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Scientific Naming System Part I Nomenclature Video AP1.3

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What is the difference between an element and a compound?

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Definitions Elements cannot be broken down by physical or chemical changes. Compounds are composed of 2 or more elements that can be broken down by chemical change. What type of matter can be broken down by physical changes?

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Ions Ions are elements with a charge. The reference table lists these charges for each element. If the element is positive, it is called a cation. Cations are named the same as the element. (Example: Ca=Calcium and Ca +2 =Calcium ion) If the element in negative, it is called an anion. Anions are named ending with -ide (Example: N=Nitrogen and N -3 = Nitride ion)

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You try: Mg +2 K + O -2 F - Li + I -

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Binary Compounds Binary Compounds consist of only two of elements. To name: write the complete name of the first element. The second element should then be named, ending in -ide. NaClsodium chloride KIpotassium iodide MgCl 2 magnesium chloride Ca 3 N 2 calcium nitride

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Remember: When naming, always name the positive, cation first and then the negative, anion last.

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You try Li 3 P Al 2 S 3 SrBr 2 Rb 2 O BaSe CsI

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Problem: FeCl 2 and FeCl 3 are different compounds but seem to have the same name. How can we name them different? FeCl 2 is iron (II) chloride FeCl 3 is iron (III) chloride. What do the roman numerals represent?

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Transition Metals and nonmetals Transition Metals are in the middle group of the periodic table. Nonmetals are on the right side of the staircase. They have multiple charges or oxidation numbers and so you must show which charge you are using with roman numerals: I II III IV V VI VII

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General Rule First Column:+1 Second Column:+2 Third Column:+3 Fourth Column:+4 Fifth Column:-3 Sixth Column:-2 Seventh Column:-1 Eighth Column:0

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Careful: This rule doesnt ALWAYS work for cations. Find the anions charge and equalize that with the cations charge.

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Try these FeCl 2 CuF ZnO N 2 O 3 SO 3 PCl 3 CH 4

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Criss-cross Rule To write a formula, write the two ions separately showing their charges. Charges are on the periodic table. Then, swap the two numbers and drop the sign: Calcium nitride:Ca 2+ N -3 Ca 3 N 2 Lithium oxide:Li + O -2 Li 2 O Notice, we dont write ones!

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Try these Potassium iodide Magnesium chloride Aluminum sulfide Hydrogen oxide Barium selenide Cesium phosphide Strontium phosphide Copper (II) flouride Iron (III) telluride

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Other Compounds When compounds have more than 2 elements, it contains a polyatomic ion. AgNO 3 silver nitrate CaCO 3 calcium carbonate LiClO 2 lithium chlorite NaOHsodium hydroxide (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 ammonium phosphate

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You try K 2 SO 4 CsNO 2 Ba(SCN) 2 SrClO 3 Al(HCO 3 ) 3 RbCN

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Try These Name:Write the formula: FeSCNNickel (III) Nitride CoCl 3 Manganese (II) sulfite NiBr 2 Zinc sulfate CuOTitanium (II) carbonate MnI 4 Gold (III) oxide Ag 2 SIron (III) Chloride

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Tricks for memorization: Memorize the -ates Any similar polyatomic with one more oxygen is a perate. Any similar polyatomic with one less oxygen is a ite. Any similar polyatomic with two less oxygens is a hypoite.

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Another note Occasionally you may see transition metals named using the old English system. You will not be tested on this, but it may be useful to keep in mind when reading textbooks/worksheets/etc. Rule: The ion with the smaller charge will end in ous and the ion with the larger charge will end in ic. All other naming rules still apply. Example: Ferrous Fe +2 Ferric Fe +3 More names appear in your textbook.

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Scientific Naming System Part II Nomenclature Video AP1.8

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Covalent Compounds Compounds with only nonmetals (elements on the right side of the staircase). 1mono- 2di- 3tri- 4tetra- 5penta- 6hexa- 7hepta- 8oct- 9non-

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Name or write the formula: NO H 2 O PCl 5 Cl 2 O 7 Carbon tetrachloride Phosphorous tribromide Silicon dioxide

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Acids Acids generally will start with a hydrogen and have to be in the aqueous form. Hydrogen ____ ide hydro _____ ic acid Hydrogen ____ ate ______ ic acid Hydrogen per__ ate per______ic acid Hydrogen ____ ite ______ ous acid Hydrogen hypo_ ite hypo_____ous acid

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Name the acids: HClO 4 HClO 3 HClO 2 HClO HCl HBr HF HI H 2 SO 4 H 2 SO 3 HNO 3 HNO 2 H 3 PO 4