Industrial Management.
(Majority Report
Frame
classes,
having
drawers
for
Prevents
Error
in
Factory
A
series
of
improvements
in
administration
by
many
engi-
difficult to select that
been
pubHshed
by
those
who
approach
the
subject
in
management
to
organized
labor.
The
more
important
briefly
in
together
cover
nearly
method of
shortest
possible
time
and
in
perfect
condition,
earn
more
chapter
illustrating
some
and
application
of
Another
investigation
growing
Taylor System,
day's
work,
organization,
in
many
cases
typical
methods
of
the
work
being
done
in
accordance
another evidence
subject.
Another
Mr.
Taylor
and
his
original
group
principle
in
the
movement,
output
and
reduction
done before
reasons for it and
The
original
Taylor
group,
subject
industrial
administration.*
approach
to
the
problems
of
salesmanship.^
The
growing
and
far-reaching
science,
effective
application
conditions
Fe,
stung.
results
attained,
particularly
they
need
is
decentralization
methods are those
determina-
tion
it. Time
frequently
used
letters.
layouts
adopted
printing
fraternity,
They
card
ordinary
mathematical
prob-
lems
have
been
constructed,
may
be
appUed
for
some
time
by
the
Taylor
group.
There
cardinal
principle
in
Mr.
Taylor's
system,
is
concerned.
Training
is
duly
emphasized
number of
attempt
bonus or
D.
Wright's
of the treatment of
and
prejudice
at some
leaders
workman is
Place,
vol.
18,
p.
279;
realize,
in
the
first
place,
that
labor
organization
to
premium
plans
are
those
by
very
existence
of
the
union,
Secretary
of
War,
Stimson.
operated.
The
first
two
departments
(namely
the
design
of
machinery,
and
its
con-
struction
and
operation)
have
receive.d
work,
the
arts
of
machine
design
and
adapt
or
modify
description
and
energetic,
these
of
problems
of
the
only
important
to
the
factory
owner,
the
superintendent,
intelligence
and
Mr.
that
the
majority
of
the
men
were
establishment
my
by
the
average
machinist
in
the
average
way.
Most
shops
obviously
incompetent
or
in
inefficiencies
not
obvious
their
attention.
This
is
being
conducted
lished
for
each
operation.
A
typewritten
or
blueprinted
instruc-
from
that
of
the
plant.
conditions
afifecting
the
cutting
speed,
each
of
exj>eri-
$800,000.
The
results,
certain
which will
given
machine.
We
manage-
which
are
of the first class arise from a lack
of
knowledge.
They
ought
to
that
one
job.
His
task
is
easy,
because
he
the
methods
of
work,
we
would
have
that
they
get
now,
nor
would
spending
money
an
general
disregard
selling
a
commodity,
if he
workmen can
that
they
can
accomplish
work,
to
go
at
more
tired
day
when
adopt
the
efficiency
a
very
much
larger
wealth
created
by
their
joint
the limits of
those who
one
plan
his
own
work
and
are
slack,
and
matter
often
exposed
to
unsanitary
conditions,
but
change
amount
of
effort
required
to
accomplish
a
given
task
may
lacking
in
strength
or
vigor
are
help)er
may
be
very
that
helped by
his
wages
will
be
increased
 
and
that
he
ought
75
is
paid
to
treat
it
as
though
the
workman
were
selling
his
larger
amount
answer
to
is
that
Americans
exactly
as
he
is
told.
gage
a
method
of
their
own,
which
is
usually
were true
under
scientific
management
from
the
beginning
the social welfare as habits of life which are unsani-
tary.
advantage
to
adopt
the
methods
of
scientific
management,
that
minute
all
objections
but
this
will
disappear,
but
this
one
is
ingrained
in
his
temp)erament
and
nervous
system,
things
to
eradicate,
that
in
wages
as
a
result
of
scientific
management,
but
community
for
a
considerable
period
of
time,
community
will
not
in
the
long
run
permit
of
it,
differ
mentally
and
physically
in
innumerable
ways,
order to
improvements
Finance.
The
plan
of
this
paper
by
Scientific
Management,
a
term
then
the
management.
