scit 1408 applied human anatomy and physiology ii - heart chapter 18 a

8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Heart Chapter 18 A

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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 18.4b(b)

Brachiocephalic

trunk

Superior

vena cava

Rightpulmonary artery

Ascening

aorta

!ulmonary trunk

Right

pulmonary veins

Right atrium

Right coronaryartery (in coronarysulcus)

Anterior

cariac veinRight ventricle

"arginal artery

Small cariac vein

#n$erior

vena cava

%e$t commoncaroti artery%e$tsubclavian arteryAortic arch

%igamentumarteriosum

%e$t pulmonary artery

%e$t atrium

Auricle

&ircum$le'artery

%e$t coronaryartery (in coronarysulcus)

Anterior interventricular artery(in anterior interventricular sulcus)

reat cariac vein

Ape'

%e$t pulmonary veins

%e$t ventricle


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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 18.1a

!oint o$

ma'imal

intensity(!"#)

iaphragm

(a)

Sternum

*n rib

"isternal line


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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 18.1c

(c)

Superior

vena cava

%e$t lung

Aorta

!arietalpleura (cut)

!ericarium(cut)

!ulmonary

trunk

iaphragm

Ape' o$

heart


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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

!ericarial %ayers o$ the +eart

Figure 18.*

Pericarditis- inflammation; pain;

Cardiac tamponade- life threatening


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+eart ,all

Epicardium – visceral layer serous pericardium

Myocardium – cardiac muscle

Fibrous skeleton of the heart – crisscrossing,interlacing layer of connective tissue

nchors cardiac muscle fibers

!upports great vessels and valves

"imits spread of action potentials to specific paths

Endocardium – endothelial inner layer of heart


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&ariac "uscle Bunles

Figure 18.-


7/28Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 18.4b

(b)

Brachiocephalic

trunk

Superior

vena cava

Rightpulmonary artery

Ascening

aorta

!ulmonary trunk

Right

pulmonary veins

Right atrium

Right coronaryartery (in coronarysulcus)

Anterior

cariac veinRight ventricle

"arginal artery

Small cariac vein

#n$erior

vena cava

%e$t commoncaroti artery%e$tsubclavian arteryAortic arch

%igamentumarteriosum

%e$t pulmonary artery

%e$t atrium

Auricle

&ircum$le'artery

%e$t coronaryartery (in coronarysulcus)

Anterior interventricular artery(in anterior interventricular sulcus)

reat cariac vein

Ape'

%e$t pulmonary veins

%e$t ventricle

#$E%&'% (&E)


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10/28Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Right an %e$t /entricles

Figure 18.

Thicker- more

pressure



Atria2 he Receiving &hambers

)alls are ridged by pectinate muscles

(essels entering right atrium

!uperior vena cava

&nferior vena cava

Coronary sinus

(essels entering left atrium

%ight and left pulmonary veins



/entricles2 he ischarging &hambers

)alls are ridged by trabeculae carneae

Papillary muscles pro*ect into the ventricular

cavities

(essel leaving the right ventricle Pulmonary trunk

(essel leaving the left ventricle

orta


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"ovie ime2 +eart

rotatable_heart.mov

!%A3!%A3


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!athay o$ Bloo hrough the +eart an

%ungs

%ight atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle

%ight ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve

pulmonary arteries lungs

"ungs pulmonary veins left atrium

"eft atrium bicuspid valve left ventricle

"eft ventricle aortic semilunar valve aorta

orta systemic circulation

rotatable_heart_sectioned.mov!%A3!%A3


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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 18.5

6'ygen7rich

&6*7poor bloo

6'ygen7poor

&6*

7rich bloo

&apillary bes

o$ lungs here

gas e'change

occurs

&apillary bes o$ all

boy tissues here

gas e'change occurs

!ulmonary veins!ulmonary arteries

PulmonaryCircuit

Systemic

Circuit

Aorta an branches

%e$t atrium

+eart

%e$t ventricleRight atrium

Right ventricle

/enae cavae


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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 18.

Right

ventricle

%e$t

ventricle

#nterventricular

septum

!hort

pulmonary

circulation

!ystemic

circulation


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&oronary &irculation

Coronary circulation is the functional blood supply

to the heart muscle itself

Collateral routes ensure blood delivery to heart

even if ma*or vessels are occluded


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&oronary &irculation2 Arterial Supply

Figure 18.9a

ngina pectorisngina pectoris

ngina pectoris

M&


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&oronary &irculation2 /enous Supply

Figure 18.9b


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+omeostatic #mbalances

Angina pectoris

$horacic pain caused by a fleeting deficiency in

blood delivery to the myocardium

Cells are +eakened

Myocardial infarction (heart attack); MI

Prolonged coronary blockage

reas of cell death are repaired +ith noncontractile

scar tissue


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+eart /alves

Ensure unidirectional blood flo+ through the heart

trioventricular ( valves

Prevent backflo+ into the atria +hen ventricles

contract

$ricuspid valve right

Mitral valve left

Chordae tendineae anchor ( valve cusps to papillarymuscles


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+eart /alves

!emilunar !" valves

Prevent backflo+ into the ventricles +hen

ventricles rela.

ortic semilunar valve

Pulmonary semilunar valve


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+eart /alves

Figure 18.8a b


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+eart /alves

Figure 18.8c


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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 18.:

1 Bloo returning to theheart $ills atria puttingpressure againstatrioventricular valves;atrioventricular valves are$orce open.

1 /entricles contract $orcingbloo against atrioventricular valve cusps.

2 As ventricles $illatrioventricular valve $lapshang limply into ventricles.

2 Atrioventricular valvesclose.

3 Atria contract $orcingaitional bloo into ventricles.

3 !apillary musclescontract an choraetenineae tightenpreventing valve $laps$rom everting into atria.

(a) AV valves open; atrial pressure greater than ventricular pressure

(b) AV valves closed; atrial pressure less than ventricular pressure

irection o$ bloo $lo

Atrium

/entricle

&usp o$ atrioventricular valve (open)

&horaetenineae

!apillarymuscle

Atrium

Bloo inventricle

&usps o$ atrioventricular valve (close)

AV Valve unction


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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 18.1<

As ventriclescontract anintraventricular pressure risesbloo is pushe upagainst semilunar valves $orcing themopen.

As ventricles rela'an intraventricular pressure $alls bloo

$los back $romarteries $illing thecusps o$ semilunar valves an $orcingthem to close.

(a) Semilunar valves open

(b) Semilunar valves closed

Aorta

!ulmonarytrunk

!emilunar Valve unction


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C i ht © 2006 P Ed ti I bli hi B j i C i

=ucleus

=ucleus

# banA ban

&ariac

muscle cell

Sarcolemma

? isc

"itochonrion

"itochonrion

tubule

Sarcoplasmic

reticulum

# ban

#ntercalate

isc

(b)

scit 1408 applied human anatomy and physiology ii - heart chapter 18 a

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