science sping break packet

8/2/2019 Science Sping Break Packet

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Living Environment

Unit 1-7 Review

Name_____________________________ DUE: MONDAY, APRIL 16TH, 2012

Spring Break Packet: Regents ReviewDirections: In roughly two months all of us will be taking the Living Environment Regents Exam. We have alot of material to review before then if we want to meet our goal of scoring above an 85%! The followingpacket is designed to help us review; it resembles parts A, B-1, and D of a Regents exam.

Part AAnswer all questions in this part.

1. The diagram below represents a species of finch.

This bird may best be described as(1) a decomposer that most likely feeds on nectar(a sugary liquid) from flowers(2) a heterot roph that may eat insects and is moreclosely related to a robin than to an earthworm(3) a scavenger that feeds on animals andreproduces asexually(4) an autotroph that probes tree bark for insectsand is pathogenic

2. Which cell structure is correctly paired with i tsprimary function?(1) ribosomeprotein synthesis(2) mitochondrionmovement(3) vacuolecell division(4) nucleusstorage of nutrien ts

3. Which sta temen t best describes a humanchromosome?(1) It is made of amino acids that form genes.(2) It contains genes that may code for theproduction of enzymes.(3) It is normally passed to the next generation

through a placenta.(4) It varies in function from one generation to thenext.

4. A scientist wants to change the DNA of asexually reproducing organism and have the newDNA present in every cell of the organism. In orderto do this after fert ilization, she would change DNAin the(1) zygote (3) testes of the father(2) placenta (4) ovaries of the mother

5. The diagram below represents many species ofplants and animals and their surroundings.

The diagram best represents

(1) a population (3) an ecosystem(2) a community (4) the biosphere

6. If the same antibiotic is used too many times, itcan become less effective against a type ofbacteria. This observation is best explained by the(1) presence of pathogens in antibiotics(2) production of ant ibiotics by white blood cells(3) replication of viruses that a ttack bacteria(4) survival and reproduction of unaffected bacteria

7. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that

each contain(1) genetic information from one parent(2) genetic information from two parents(3) less genetic information than either parent(4) a unique combination of genetic information

8. In sexually reproducing organisms, mutations canbe inherited if they occur in(1) t he egg, only(2) the sperm, only(3) any body cell of either the mo ther or the father(4) either the egg or the sperm


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9. The diagram below represents part of a humanreproductive system.

One of the functions of this part of the system is to(1) supply essential nutrients to the offspring in theform of milk(2) provide nutritional support for the embryo(3) provide a structure that allows the mixing ofmaternal and fetal blood(4) produce specialized proteins used in the

production and release of sperm

13. Which substance is an inorganic molecule?(1) starch (3) water(2) DNA (4) fat

14. Which row in the chart below indicates thecorrect process for each event indicated?

15. An activity that occurs in the human body isshown below

10. The drinking of alcoholic beverages by apregnant woman is harmful to the development ofher fe tus. This is most damaging early in apregnancy because during this time(1) the lungs of the fetus become functional(2) alcohol can easily enter the mouth of the fetus(3) many of the essential organs of the fetus areforming(4) the fe tus cannot excrete wastes

11. The enzyme amylase will affect the breakdownof carbohydrates, but it will not affect thebreakdown of proteins. The ability of an enzymemolecule to in teract with specific molecules is mostdirectly determined by the(1) shapes of the molecules involved(2) number of molecules involved(3) sequence of bases present in ATP(4) amount of glucose present in the cell

12. The disease known as malaria may result in afever, a decrease in red blood cells, and an enlargedliver and spleen. These symptoms are evidence of(1) a disruption of homeostasis(2) a decrease in allergic reactions(3) an increased number of cell organelles(4) hormone destruction

This activity helps to(1) provide protect ion against pathogens(2) produce antibiotics to control disease(3) eliminate harmful gene alterations(4) regulate production of ATP by the cell

16. Sweating is a process tha t helps cool the bodyduring strenuous exercise. This is an example of(1) recycling of gases

(2) cellular respiration(3) gene malfunction(4) a feedback mechanism

17. Af ter a fire destroys a forest, the area will mostlikely(1) remain bare land indefinitely(2) develop into a desert area(3) develop into an en tirely different type of forestafter hundreds of years(4) recover through gradual changes back to a pointof long-term stability


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18. The greatest number of relationships betweenthe organisms in an ecosystem is best shown in(1) a food chain(2) an energy pyramid(3) a food web(4) an ecological succession diagram

19. Coded instructions that are passed from onegeneration to the next can be most directly changed

by the processes of(1) passive transport, natural selection, andsynthesis(2) selective breeding, replication, and absorption(3) recombination, mutation, and geneticengineering(4) evolution, reproduction, and digestion

20. The diagram below represents a cross section ofa leaf of a green plant, showing an opening(stomate) in the lower surface.

