scientific revolution. why did it start? … the renaissance! secular critical thinking access to...
TRANSCRIPT
Scientific Revolution
Why did it start? … The Renaissance!
Secular Critical Thinking Access to Classics
The Stargazers
Men who Studied the Heavens
Ptolemy - Astronomer
2nd Century (100s AD) – Rome Geocentric World View Christianity follows Ptolemy’s ideas!
Nicholas Copernicus - Astronomer
1543 – Poland On the Revolutions of the Heavenly
Spheres Heliocentric world view
Johannes Kepler – Astronomer and Mathematician
Used math to prove Copernican model correct (heliocentric universe)
Discovered that planets follow elliptical orbits (not circular)
Galileo Galilei – Astronomer and Physicist
Italy First to use
(and improve) telescopeDiscovered Jupiter’s moons,
Moon’s craters Brought heliocentric ideas into
more common use
Galileo’s conflict with the Church
Church disagreed with Copernican ideas, put Galileo on trial (1610)
Forced to choose: recant or be executedGalileo recants
The Thinkers
Men who Pondered the World
Isaac Newton – Mathematician, Astronomer, and Physicist
Principia (1642) Invented Calculus Discovered Law of Gravity
Isaac Newton – Mathematician, Astronomer, and Physicist
Discovered/Formed Laws of Motion For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction An object will remain at rest or in motion unless an outside force
acts upon it (inertia) Force = Mass x Acceleration
Viewed world as a machine built on natural laws that can be understood!
Francis Bacon - Lawyer
England Experimental Thinking Popularizes Scientific Method Founds English Royal Society
(scientists share ideas)
Rene Descartes – Scientist, Mathematician, Philosopher
Discovered laws of Optics, founder of Analytic Geometry
Discourse on Method (1637)
Rene Descartes – Scientist, Mathematician, Philosopher
Separate Mind and Body (Rational Thinking!)
Doubt everything; try to prove
it!
I think…therefore I am!
Studying the Body and the World
Men who wondered about the physical sciences
Vesalius - Physician
On the Fabric of the Human Body (1543)
Human Dissections
Founds ANATOMY
William Harvey - Physician
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood (1628)
Blood circulates! Disproves theories of Galen (Greek)
Leeuwenhoek - Naturalist
Dutch Perfected the microscope Studied microorganisms
What was the impact of the Scientific Revolution?
On Philosophy
Strengthened enlightenment ideas… question everything! Prove everything!
On Religion
The Church refused to embrace the Enlightenment
Huge conflict between thinkers and clergy
On the World
Changed the way people thought about life
Attitudes towards society and government shifted
Question everything!