To
do
earnings
of
this
group,
nor
does
it
they
would
be
were
their
form
of
management
the
systematized
various
printing
oflEices
found in
in
not
transmitted
in
writing.
The
varies
according
to
have been
will
show
proceeds.
Piece
work
is
used
wherever
possible,
employees
and
employer.
Under
systematized
management
the
system
keeps
things
people,
to
be,
and
today
week
periods
is
not
essential
to
scientific
management,
and
may
in
fact,
in
some
instances,
be
less
may
convenient
than
the
usual
how
to
always
act
cured.
This
is
not
an
extreme
example
by
any
means.
Another
minimum
mentioned
above
secure the
it
should
have
been
done.
This
most
efficient
manner.
In
the
training
of
or
delay.
functional
foreman
trained
to
his
specialty
will
do
this
more
effectively
than
of
the
man-
agement
to
do
everything
to
make
possible
and
profitable
this
increased
industry
interest;
that
is,
if
the
worker
engaged
each
operation,
that
standard
can
be
maintained.
fact that
years
because
I
should
have
been
working
on
a
plan
will
sooner
or
later
certain
laws
that
belong
to
management
and
time
and
money
that
govern
it
lose
time
in
that
way,
the
workman
planning
department,
done is indicated
any
one
machine,
any piece
nitely
stated
in
the
time
is to consume
materials
ready
to
start
do,
how,
when,
it,
before
done.
This
should be
done with
placed
done
by
the
production
clerk,
who
product
per-
do work
follows:
1
. The
best
the best
best,
and
the
possibility
of
a
machine
breaking
down
in
better
wages
business
is
require
that
the
best
tools,
paper,
forms
subject
has
having
therance
in
unskilled
work,
as
shoveling
material,
and
in
ancient
trades,
as
and
abridge
labor,
and
average
that
they
con-
a new
not
enough
managers
modem
The
pay,
a
specific
ruling
of
account
books,
not
every
department,
to
training
of
workmen,
and
outlines
practical,
require
allotment of
are
compelled
to
system
of
management
mere
demonstra-
tion,
the
mere
showing
that
a
thing
abandoned.
Later,
however,
other
attempts
53.
The
permanence
of
alleged experts
labor-saving management
number of
published
in
1832,
Economy
of
Machinery
and
Manufacture,
by
Charles
Babbage.
Table
i
gives
the
cost
and
operations
industries in
the
pink
of
condition,
ignored
undertake
to
expound
the
principles
of
machine
design.
Prob-
ably
the
wages
question
will
be
worked
out
in
industrial revolution
the
workman
to
the
machine.
What
actually
happened
vast
forces
of
nature;
who
was
unable
to
adjust
William C. Redfield on
which
I
appre-
ciation
by
the
financial
railroad
would
be
so
run
before,
and
which
not
only
gives
been
heretofore
possible,
transference
of
skill
only.
{d)
To
analyze,
measure
and
compare
new
methods,
and
micro-motion
sides
which
takes
place
management
it is
received
by
similar
hand
study,
however,
is
but
imper-
fectly
important
to
define
it
clearly.
quickly
found.*
{e)
Study
management
the
end
of
school
by
an
average
and
forgotten.
He
may
be
has
heretofore
by
other
writers
the
first
of
weight,
therefore,
the
operator
has
to
put
individual
sheets
of
paper.
he
should
take
four,
as
he
naturally
will
do
if
he
plan
of
furnishing
the
paper.
The
paper
was
always
counted,
plan
of
take.
For
determination
rates
are
set.
The
men
immediately
begin
to
of
all
dealings
closely
allied
to
industrial
companies
by
trained
experts.
These
experts
are
other
hand,
every
client
of
the
potent
factor
when
handling
clients'
work.
the
correct
principles
the
important
thing
principles
as
applied
to
industrial-
perfection
which
conjunction
jobs
are
identical
and
full
work
goes
of
evolu-
direction and
particularly
im-
p)ortant
matter
in
complete
the
work
in
prosecute
the
detail
work,
company.
sought,
imtil
they
authority upon
conmiercial
activity.
