Science, Technology and Society Information and Communication Technologies

for Development Ethics/Privacy

One topic from one of these each week

At the end of the quarter you will pick a specific topic from one of these two and write a paper about the topic and how it fits in with ICTD or ethics

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Big themes in ICTD

Mobile phones are the thingThere are more mobile phones in the world

than toothbrushes

Leverage limited numbers of highly trained peopleUse technology to empower less-trained

people

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Challenges

Some are technologicalPower

Some are socialLiteracy

Social scientists and technologists must work together

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Topics in ICTD Livelihood Education Medicine Data Collection and Reporting

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Natalie Linnell, Richard Anderson, Guy Bordelon, Rikin Gandhi, Bruce Hemingway, S.B. Nadagouda, Kentaro Toyama

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How do we improve access to education Given shortage of teachers?

Primary education Livelihood and adult education

6Photos: dsh.cs.washington.edu,

One Approach: Facilitated Video

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Excellent educator

Recorded at one site

Video shown to students at another site by aFacililtator who leadsinteraction around the video

Idea: combine strengths of lecture and discussion

Facilitated Video has been used in Rural India for Primary school education Health education Agricultural education

Digital Green

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Primary school education Health education Agricultural education

Digital Green

Photos: dsh.cs.washington.edu

The work discussed here was done with Digital Green

Digital Green Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Facilitated video for agricultural extension

Teaching farmers better farming practices

Help existing agricultural organizations switch to facilitated video

Over 2,500 shows in

January 2011 488 villages with

recent shows

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Benefits of Facilitated Video It enables a less skilled person to lead class Provides teacher training while teaching

BUT it relies heavily on the facilitatorInteraction is vitalThe quality of interaction matters

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How can we ensure high quality and quantity

of interaction?Technology to increase capabilities of facilitators

Goal:

Use technology in facilitated video to provide structure to the interactionsupport to the facilitator

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Contributions of this work:

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Identifying the kind of support that is helpful to the facilitatorTargeted facilitation advice

Building two different technological solutions to provide support

Field testing and evaluating these solutionsWith a real deployment

Custom hardware remote control Audio Codes/Android Device

Approach: Provide prompts to the facilitator When to stop the video

What to sayOn a handheld device

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There is a challenge: How does the device know what video is playing and where it is?

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We developed two different approaches

to this problem

Why two separate approaches? The two approaches have

complementary strengths and weaknesses

Rather than guessing which was betterEvaluate in the field with real users

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First Approach: “Smart” Remote Control

Custom hardware device Normal remote control

+ screen for presenting information When the user puts the DVD into the

player, they enter that DVD’s ID

number Then the device tracks button presses to

know which video is playing and at what time offset

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Second Approach:Audio Codes + Android Application Create (audible) “audio codes”

with distinctive frequency distribution

Embed them into the video at regular intervals

An Android-based application Activates the microphoneListens to audioUses simple digital signal

processing to the detect codes and display the correct information

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Audio Codes

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User responseIn interviews, all users said: They liked using the deviceIt helps them remember the points they should highlightWithout it sometimes they would forget points Facilitating was easier; without the device they needed to watch the video more closely

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This is a solution people can and will use

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Conclusions Support for the facilitator has a number of benefits

Improved interactionIncreased confidenceFacilitation trainingMaking facilitation easier

Context mattersAffects which benefits are realizedThe setting and the users matter

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