CHAPTER 1

Scientific Measurement

International System of Units (S.I.)

Universally used by scientists Advantage of S.I.

Le Systeme International d’Unites Everything is in multiples of 10

Length / Distance

Length = measured in meters (m) 100 cm = 1 m : 3.3 ft = 1 m

Volume

Volume is the amount of space something occupies

Volume = measured in liters (L)To calculate the volume of a:

Rectangle – length x width x height Liquid – graduated cylinder Irregular object – water displacement

How to read a graduated cylinder

Place the graduated cylinder on a FLAT surface.

Move down to eye level Read the meniscus (level at the bottom of the

curve in the liquid)

Mass

Mass is the amount of matter in an objectMass = measured in grams (g) To calculate mass:

Use a balance scale – balance with an object of known mass

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**Mass is different from weight – weight is a measure of the pull of gravity Weight changes in different gravities, mass doesn’t change

Unlike mass, weight can be zero. An example of this is an astronaut floating in space - there's no gravity acting on his body and, therefore, he has no weight.

Weight is commonly measured in Newtons.

Temperature

Celsius is the most commonly used to express temperature. Celsius Fahrenheit

T(f) = 1.8C + 32 C = T(f) – 32 / 1.8

“King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk”

Metric Units

Kilo Hecta Deka Base Deci Centi Milli

x1,000 x100 x10 x1 1/10 1/100 1/1,000

meters (m) liters (L) grams (g)