ESTABUSHING
STANDARDS
OF
direction of labor
will form
steps
and
results
on
the
point
of
the
cutting
that the wonder-
in
the
country,
to
four
ever been able
the
better means
same
pay,
the
men
agreeing
had been done
aware,
an
organized
resistance
money
required,
however,
the
proposed
to
rear.
preparatory
good
Taylor recognized
system
according
to
agreement
without
added to our
be
actually
through
the
storm
which
anywhere,
for a new
nected with
product.
To
explain
in
necessary.
This
at its
proper speed
feed and
cut as
by
which
high
speed
Now
below
progress
of
the
work
through
the
shop
and
whole
ahead at his
definitely
known,
of
harmonies,
and
being
an
artist
in
his
line
he
In
original
work,
the
incentive,
therefore,
than from
depend
upon
the
individual
effort
put
forth
in
production.
The
to
measure
more
accurately
and
principles
which
will
enable
to enable
piece
of
the
tool;
of
cutting
metals.
(b)
The
finding
was
kept.
In
study-
ing
these
laws
we
system
of
supply
pipes
led
Steel
Company
in
1899,
possible
to
give
run with
a coarse
of
self-hardening
rapid
work.
The
gain
work was
experimenters
in
this
field
upon
the
the
variables
constant
except
phenomena
considered
unimportant
be
completely
ruined
after
having
conditions.
For
example,
if
we
wish
to
investigate
made,
;
of
procedure
constitutes
the
very
foundation
of
successful
investigation
minutes.
In
the
meantime,
we
interesting
though
rather
humiliating
greatest
importance
are,
generally
speaking,
fully
interesting
the
in
a
way
so
typical
(i)
the
first
impression
used,
and
with
desk,
be
done.
substitution
of
our
whole
task
system
of
management
for
the
old
into an
direct the intro-
duction of this
it;
and
any
improvement
in
a
stand-
ardized
shop
ground
by
one
man
to
a
few
simple
but
rigidly
maintained
shapes
than
to
have,
pay-roll
and
separating
is
far
simpler
to
all
simplicity,
not
compHcation.
is
littie,
if
any,
economy
in
power
obtainable
the threshold
suited,
each
man
preserves
his
own
individual-
ity
and
is
supreme
which all
to the
the
typewriting
be
felt
ultimately
and
permanently,
not
only
in
the
to
be
sp)oken
on
just
say
did
in
the
same
way
printed
system
more
than
pays
for
itself
as
it
proportion
of
non-producers
to
producers
means
increased
economy
and
erecting
the
structure,
and
it
may
be
safely
progress,
and
this
subject
from the
any
more
than
there
must
be
no
falling
off
in
output.
If
the
enduring,
the
system
can
be
of
must
be
to work
to
overcome
them.
Nothing
a
man
whose
authority
and
responsibilities
bleaching
cotton
goods,
etc.
3.
This
situation
new because
Mr.
Taylor
has
so
generously
made
attempt.
3.
In
many
cases
such
an
effort
will
cease
after
three hours
stand,
I
accepted
a
position
as
superintendent
one
that
shop,
tighten
doing
so.
being
attained
at
Midvale;
element
in
expense
incur-
Administration
and
Finance
problem,
scientific
methods
analysis
side of the
superintendents
and
foremen
difficult
to
accept
by
others.
Should
a
man
to
primi-
tive,
lishment
should
approach
this
subject.
It
may
other
hand,
me
to
say
that
the
mentality
which
would
receive
the
initial
impressions
with
obtained from
plan
to
pursue
in
beginning
of
Scientific
Management,
as
activity
manifest
themselves;
one,
strange
to
say,
the new
principle
to
time,
is
continually
tabulating
edge
is
imperative.
Furthermore
these
men
are
expert
not
only
shop
engineer.
The
to the
CHIPPma
RICflPT
TO
Ul
ON
DATI
OF
(HIPMCNT.
Form
ya.
by
the
in
the
purchase
department.
explained
7/16'
to
from
storeroom
to
go
balance of
necessary
data
re
operations
are
placed
in
the
despatching
box,
in
sequence
by
order
numbers.
On
of
them.
machine
designated
ITVIIHI*
initials
on sheet to
Classes
of
Work
parts
or
time allowed he
good
reason.
any
identified
by
a
number,
thus:
23
sprocket
#103.
are
prepared
for
each
machine
of
STORES
AND
HAVE
 
while
open.
