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Scientists have enormous contribution in theadvancement of human civilization. Throughoutthe history of the world, many scientists havededicated their lives for research and innovation.Some of them even faced a lot of torture for their 

theories but they continued their mission andthus we are now in a modern world. I have madea list of 10 great scientists in the history. Well,naturally, I had to leave out a lot of great figures.However, I feel that my list represents some of the greatest scientists ever.

Sir Isaac Newton

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Newton was also a man of versatile quality.

He was physicist, mathematician,astronomer, alchemist, and naturalphilosopher in a row. His contribution in thedevelopment of science is a special one. Heis best known for his explanation of Universal

Gravitation and three laws of motion, and hewas able to prove that the reason of both themotion of objects on Earth and of celestialbodies is controlled by the same Neutrallaws. These findings could make arevolutionary change in the development of 

science. In mechanical science his greatcontribution was in optics. He could make areflecting telescope. He also made someresearch on light and stars. His research onGeneral binomial Theorem helped to be

introduced today’s Calculus.

Sir Isaac Newton

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Galileo Galilei

Galileo is considered as one of the greatestcontributor to the development of Science. Itis undoubtedly true that Galileo could firsthelped science to come out of the trend of Aristotle. He was physicist, astronomer, and

philosopher and his best known contributionslie in the development of Telescope, first twolaws of motion and also in Astronomy. He isalso considered as the father of astronomy,father of physics and father of science.

He was the first scientist who followed theway of quantitative experiments in hisresearch where the result was based onmathematics. He had to suffer a lot from thechurch for his theories.

Galileo Galilei

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Charles Robert Darwin

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There can be debate about whether Charles Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) is

the greatest scientist of all time but there isno doubt that he is the most controversialscientist of all time. On the Origin of Speciesby Means of Natural Selection (1859) - this isthe book that has made Darwin immortal inthe world history. This book has changed the

course of science radically. It is perhaps anirony that Darwin studied theology andinstead of becoming a clergy, he becamenaturalist.

Darwin went to different parts of the world

and carried out extensive research. Histheory about origin of human beings causedwidespread controversy. Darwin stated thathuman beings have evolved through manychanges and survival of the fittest was inimportant factor in the development of animalworld.

Charles Robert Darwin

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Albert Einstein

Einstein is the great scientist of the twentiethcentury and notable physicist of all time. It is

told that he had learning disability in hischildhood. He could not talk till he was threeand could not read till he was eight. Despitesuch problems he later became the noble prizewinner for his contribution to the Physics. His

theory of relativity is considered as arevolutionary development of Physics. He goNoble Prize in Physics in 1921 for hisexplanation of the Photoelectric Effect and fohis research in Theoretical physics.

 Albert Einstein

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Thomas Edison

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Edison is the great inventor who has over 1000 patents and his inventions are in

various fields used in our daily life. In hisearly life he was thought to have a learning disability and he could not read till he wastwelve and later he himself admitted that he became deaf after pulling up to a train car byhis ears. He first could able to turn the

attention of the world after inventingPhonograph. His one of the most popular invention is the Electric Bulb. He alsodeveloped the telegraph system. Hisinvention of carbon telephone transmitter 

developed the carbon microphone which wasused in the telephoned till 1980. He alsobecame a prominent businessman and hisbusiness institution produced his inventionsand marketed the products to the generalpeople.

Thomas Edison

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Louis Pasteur

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He is one of the most famous contributors in the

medical science. He first introduced the germ theoryof diseases. This is regarded as the base of today’s

microbiology. He found out some of the notion of the

microbe and he could find out that the viruses were

not detectable through microscope. Another important

contribution of Pasteur is to protect harmful microbes

in a way called “Pasteurization” where harmfulmicrobes are destroyed by heating the food. He is

undoubtedly the most influential scientist in medical

science

Louis Pasteur

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Guglielmo Marchese Marconi

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Marconi is a Nobel laureate physicist from Italy.

He is best known for his invention of Radio and

he first introduced wireless telegraph system. He

was born to a landowner father GiuseppeMarconi and his mother was Annie Jameson. He

was very interested to science form his early life.

He initially started working on electromagnetic

wave or radio waves invented by Heinrich Hertz.

Then after a long research he could figure out

such a technology to communicate without wire.After his invention, he marketed this equipment

for the commercial purpose and at that time he

got a competitor free market in the U.S.

Guglielmo Marchese Marconi

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Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose

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He was the first renowned Bengali scientist who had an important

contribution in the invention of Radio and microwave optics. He

was born in Bengal.He was teaching Physics in the Presidency

College at Kolkata. In his teaching career he had to prove hisquality and talent as he was the first Indian to teach Science at the

college. In 1894 he started to research on Radio wave to make

wireless communication equipments. At the same time Italy’s

Marconi also was researching on this project. He first invented

"iron-mercury-iron coherer with telephone detector" and he is the

first person to use a semiconductor junction to catch the radio

waves. It is said that his work on millimeter wavelength made him

50 years ahead. Considering such things it is said that he was thereal inventor of Radio but due to his less seriousness towards

 patent and the communication gap made Marconi to be regarded

as the inventor of Radio.

After that he contributed in plant where he could make some vital

theory of ascent of sap. In this research he showed that some

living cells in the endodermis junction are the reason for theascent of sap. He was the first to prove that plants and metals too

havefeelings.

Jagdish Chandra Bose showed experimentally plants too have life.

He invented an instrument to record the pulse of plants.

Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose

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Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam

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A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, is an Aerospace engineer , professor , and

chancellor of the Indian Institute of Space Science and

Technology (IIST), who served as the 11th President of India from

2002 to 2007. During his term as President, he was popularlyknown as the People's President . He was awarded the Bharat

Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.

Before his term as India's president, he worked as an aeronautical

engineer with DRDO and ISRO. He is  popularly known as the

Missile Man of India for his work on development of  ballistic

missile and space rocket technology. Kalam played a pivotal

organizational, technical and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear test in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by

India in 1974.

He is currently the chancellor of Indian Institute of Space Science

and Technology, a professor at Anna University (Chennai), a

visiting professor at Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad,

Indian Institute of Management Indore, and an adjunct/visiting

faculty at many other academic and research institutions acrossIndia.

In May 2011, Dr. Kalam launched his mission for the youth of the

nation called the What Can I Give Movement .Dr. Kalam better 

known as a scientist, also has special interest in the field of arts

like writing Tamil poems, and also playing the music instrument

Veena.

C.V.RAMAN

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C.V.RAMAN

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Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman) was the

first Indian scientist to win Nobel Prize. C.V. Raman wasawarded the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on

the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman

effect, which is named after him. Raman effect relates to

the inelastic scattering of a photon. When light is scattered

from an atom or molecule, most photons are elastically

scattered (Rayleigh scattering). The scattered photons have

the same energy (frequency) and, therefore, wavelength, asthe incident photons. However, a small fraction of scattered

light (approximately 1 in 10 million photons) is scattered

from excitations with optical frequencies different from,

and usually lower than, the frequency of the incident

 photons. Raman effect is helpful in analyzing the

composition of liquids, gases, and solids.

HOMIBHABHA

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HOMIBHABHA

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Homi Jehangir Bhabha is mostly known as the chief architect of 

India's nuclear programme. However, his contribution to India's

development goes far beyond the sphere of atomic energy. He hadestablished two great research institutions namely the Tata

Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), and the Atomic Energy

Establishment at Trombay (which after Bhabha's death was

renamed as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). He

 played a crucial role in the development of electronics in India.

Bhabha was an outstanding scientist and a brilliant engineer. He

derived a correct expression for the probability of scattering

 positrons by electrons, a process now known as Bhabha scattering.His classic paper, jointly with W. Heitler, published in 1937

described how primary cosmic rays from space interact with the

upper atmosphere to produce particles observed at the ground

level. Bhabha and Heitler explained the cosmic ray shower 

formation by the cascade production of gamma rays and positive

and negative electron pairs. 'In 1938 Bhabha was the first to

conclude that observations of the properties of such particleswould lead to the straightforward experimental verification of 

Albert Einstein's theory of relativity'. Bhabha possessed sensitive

and trained artistic gifts of the highest order. The environment in

which he grew certainly helped him to develop all these fine

qualities. He loved music and dancing. He had considerable

knowledge of both Indian and western music. He painted and

sketched. He designed the settings of dramatic productions. Hewas an architect of no mean ability. Bhabha was a perfectionist.

He was a true lover of trees and did everything under his powers

to protect them..

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Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam

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VIKRAM SARABHAI

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VIKRAM SARABHAI

Sarabhai's name will remain inseparable from India's space

 programme. It was Sarabhai who put India on theinternational map in the field of space research. But then he

made equally pioneering contributions in other fields. He

worked in the fields of textiles, pharmaceuticals, nuclear 

 power, electronics and many others incessantly till last.

The most striking aspect of Sarabhai's personality was the

range and breadth of his interests and the way in which hetransformed his ideas into institutions. Sarabhai was a

creative scientist, a successful and forward looking

industrialist, an innovator of the highest order, a great

institution builder, an educationist with a difference, a

connoisseur of arts, an entrepreneur of social change, a

 pioneering management educator and more..

He was a dreamer with a seemingly unmatched capacity for 

hard work. He was a visionary, who could not only see

opportunities but created some where none existedSarabhai

died on 30 December 1971 at Kovalam,

Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. In 1974, the InternationalAstronomical Union at Sydney decided that a Moon Crater 

BESSEL in the Sea of Serenity will be known as the

Sarabhai Crater.

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Marie Curie

 

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Marie Curie

With her husband, Pierre, Marie Curie was the pioneer in

researching radioactivity. When he died suddenly, she

refused a government pension and instead took his place as

a professor at the University of Paris. She was awarded a

 Nobel Prize for her work, then became the first person to

win a second Nobel Prize, and she is the only Nobel Prize

winner who is also the mother of another Nobel Prize

winner -- daughter of Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, Irène

Joliot-Curie.

first famous woman scientist in the modern world

• "Mother of Modern Physics" -- pioneer in research aboutradioactivity, a word she coined

• First woman awarded a Ph.D. in research science in

Europe, first woman professor at the Sorbonne

• Discovered and isolated polonium and radium, and

established the nature of radiation and beta rays

Nobel Laureate: 1903 (Physics) and 1911 (Chemistry) --first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize, first person to

win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific disciplines

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Gategaonkar

 

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Gategaonkar

• Responsible for advanced methods of aircraft parameter estimation from flightdata and for the development of aerodynamic databases.

• Modeling and identification of nonlinearaerodynamics, unstable aircraft, andunsteady aerodynamics.

• Flight data analysis and data gathering forflight simulators.

• Develop and maintain the sophisticatedtools for aircraft parameter estimation.

• Guide engineering students in project work

(e.g. Technical University of Braunschweig).• Provide guidance to guest scientists (e.g.

cooperation program with NationalAerospace Laboratories, Bangalore, India;Man-power development program for IPTN,Bandung, Indonesia).