Scientific Revolution

Mrs. Newman

World History

Ch. 10

Ptolemy

• Greatest astronomer (2nd. Century A.D.)

• Ptolemaic system- geocentric theory (Earth is at the center of the universe)

• Theory supported by the Church

Egyptian, wrote in Greek

Ptolemaic System

Copernicus

• Book- On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

• Heliocentric theory (sun is at the center of the universe, NOT Earth)

• Theory angered The Church

1543, from Poland

Kepler

• German mathematician• Studied planetary motion

& concurred w/Copernicus that the Sun was at the center of the universe– Orbits of the planets

around the Sun were not circular (were elliptical- egg shaped)—Kepler’s First Law

Galileo

• Italian• Taught

mathematics• 1st. European to use

a telescope– Discovered

mountains on the Moon, four moons revolving around Jupiter, & sunspots

Church Response

• The Church ordered Galileo to recant his findings (contradicted the Bible & The Church’s beliefs)– He did so, but

lived the rest of his life under house arrest

Newton

• Professor of mathematics

• Principia– Defined 3 laws of motion that

govern the planetary bodies & objects on Earth

– Universal Law of Gravitation (gravity)

Medicine• Vesalius

– On the Fabric of the Human Body (1543)

– Dissected human bodies

• Harvey– On the Motion of the

Heart and Blood– Showed the heart

and veins/arteries

Harvey’s sketches of veins & arteries

Image in the Fabrica

Chemistry• Boyle

– One of the 1st. scientists to conduct controlled experiments

– Boyle’s Law- volume of a gas varies with the pressure exerted on it

• Lavoisier– Invented a system of

naming the chemical elements (founder of modern chemistry)

An animation of Boyle's Law, showing the relationship between volume and pressure when mass and temperature are held constant.

Lavoisier conducting an experiment on

respiration in the 1770s.

Bellringer *write questions and answer*

• Define geocentric. Who created that system?

• Define heliocentric. Who created that system?

• Who had the idea of gravity?

Women during the Scientific Revolution

• Margaret Cavendish– Aristocratic family– Critical of the belief that

humans, through science, were the masters of nature

• Maria Winkelmann– German astronomer

– Discovered a comet

– Denied a position as an assistant astronomer

Descartes

• French philosopher• Discourse on Method (1637)

– “I think, therefore I am”– Father of modern rationalism- reason is

the chief source of knowlege

Scientific Method

• Systematic procedure for collecting & analyzing evidence

Francis Bacon• English philosopher• Stated scientists should

use inductive reasoning to learn about nature– Practiced the Scientific

Method– Wanted science to

benefit industry, agriculture, and trade

CSWK/HMWK

Don’t have to write questions.

• P.299 #4-8 (do not do #7)

• P.324 #1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 17