It
is
closed
at
starting
stands,
materials
every
month,
resulting
in
shop
cost
to
date.
After
the
total
shop
little
larger
than
that
applied
to
drawings,
parallel
saving
in
the
drawing
—
other
expense
Note.
before
any
motors and
for
repairing
and
main-
taining
all
belts
new
in
moving
materials
in
the
machine
shop.
Also,
oiling
and
cleaning
Charges
goes
to
round
mechanic
of
yesterday
is
the
engineer,
the
draftsman,
the
chemist,
and
the
hours
of
labor
and
to
homes,
more
conveniences
time to
piece
of
work,
nine
times
out
of
ten,
feed
Scientific
Management
to
bring
together,
analyze,
and
prove
the
vast
amount
of
management by
most
suitable
bought.
Finally,
he
must
done; (6)
Clerk),
shipped,
and
upon
information
from
the
Balance
of
constantly
looking
ahead
to
assure
himself
of
the
possibility
and
probability
overloaded
file.
With
respect
to
work
in
progress
a
consult
frequently
with
quantity
kind
of
material
required
parts,
if
any,
material stores. These he
shows in the order
made
convenience,
will
the
column
showing
materials
apportioned,
subtracting
it
from
the
balance
there
shown,
and
system
of
apportionment
important
matters.
The
question
of
material
being
on
group,
etc.
The
the
symbol
we
would
parts;
operator
understands
the
requirements
and
gets
started
right,
work,
and
The
operation
a
receptacle
amount of work that he could when left to follow
the
jobs (operation
third,
fourth,
times
laid
out
ahead
bulletin
board
in
the
shop
conveniently
clerk
time
to
keep
it
going.
If
not,
work
waiting
to
be
done,
the
workman
may
the machine
the
machine
what
remains
job
piece
work,
discussing
methods
with
them,
assigning
work,
a
foreman,
and
the
particular
also
have
at
diameter,
the
time
required
to
plane
the
and
calls
for.
The
milling
machine
table,
after
being
the
gang
boss
for
removal
to
proper
kept
functional foremen. He should
be best
respect
he
would
under
a
single
general
advantage
to
follow
bosses is to
shop.
Arguments
characteristics
and must also
work
in
be
painstaking,
speed
boss
man
would
use
in
the
large
machine
shop
of
the
Bethlehem
Steel
Company,
and
reproductions
time,
to
give
an
to the most
of a
be turned
8.
stiff
enough
to
permit
of
this,
does
require
variables
but
relations with each other
variables,
its
solution
becomes
necessarily
point
(i)
general
form:
difference
3,
equations
tion
rules
made
for
the
Bethlehem
Steel
Company,
while
in
of it
that all the
up
trifle and
to have
taken
up
in
the
body
of
this
paper,
operation
the
kind
piece
may appear
accomphshment.
day's
great
deal
of
attention.
This
centering
had, however,
drop
to
seven
to
getting
the
full
output
balance is
out of
superintendents
the
efficiency
paper
men
to
follow,
man's
only
their
chance
for
increase
of
wages,
but
been but
difficult
commodity
of
other
departments,
understood
to
need
discussion,
and
the
only
reason
pro-
duction
card
system,
of
are
placed
in
a
rack,
which
to the
machine
num-
ber
only
on
one
card,
or another
size
as
the
cards,
and
be
put
hand. The
men's record
labor.
of work done
is not so
they
are
knowledge points
out the
Card does for the
system
is
harmonious
working
get
still
greater
harmony
between
the
different
departments
and
greater
economy
of
manufacture.
Where
prompt improvement
capable
of
using
the
system
must
work
done
they
be
kept
in
time
hunting
down witli the
from
which
classes,
having
diawen
for
stocking
milling
cutters.
PRE,
weight
of
the
large
quantity
of
heavy
tools
carried
by
them.
The
compart-
ments
of
various
classes,
and
drawers
for
stocking
milling
cutters,
these
illustrates
in
a
piece
of
work
in
the
for
in
by
hand,
and
that
therefrom. This
replaced
or
written
day
to
day
to
insure
against
loss
the tool room
a
practice
in
all.
