9/23/2012

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Scientific & TechnologicalInnovation Partnerships

for Clean Energy Development

Suresh V. Garimella

Goodson Distinguished ProfessorAssociate Vice President for Engagement

Purdue University

Innovation, Science and Technology for Energy Efficient Development of Central AmericaECPA/Organization of American States

Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica10 September, 2012

Contacto: ECPA ClearinghouseEmail: ecpa_clearinghouse@oas.org

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Costa Rica’s Bright Energy Picture

Per Capita Consumption

Source:  USAID/Nexantreport, Aug 27, 2010

Costa Rica’s Bright Energy Picture

Line Losses (%), 2008

Electrification Rate (% of Total Population), 2006

Source:  USAID/Nexantreport, Aug 27, 2010

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Costa Rica’s Energy Mix

WPConclusion: While populations of China and India dwarf that of the U.S., the carbon emitted by an American far outweighs the emissions generated by the average Chinese or Indian. Washington Post 12/10/10

Global Emissions

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per capita Numbers

o WP graphic (December 2010) uses 2007 numbers

o 2009 numbers for U.S. fell to 4.82 and China rose to 1.59 – the ratio decreased from 3.84 to 3 in two years!

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per capita Emissions Track Energy Access

Circle size proportional to CO2 emissions

L Monari, World Bank

Saturation in electrification reached early in GDP growth, but emissions keep rising past this point

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

% of households with electricity

GDP per capita in 2005 US$ at PPP

Energy Shortages

energyshortage.org 

Africa and South Asia (13% and 33% downtime) have the highest frequency and duration of outages

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Extreme Scarcity<500

Scarcity500‐1,000

Stress1,000‐1,700

Adequate1,700‐4,000

Abundant4,000‐10,000

Surplus>10,000

Ocean/Inland Water

m3/person/year

Water Availability: 1975Water Availability: 1975Water Availability: 2000Water Availability: 2000Water Availability: 2025Water Availability: 2025Sub‐national Water Availability: 2003

Coca Cola

No Data

Climate Change a Multiplier for Instability

Water Scarcity Demography Crop Decline Hunger Coastal Risks Recent Conflicts

Source:  UK Government, 2007

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13 | U.S. Department of Energy energy.gov

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1850 1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010

50 years 50 years 50 years

History of Energy UseHistory of Energy UsePercentage of U.S. Energy Consumption

Wood

Coal

Hydro

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

Renewables

75%

75%

75%

Sources:  EIA, Annual Energy Review: 2008 and EIA, Annual Energy Outlook: 2009 with Recovery Act Update

?

Example of Denmark:Energy System of the Future

www.klimakommissionen.dk

• Fossil‐free by 2050 – energy security from renewables• Reducing GHG emissions by 80% from 1990 levels, even as energy demand doubles

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The Greening of Denmarko Electricity’s share in energy supply 

20% → 40‐70%

o Offshore wind 3150 → 10,000 MW (more transnational cables)

o Mostly EVs using 1/3 of today’s energy

o Large vehicles on biofuels

o Wave power; biomass; solar PV

o Home heating (storage) with DH

o 50% energy‐use reductions in heating, appliances, transport, industry and ag

The Greening of Denmark

o Links with neighbors and smart grids to address intermittency

o Biomass‐fired CHP plants for backup

o NO nuclear energy

o Tax policy, legislation and research

o Cost of conversion by 2050 negligible (as energy needs double)

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Proposed Change in Energy Mix

Heavy reliance on export‐

import balance

Complex whole‐of‐government 

approach

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Overall Fuel Conversion Efficiency

National Academies Report, 2010

0

50

100

150

200

1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020

Evolution of Lighting Technologies

Lu

min

ou

s E

ffic

ien

cy (

lm/W

)

Year

High-PressureSodium

Metal Halide

Mercury Vapor

Tungsten-Halogen

ConventionalIncandescent

Incandescent

Fluorescent

High-IntensityDischarge (HID)Lamps

Shaped Reflectors

InductionLighting

Plasma

LED

EPRI, 2011

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Need for Energy Efficiency in Electronics

635 W for 58 inch TV100 W for old displays

A Chicago data center for Microsoft is 17 football fields in size

1.6 bn internet users

0.2

0.6

0.8

1.0

Data centers Airlines Shipyards Steel plants

McKinsey Report, 2009

CO2 emissions as percent of world total

80

142 146 178

Megatons of CO2 emissions per year

80

340

2007 2020Data Centers

Available Options

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Challenges with Renewables

o Energy density (except for nuclear)

o Intermittency and variability (storage)

o Grid integration and distribution

o Scalability

o Siting and land‐use

o Ecological effects

o Complexity

o Cost

PURDUE’S DISCOVERY PARK IS:

Purdue’s hub for interdisciplinary and translational research, conceived as a place where scholars from all disciplines could work together to define whole new areas of research and solve grand challenges. 

