapoy

h ies

hene:

tne

Eacd lua

hdteer,iiv

iidnbt

)tsepan,irn

)Ih tenexl i tuasurvvesidnvh ii leorgnain o gp

wh iid ot me d5ht te erdteerm

d luagiivhidenh terhtew e ivbiosshept°li

'

oN

ttae

bea

i tze

ha

io

F kran

ltcensuspopuadt treruncaeions

l ftransaeroB O ltecauseppua

d

Lwe

mpttot ma ns oN｡ na y( m1

llht te,Kta meN｡wi

･)599

iottaheti

idze.一ii btcssaitstta･Smt

ns Wiht mu nr

inegi tspersesduaiv'J ld oa h b

C itnerafsourceoi 一onatid tl nt

teerm1)ra mlyd indno

dnhenewitfie

iobtui itsrh deth d feensoti tonsaP ltopuah herah teoitreab doranl l ihsngeneg nt lf

･ears0,0

iodv

lte

bu

iproxterapfa

ns iis

ma y1 000y

ioltpopua

01

4JF/CS 2K/

¢s

1

08.

06.

O4.

02.

0

T

0

ion

02

h d fousansoyears

i f i f LtmeoraparopopuaOa ･005( nl dO 1( kLan

Fi 55 ht ho4

i fszeo

0

fH i lt teecvepopua･

9

)

1

)

IZeTici btonso

ht

0

･0

81

)ineihE

071

(i tme

0fO

T

hrougOares-

t1

0

T

61

lspersaicits

L'd'h ttesaflodZT

0

T

51

Ollgurea,

ll

J4/CS F2K/

b dase∫5

i l ftspersaraeso･dflo)anofQTiioh l ltecacuathtat0N toe.01=･N

irp.idcf togenebecauselfeveoh beoservetbt te u dl

(

Ts

i

04.

hSTtrougfloars

Q)

icEES

5

F

E htmesee

itsh f tereorenoaits∫ danてioltopua ne ma

ninl

503.502.501.

iOugT'hI h lcangnsLhtant gE hlme

∩)

0

0

0

nU

5

∩)

5

3

2

2

Fi ･F fE0

h tesabhzc0.7Ta

irequenceso)･Sl bceara

blgure0･0 5( T d01( kbO

ioiEadljf Eerenictgeneonall tod liuasiividn nb hp

>C)uanbaJL

12

4J/CS FZK/

1

02=n-57･

q n=4005.

hti btonsof i F lloraparopopuaOSr''1 hwi

equalerror-

iontgenera'/toa7

0

1pe peyanyV bteeluFi ･T Hc weenT dT 2edraeo2e'Tgu

Type1error

ihclyea.,o)d(tae'Ti lspersadad f1%/ Wh

hta lequah

blurveeoT)0

klauesoleequalIL'10''1m≡014. e`̀

SWO db ･V nEec wt

heti fveoVEaOSlneCbfOenre･･e

′10･0=d('

1507.05.502.

lyea4fo) %/n(miolanpeyi hltcaeswe ̀eT 1 d2ei idnenl"'10''1le

iOrrliottproec ne S('

OanOlfZOelSliJoi LEvepopuaH Eeecan

31

ine.lhtatl bauesaovehaCe･)t nvlresou

'ltgenea/taenr

-verhal d taveoweruneroLLdh nolinewl

_

監 0 5

0

2.

ioi tmgra,4y iearssafOne,E'l

I

2 0I_

0～ q)

:≡