The
use
experience
in
establishing
a
system
of
growth
and
any
variation
in
quantity
connection
between
dogs, they
machine,
An
example
size,
gaps
should
be
and
complexity.
And
in
the
second
place,
to
identify
all
even this miniature
attempt
to
answer
only
the
first
question
material
at
nothing.
A
mnemonic
sym-
bol
which
thing symbolized,
often
of
the
is
there-
fore
not
really
simple,
to
give
mnemonic
quality
to
shoe
store
in
basis
for
going
its
needs.
Our
friend's
shoe
store,
for
example,
can
symptom
in-
formation
in
regard
business
is
one
who
records
was. It has
depend
go
from
record
performed.
workman,
to
M
CU
CU
C/3
(/J C/3 CO t/3 -y) (/3 t/l C/J (/3 t/l CO
to t/J
line is
tent
with
efficient
and
economical
operation.
The
stores
pound
of
explanation,
the classifiable remainder it is obvious that some of them
can
be
O S
the
dimensions
elsewhere
classified
SV-Y
SV-K
SV-Z
SV-L
Lubricants
and
liquids
not
elsewhere
classified
Note
that
SV-T,
Tools
and
implements
not
elsewhere
classified,
refers
to
classification,
you
remember,
I
and
over
again.
It
is
important,
however,
that
we
keep
track
of
different
lots
U.OXH^iidHjSZEU0«c/;H:3>^><>*tS
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zzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
uuuuuuououuuouo
O
tfl
11
II
u
04
u
04 04
u u
this
particular
business,
filing systems
elapsed
term
symbolized,
correspondence
of
the
made,
way
is
to
times better
of the
be used for
properly
done,
the
classification
index
is
elastic,
self-expanding,
un-
severe
penalty
in
case
of
failure,
appealed
to
managers
generally
which
they
 
annoy
the
men
The first is
study
that
along
the
shaft;
and
measuring
the
only
necessary
for
the
operator
to
place
one
end
against
the
gage.
3.
It
was
found
in
setting
accomplishment
may
be
started.
what we mean
Handling
time
in
machine
shop
work,
and
in
things
as
putting
bolts,
clamps,
etc.,
on
work;
putting
done
on
totally
into
the
spindle,
year
after
year,
in
spite
are
supplied
the work for
are
not
up
laboriously
long.
It
is
no
exaggeration
to
say
that
spend
fifteen
minutes
in
trying
to
clamping
bolt.
0.04
this
event,
he
description
file,
and
indexed
for
each
of
the
adjustments
or
manipulations
of
invol-
ving
the
use
3 3 3 3
3^
333333333333
analyze
things
study
rence,
and
then
consumed
by
each
in
high
to
the
uninitiated
bears
naturally
the
appearance
of
red
tape.
But
these
things
do
not
demonstrated
for
years
under
scientific
management.
of
selling,
too,
and
many
people
are
trying
to
already
for the same
upon
the
man-
agement
be reduced
oul
exactly
what
these
indirect
expenses
were,
are
accurately
ascertained.
more valuable
accomplished,
the
next
thing
to
do
is
to
classify
these
items
into
a
few
very
broad
groups.
This
classification
may
be
made
by
the
aid
of
the
questions
on
the
chart.
See
written
off
immediately
when
purchased)
or
BGS
Supplies
and
stationery
associations
BGT
Traveling
BGE
Equipment
as
follows:
the
B's.
The
entire
indirect
and
DBX
(if
the
expense
shall
be
care-
fully
analyzed
and
re-grouped,
so
distributing
indirect
expenses,
and
every
expert
can
say
It is as
not
facts;
fifteen
should, therefore,
sales
in
departments,
and
article.
depart-
ment
but,
as
with
any
logic
whatever,
that
distributed.
That
of
much
store
by prices;
by
this
means.
It
analysis
is
by
lines
and
prices
in
only
stronger
reason
why
selling
than
that
a
factory
going.
In
general
rapid
as
in
If
for
any
reason
it
is
wanted,
department
to
the
shelves,
the
quantity
issued,
the
requisition
remembered
that
very
long
without
frequent
checking,
for a
in
practice.
understanding
in
the
office;
now
sure
that
properly performed,
man-
agement
from
employee
to
the
management,
where
they
belong.
the
difficulty
of
finding
exceptionally
skilled
experts
to
specialize
in
that
310,000
repair
can
be
owners of
producing transportation.
a
result
only
one-
third
States
for
managed might adopt
sees
fit.
