science started in india

8/6/2019 Science Started in India

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Nastiks were divide into three sects of Darshan (religion): Lokayata(Charbak), Buddha(Buddhism) and Jain(Jainism). In each sect of these ninesets of religion the Matter was the key point and to get relief of physical andmental earthly agony the practitioners aimed at salvation (Mokshya) and notrelief (Mukti).

Out of these, Jainism preaches the existence of Matter as living one andinert ones and non violence to all the matters is the theme. Professor PCmahalnobis believed the belief on SAT are the ancient basis statistics SATASTI< SAT NASTI


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(urbanized dwellings) of Ponees whose way of lifestyle (religion) was markedas Sindhu or Hindu. Ponees had link with panya the merchandise.Aryans won over and the Vedic era started to move forward.According to Sanskrit Pundits Prama means knowledge and Praman meansSources of valid (true) knowledge. Pramanyabad means Theory of validity or

truism. So there was swato- Pramanyabad (Theory of Intrinsic Validity) andParato- Pramanyabad (Theory of extrinsic Validity). The phenomenon thatcan not be proved practically by mastery was known as Maya- the mysteryor the magic. The Vedic rishis (sages) ultimately praised the knowledge of non Vedic scholars in their own style. In Rik Veda, the mystery of Mitra-Varun, the Asurs, were elaborated .Barun measured space with the help of Sun. The spell or charm of Mitra-Barun circumscribes the moving sun inspace. Vedas are four. Contents of each is called as Brahman(wisdom) andthe annexure are called Aranyak(Branches) and the notes attached arecalled as Upanishad( explanation or interpretation). However, the Aranyakand Upanishads are still today regarded as sacred and holy scriptures. Theoldest five Upanishads are five in numbers: Aitereya, Brihadaranyak,Chhandogyo, taittiriyo and kouseetaki and they contain parables.

GEOGRAPHY : The Puranas and Brahmanas classified the land Surrounded by Sagar (sea) as Dvipa(island) which in realityExpressed the existence of continents, mentioned theParvatas (Hills/ Mountains).The Buddhism and Jainism alsocontributed a large section of scientific invention and in lookin the Mother Nature, Sakamvari(Bosundhara/Bosumati

/Bosumata).In Nepal Mount Everest is called as Sagarmatha( a peakfrom ocean).

MATHEMATICS: The Chandogya Upanishad, Mundaka Upanishad,Vedanga Yotisha, Aitareya Brahmana, TaitteriyaBrahman, Satpatha Brahman speaks of Computing(Ganita), Astronomy (Yotish-The study of 5Grahas27Naksh-atras-Chandra-12Adityas) and Geometry and Trigonometry

(Kalpa).To measure earthen (sun-burnt) Barrages to hold

Water for drinking and cultivation, to share the food stuff inCommunity, to build pyre (alter) for Yajnas (rites of perfor-ming worship for a certain purpose).The Number-systemwent beyond trillions(nyarbuda)-samudra ,Madhya, Anta, andParardha and between zero and one viz.pal, dando, lahma,nimesh, kshan (24hours/1944000) etc.Units were alsomarked as Roti, Vori,anjali ,Yojon and tola etc.A few numbers(e.g., 2,3,5,8,9,10) were sacredly maintained

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to keep on multiplying and dividing and doing square root ,cube root and methods of Arithmetic as algebra was notthere. Kharosthi and brahmi numerals can claim same statusas of Babylonian numerals. Brahmagupta and BhaskaraIIused yavat-tavat (simple),varga(quadratic),Ghana (cubic)and

Varga-varga (biquadratic) samikaran/samakran/sadrisikaran(equation).Indian (Hindu/Jain/Buddhist) months are named by theNames Stars(Nakshatra) and the dates are named by thenames of Planets and Moon except Sombar-Monday & Rabibar-Sunday.Zodiacs are named after the constellation of stars.

CHEMISTRY :People of the Indus Valley Civilization (c2500-1800 BC) wereskilled in employing a wide range of chemical processes. The glazed pottery found in Mohenjo-daro represents Indianorigin. Quartz with clay was used to make the body of the potand the glaze was made of a fusible silicate(sodium silicatemade from fusing soda with sand).Seals found in the excavations had glazes made of a fusedmixture of powdered cornelian and soda, oxides of manga -nese copper and iron were used for making colored faience.Brown glazed pottery articles, both slip-glazed and paint-glazed, were the common varieties. The Indus Valley peopleused lime, gypsum and sand as constituents of mortar. Theyemployed gypsum cement as plaster for houses, By the process of casting and forging copper, Tin and the alloybronze, the Indus Valley people manufactured tools of allvarieties, weapons, domestic utensils, statuettes, bangles,finger-rings, ear-rings, amulets, wires and rods. Gold andSilver were used for jewels and ornamental vessels. Silver wasextracted from an argent ferrous lead ore. A gold-silver alloy,Electrum, was found in Mohenjo-daro.A large variety of minerals and ores were used, for makingornamental beads, pendants and other kinds of jewels.Lollingite and Leucopyrites were utilized for the preparation of Arsenious oxide arsenic. white lead was possibly utilized for

Plasters, eye-salves and paints. The art of dyeing cotton withthe red coloring matter of madder root.Post-Harappan People(c1800-1500BC) knew the use of iron implements long beforethe advent of Aryan.Vedic period (c1500-600BC) referred the use of gold , silver ,Copper, Bronze, tanning of Hides for making slings, head-strings, reins and whips, natural vegetable coloring , Soma-Ras (brewing alcoholic drinks).

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Post-vedic period (c600BC-800AD) forms the most flourishingand fruitful age as far as it concerns the development of thescience of chemistry in ancient India.

Ayurveda is the science of Pharmaceuticals-reminds the inherentknowledge of Asvin (Kumar)Twins, In Ramayana there is

several stories of such magical power of plants and stones.One is popular Visalyakarani. Salyakarani means surgery. TheCharak, Susruta, Bharadwaj, Dhanvantari. Ayush-vidya, theElixir of life, comprises knowledge on holy matters significantlymentioned in the sacred samhitas of Hindus, Buddhists andJains.There was intrinsic relation between Life and Matter.The compilation of Astango started from the period from

500BC to 500AD.These are Kayachikitsa (therapeutics),Salyachikitsa (major surgery) salakya tantra (minor surgery),Bhutavidya (demonology), kumarabhrtya tantra (pediatrics),Agada tantra (toxicology), Rasayana tantra (geriatrics),Vajikaran tantra (virilification).Charaka samhita diagnosed the diseases on the basis of tri-dhatu (physiological elements) Dosas (Humors) vayu(Gaseous elements) pitta (fiery elements) kapha ( liquidElement).These dosas are related to three gods respectively-Vayu,Sun ,Varun and are also subjective to Gunas(mentaltype)-Sattva(Saintly)Rajas(Regent) & Tamas (other dark).

Much of ancient and medieval chemistry has been generally called Alchemywhich was also closely associated with philosophical thought and alchemicalpractices in India were looked upon aids to divine union. In othercivilizations the twin objectives of alchemy were (i) discovery of Philosophers Stone (Parasmoni) and (ii) discovery of elixir of life.Prior to 1860. Chemistry used to be taught in Medical Colleges as a help tothe study of medicine.There are several more things to know to learn and to understand aboutMahabharata or the entirety of Indian subcontinent. In some other contextthat can be published.

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science started in india

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