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Burton D. Morgan Center for Entrepreneurship

Birck Nanotechnology Center

Gerald D. and Edna E. Mann Hall

Bindley Bioscience Center

Hall for Discovery and Learning Research

Bindley Bioscience Center

Birck Nanotechnology Center

Burton D. Morgan Center for Entrepreneurship

Discovery Learning Research Center

Global Sustainability at Purdue Center for the Environment Energy Center Purdue Climate Change Research

Center Center for Global Food Security Water Community

ACCESS: Advanced Computational Center for Engineering and Sciences Cyber Center Rosen Center for Advanced

Computing (ITaP)

Oncological Sciences Center

Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

# o

f C

om

pan

ies

SEEDING AND NURTURINGSTARTUP COMPANIES

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Energy Efficient Buildings Hub

Hoosier Heavy Hybrid

Center of Excellence

Network for Photovoltaic Technology

Center for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels

Large Energy Programs

Solar thin film cells from nanocrystals ink using earth abundant materials

Rocket Reactor for converting efficiently biomass into useful bioproducts

Robust distributed wind power

engineering to improve reliability

Cutting‐Edge Energy Projects

H2+O2

igniterCellulose + Carrier Gas (H2)

To condensers

To vent

~ 65 cm

Nano-glass fiber thermoelectric that can be folded and to generate electricity from waste heat

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George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation

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Miyako City, 2011 Iwate Prefecture I‐10 Los Angeles, 1994 Northridge CA  

Accelerate improvements in seismic design and performance of the infrastructure by supporting efforts of NEES users to: 

(a) improve performance‐based design procedures, evaluation methods & strengthening techniques 

(b) develop the next generation of researchers, educators, and engineers

University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara

University of TexasAustin

University of CaliforniaLos Angeles

University of CaliforniaDavis

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Oregon State University

University of Buffalo

University of CaliforniaBerkeley

University of Illinois- Urbana

University of Minnesota

Lehigh University

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Cornell University

University of NevadaReno

University of CaliforniaSan Diego

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nanoHUB – a Collaboration Platform

$33M NSF‐funded Center

Headquartered at Purdue

Network of other Universities:• UC Berkeley• Northwestern Univ• Univ Illinois Urbana‐Champaign• Norfolk State Univ• Univ Texas El Paso

Mission:Support the National NanotechnologyInitiative by creating, deploying, andoperating http://nanoHUB.org, acyber‐resource for theory, modelingand simulation.

Worldwide audience of 230,000 users from 172 countries

Goals of Colombia EngagementTo work with the Colombian universities, government and industries for a partnership in focus areas at a scale that leads to significant impact with a financially sustainable model 

o To have a significant impact on S &T capacity in Colombia

• Training critical mass of pre‐doc, doc, postdocs in focus areas

• Improve collaboration between Purdue and Colombian faculty in focus areas by  pre‐doc, doc, postdoc, nanohub training

o To have significant Economic & Social impact in Colombia

• Strong focus on tech commercialization, industry partnerships

• Service learning, engineering education, EPICS partnerships

o To have impact in Indiana and Purdue

• Connect Colombian companies to Indiana business and policy makers

• Bolster our research enterprisehttp://engineering.purdue.edu/cpiasr

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Sustainability  & engineering against the threat of natural disasters• Clean coal technology• Water resources engineering• Earthquake engineering

Engagement with the Colombianscientific communityoNSF‐Colciencias annual scientific workshopson focus areas

oDevelop collaborative projects of technicaland economic interest to Colombia

oProvide nanoHUB and HUBzero technologytraining to exploit cyber‐infrastructure toenhance scientific collaboration and improvevisibility and impact of Colombian scientists.

oDevelop engagement opportunities withColombian entrepreneurs, academia, andcommunity organizations for Colombianstudents trained at Purdue University

Training a new generation of researchersoTailored Doctoral Programs will train ~100 Colombian PhD students in key strategic focus areas in the next 4 years.

oResearch internship for Colombian junior investigators (Post Bachelor)

oEntrepreneurial training to enhance economic impact through commercialization.

oPost‐doctoral trainingo Community projectsoBusiness seminar series

Educational frontiers research• Service learning• International (EPICS) combining University faculty and students to work with community organizations in less developed regions on science and technology projects

Focus areas …

Paths…

Nanotechnology• Forest products nanotechnology• Nanomaterials for energy applications• Bionanotechnology• Advanced materials and electronics

Biotechnology• Biofuels/cellulosic biofuel technology• Biocatalysis and biopharmaceuticals• Sustainable, value added bioproducts• Sensors for environmental and biodiversity monitoring

• Rapidly form Colombian entrepreneurs and researchers in focus areas• Discover high value sustainable products while maintaining biodiversity in Colombia• Enhance technology commercialization as economic growth engine Impact…

Colombia‐Purdue Institute for Advanced Scientific Research

sureshg@purdue.edu

Thanks for your attention…