With
railroads,
resistance
Commercial
and
the
consequent
to its
and
experiments
in
perfecting
rail
design
and
cross-tie
preser-
vation;
high efficiency
that the skeletons
community
is
directly
rendered.
The
the
quantity
or
quality
could
have
taken
place
(standards),
taken
place
(records).
Liberal
expenditures
with the
Here
again
we
by
a
slower
machine
which
besides
being
far
cheaper
the
jaw
of
a
riveter
by
an
expensive
types
the
organ-
ization
is
composed,
and
proper
records
of
any
business.
fully
determined,
in
great
detail,
so
that
all
units
will
carefully
parallel
that
be
diligently
studied
by
the
careful
observations
and
plotting
by
the
navigators
We
quote
from
the
with
which
to
make
good
this
could be saved.
operations
of
railways
railroading
duced
engineers
known
position
for
railway
managers
to
cided reductions in
chance it
must be
success that has been
knowledge
recog-
nition
of
they
would
enlighten.
The
an extent
as to
relations
of
efficiency
artificial
systems,
to
secure
permanently
good
results,
forgetting
after
two
years
acquainted
himself
with
the
machines
and
their
capacity.
He
mingled
with
the
men
and
gained
to
enable
the
men
to
earn
more.
Within
ignored.
Little
pains
are
taken
to
explain
if
thought,
reference to
scientific man-
imposing
array
of
examples
of
extremely
low
efficiency,
treatment,
announce-
backed
up
by
low
efficiency
and
consequent
high
it had
danger
that
their
reputations
will
will
claims
of
the
pseudo-scientists
who
Then
by
another
simple
calculation
of
charges
and
credits,
and
years.
The
p)ossible
economies
through
one
speaking
with
such
authority.
It
plant
of
a
certain
system
of
shop
management)
is
put
efficiency
repeatedly.
Those
mistakes,
which
have
impatience
for
results.
The
in
detail;
for
those
among
the
efficiency
men
law
of
the
survival
lamentable
ignor-
ance
of
their
fundamental
practice
by
workman's
interests
the
method of
can
earn
more
exact
observation,
day
reached,
paper,
the
following
index
to
its
contents
is
given:
Ordinary system
 
systems
of
management
93
Cooperation
part
of
the
superintendents
to
secure
anything
even
approaching
of the com-
of
a
few
employees.
7.
union,
and
the
strike,
increased,
and
that
they
are
given
—
union.
14.
Every
manufacturer
piece
work
system;
and
yet
how
few
employers
are
willing
to
go
to
the
trouble
and
expense
of
the
foreman,
and
a
simple
system
of
labor
returns,
worry.
18.
good
day
work
manufacturer
is
exceedingly
simple.
Each
workman,
workman's interest
then to
for
war,
and
enable
the
managers
and
the
writer's
opinion,
however,
guaranteeing
ordinary
system
of
piece
work
is
the
 
in
small
towns,
remote
from
the
manufacturing
centres,
or
in
industries
which
in
and their
nearly
statement arises
the hardest
tool steel.
system.
elements of the
speed
or
anywhere
shortest
possible
time,
and
without
imperfections,
what the
day's
work.*
59.
It
is
company
which
common
interest
to
co-
operate
to
and
to
man
should
be
encouraged
would far
feeling
in
it,
than
say,
there
is
absolutely
no
reason
for
labor
unions
system
on
employers.
They
are
not
soured,
as
under
the
old
panacea
for
all
and
must
continue
to
be
regulated
by
small
ripple
or
wave
of
prosperity
effect on
done,
similar
to
the
In
paragraph
15
valuable a
man to
that
course
necessary
to
secure
the
maximum
output.
It
besetting
the
piece
work
plan,
workmen.
They
are
full
of
distrust,
introduction;
on
the
rate. After the
jobs.
Other
under
things,
talk-
ing
nothing. Regarding
stronger
than
Mr.
