ABSTRACT WRITING

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SECTIONS OF AN ABSTRACT

Background

Methodology

Result

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1. BACKGROUND

Shortest section

2 – 3 sentences

Talk about what is known about the subject

What is not known about the subject

The objective of your research

Avoid lengthy information

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1. BACKGROUND

Example:

Fish parasites have always been known to be good indicators of host migration and fish stock populations. Freshwater fish parasites have been extensively studied for metal bioaccumulation but for marine fish parasites not much work has been done. Hence this work is on the bioaccumulation in parasites of marine fish and their potential role as pollution indicator.

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2. METHODOLOGY

2nd longest section after results

What was done?

How it was done?

Important information:

- sample size

- duration

- formula

- number of replicate and etc

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2. METHODOLOGY

Example:

The seaweed samples: G. manilaensis and H. edulis were collected from Johor and Penang Island, respectively. After acclimatization, 5g.L-1 of G. manilaensis and 5 g.L-1 of H. edulis healthy thalli were grown in triplicates of 10 L tanks with the ratio of ammonium to phosphate of 5:1 in five different combinations (0.5:0.1, 1:0.2, 5:1, 10:2, 20:4 mg.L-1) for 14 days. Ammonium, phosphate, seaweed fresh weight and salinity were determined on day 0, 7, and 14.

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3. RESULT

Research outcome

The most crucial section

Greatest details

Avoid abstraction or descriptive writing style

In most cases, immediately follow with conclusion

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3. RESULT

Example:

After 10 days exposure to V. harveyi, probiotic-treated shrimp had significantly greater (p<0.05) survival (54.3%) compared with non-treated shrimp (35.5%). Immune responses were substantial in both treatment groups following the 10-day challenge, but were more pronounced with the probiotic-treated shrimp. The PI was significantly greater with probiotic-treated shrimp (2.7"0.8) compared with controls (0.6"0.3). Bacillus S11 provided disease protection by activating both cellular and humoral immune defenses, as well as presumably providing competitive exclusion in the shrimp’s gut.

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CONCLUSION

Background

Methodology

Result

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