Taylor
to
repel
Taylor
a
question
about
a
matter
upon
which
he
turns out
cut
down,
so
money per day.
very important
effect on
the character
exp)ense
and
put
in
new
rivets,
the
in-
troduced,
the differential rate.
equal
importance
is,
that
it
spurs
certainly
thoughtful
and
well-meaning
persons,
that
there
in
latter
years
which
have
been,
I
think,
equally
harmful.
Among
pay
as
another
man,
irrespective
of
than
anything
machines would
leave them
done
on
a
piece
rate
basis.
Figured
by
daily,
but
without
effect;
the
carpenter
who
applied
fixed
sum,
and
th6
anything
but
sub-
foremen.
This
policy
is
rapidly
waning
in
popularity,
all
mental
rather
than
physical,
as
market. In
workmen. So
than no incentive
brought
into
play
only
course this
highly organized
enthusiastic
loyalty
of
the
employees.
Sometimes
that
is
done
by
the
on the Santa
athletic
sports
on
unpopular
product
quite
independently
of
large
work
each
group
engaged
in
the
process
of
and
marketing.
by employers
compared
comparatively
scarce;
the
demand
advantage
in
which
insurance,
a
nega-
if
pay.
them.
 
output,
and
where
the
output
depends
largely
on
the
way
largely
mental
roaring
flame
by
the
policy
today
possible,
is
established;
devise
for
six
hours,
and
one-half
hours.
Now,
a better
regard
it
is
impossible
to
beat
management;
and
arbitrary
systems
of
efficiency
part
The Sante
trains,
so
they
carried
their
point,
and
the
engineers
are
doing
eventually
in
TO
THE
WAGE
PROBLEM
By
C.
BERTRAND
THOMPSON
Reprinted
by
permission
for
a
day
if
another
would
make
axes
the
job;
for
to
the
employer,
the
natural,
workman
has
himself
established
the
rate
of
production
of
industrial
organ-
ization
employers
and
Often also
nothing
day's
pay
and
ignorance
as
historic methods of
equation
accurately
and
scientifically
scientist
in the
measurements of
has
gained
for
the
Taylor
system
the
investigator,
placed
by
his
dependence
upon
other.
But
the
labor
bonus,
determined
by
the
conditions
of
the
industry,
in
that
of
society.
wage
problem
you
shall
adopt
it
organization.
This
involves
modem
obvious
fact
pump,
a
cream-separator,
high
working-hours
only
for
recuperation
and
preparation
for
another
day's
work.^
and
employers
would
employment
for
it
may
also
fact
that
many
workers
were
adversely
affected
by
day wage
bargain
essential
part
of
the
work
of
building
the
canal;
it
was
an
integral
part
of
scien-
tific
management
and
of
good
business
policy
as
applied
to
that
great
undertaking.
Surely
the
same
principles
apply
to
the
management
of
cooperation
of
the
almost
sacreligious,
in
doubt,
to
say
nothing
of
firmly
in
modern
methods
of
production
and
in
questions
pro-
ducer;
physical
employer
concentrate
labor
in
hardly
be
desirable;
and
in
the
hands
of
and
improved
tools.
Parallel
between
of
labor-saving
machinery.
All
the
possibihties
opened
up
at
?
competence
is
a
rarity.
Instead
of
the
individual
independence
which
every
labor-saving
process,
they
are,
as
a
rule,
Uttle
the
principles
of
scientific
management.
comfortable.
All
the
new
described
in
the
following:
This
is
working
for the
team
was
loaded,
however,
with
the work.
accidents
occurring
in
the
works
many
others
which
Department,
through
painstaking
study,
by
methods
be
expected
in
which
the
total
time
may
and
periods,
usually
more
as to the
by
unscientific
methods
as
by
at;
and
it
or
the
premiums
which
they
earn.
So
that
assign
as
many
men
as
time in
Government
service,
is
either
discharged
or
fails
to
earn
a
which
best
way
to
proceed,
in
the
following
statement
in
by
such
men
wagon
is
something
very
simple
and
plain.
We
will
all
agree
big pKjwerful
so
changed
effort
has
set
point
was
at i
hour and
practicable
Complaint
No.
p.
weather. That
pounds
capacity
in
40
pound
shovel,
caused
by
the
kept
at
the
arsenal.
Most
were
injured
in
the
machine
shop,
The
fact
of
to
system
wages
except
through
admonished for
ought
therefore
legislation
upon
the
subject
and did
already
bulky
communication.
Respectfully,
William
Crozier,
Brigadier
General,
importance
to
workman's
own
determination
are
the
form
of
cutting
tool
manu-
facture,
of
the
amount
ment of
preserve
their
efficiency;
for
example,
the
proper
maintenance
when
that still
that it shall be
a
board,
accomplish
by
these
methods,
the
employees
the
changes
to
introduce
practical
trial
of
that,
in
the
absence
of
any
positive
evidence
he
in
180
minutes
each,
in
per
cent
over
his
regular
rate,
which
applied
to
part
of
premium system,
tage
which would
job,
account of which
minutes
each
was
not
difficult
of
accomplishment
the rate of
as
virtual
slavery,
part
end
of
wages
and
held
hearings
there,
at
Boston,
New
York,
and
Washington,
covering
a
period
short,
the
study
and
The
logical sequence
study
was
greater
afterwards
along giving
does not
feature
might
remain
these men could
have been em-
living.
I
occasion
sur-
prise,
therefore,
numerous.
producing
a
propor-
of men
the work has
handle the
absorbed.
It
surplus
material
was
used
was
accomplished
by
arsenals as
necessary legislative
MEET,
not
duty
to
see
bringing
the
workmen.
. . . Under
to
physically
And
he
practically
living
with
their
families
in
very
attractive
houses
in
pleasant
villages
near.
girl
who
may
dry
about
$10
strain,
as
years,
however,
several
women,
both
at
the
yarding
and
tentering
machines,
had
cases
traceable
to
any
one
process
the new
system,
or
the
bonus
system,
one
girl
used
to
fold,
inspect,
and
ticket.
$10
and
$11
said
work
was
tiring,
and
more
tiring
under
the
new
system
than
before,
as
the
number
of
pieces
lifted
light
refreshment,
and
sometimes
took
Another
strong
worker,
employed
on
heavy
material
j
though
she
liked
intermittent.
The
girls
who
knot,
or
run
of each
inquiry,
all
the
the
department,
where
the
girls
were
out
again,
even
lengthwise
and
crosswise.
The
away
to
a
mangle,
where
they
period
while
the
machine
is
not
running.
A
breakage
sheet
again
in
one
stronger
strand;
bobbin.
There
overpowering
to
a
visitor.
While
many
of the
these
operations
is
by
fre-
quent
sweeping
and
mopping
the
floor
and
wiping
off
the
machinery.
Report
on
Condition
of
Women
and
Child
Wage-earners
the
worker
especially
susceptible
or
help.
Mrs.
MacDermott,
the
speeder
tender
herself,
more
fiat-rate,
a
bonus
equivalent
very
deft
young
Polish
girl,
and
from
rapidity,
before.
But
the
were in
present
owner,
the
superinten-
The
girls
stand
bonus
was
ill
for
a
week,
it had
been Mr.
in four
industry
not
only
com-
pletely
multitudes,
dreamed than
that the
industry by
that
original system
employer's
standpoint
scientific
manage-
ment
was
an
unqualified
success.
It
was
allowed to
per
hour.
He
stated
that
any,
for
then
we
they
make
by
the
demon-
strator
an
incident
was
decided
that
a
certain
piece
twelve,
each
having
an
important
bearing
are
relaxed,
man
reverts
to
the
savage
state.
This
always
becomes
apparent
In
the
moral
and
the
economic
world,
first
directed
in
a
upheavals
brought
about
by
decreases,
however
insignificant,
in
the
pro-
duction
of
food
stuffs.
Consumers
suffer
keenly
from
it,
as
have
often,
by
reaction,
the
producers
provoke
these
economic
disturbances
by
unreasonable
demands,
for
once
in
accord
with
of the
discuss a cost
individual
production
these
elementary
truths
will
surely
be
generally
accepted.
Organization
of
the
Engineer
Division
Aboard
Ship,
E.,
vol.
28,
Engineering Magazine,
Pay.
Am-
erican
Engineer