A stomate in the lower surface of the leaf has afunction most similar to the function of whichcell structure?(1) cell membrane (3) ribosome(2) vacuole (4) nucleus

21. When S. marcescens, a bacterium, is grown in arefrigerator, i t produces red-colored colonies.However, if the bacterium is grown at roomtemperature, the colonies are white. The best

explanation for this situation is that(1) refrigeration changes the structure of genes(2) room temperature stimulates the synthesisof a red pigment(3) temperature has an effect on t he expressionof genes(4) only temperature is responsible for theexpression of a trait

22. The diagram below represents a structure foundin most cells.

The section labeledA in the diagram is most likely a(1) protein composed of folded chains of basesubunits(2) biological catalyst(3) part of a gene for a particular trait

(4) chromosome undergoing a mutation

23. Which situation is leastlikely to result in newinherited characteristics?(1) altering genetic information(2) changes in the structure of genes(3) producing new individuals by means of cloning(4) changes in the structure of individualchromosomes

24. In most mammals, the placenta is essential tothe embryo for the processes of

(1) meiosis and excretion(2) nutrition and excretion(3) milk production and digestion(4) blood exchange and digestion

25. The diagram below represents the human malereproductive system.

Which activi ty would be prevented by blockagesat Xand Y?(1) transport of urine out of the body(2) passage of testosterone to the female tostimulate egg production(3) movement of sperm out of the body(4) movement of testosterone to the testes tostimulate sperm production


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26. The swordfish contains a heat generat ing organthat warms its brain and eyes up to 14C above thesurrounding ocean water temperature. Whichstructures are most likely to be found at relativelyhigh concentrations within the cells of this heatgenerating organ?(1) nuclei (3) chromosomes(2) chloroplasts (4) mitochondria

27. Two species of animals with a similarappearance live in the same habitat but do notcompete for food. This is because they most likely(1) reproduce at different times of the year(2) are the same size(3) occupy different ecological niches(4) are active at night

28. During its annual migration, the red knot, amedium-size shorebird, flies the entire length ofNorth and South America. During one critical stopto feed on the eggs of horseshoe crabs, the birds

nearly double their body mass. The rela tionshipbetween the red knot and the horseshoe crab is(1) parasitehost(2) consumerproducer(3) scavengerproducer(4) predatorprey

29. I t is recommended that people a t risk forserious flu complications be vaccinated so that theirbodies will produce(1) antigens to fight the flu virus(2) antibodies against the flu virus

(3) toxins to fight the infection from the flu virus(4) an tibiotics to reduce symptoms caused by the fluvirus

30. T hroughout the history of life on Earth, manyprocesses have resulted in new traits inorganisms.Which list shows some of these processes in orderfrom the oldest to the most recently used?(1) gene manipulation, natural selection, selectivebreeding(2) natural selection, selective breeding, genemanipulation

(3) natural selection, gene manipulation, selectivebreeding(4) selective breeding, gene manipulation, naturalselection

31. Abnormalities present in the cells that line theuterus may prevent the production of offspringby directly interfering with the(1) development of the embryo(2) differentiation of gametes into zygotes(3) secretion of estrogen by the ovary(4) production and release of egg cells

32. A laboratory technique is represented below.

Which knowledge was needed to develop thistechnique?(1) knowledge of sexual reproduction in plants(2) knowledge of the structure of starch molecules(3) knowledge of the development of embryos

(4) knowledge of the structure of a DNA molecule

33. DDT and other pesticides used over 50 yearsago are still affecting the environment today.Scientists have found these substances in recentglacier runoff. Glacier runoff occurs during thesummer, when precipitation that has fallen onglaciers during the winter is released. Ice layers fromexisting glaciers have been analyzed. The results ofthis analysis show that the concentrations of DDTand other pesticides were highest about 10 yearsafter the use of these substances was banned. This

information shows that(1) DD T and other pesticides cause glacier runoffduring the summer(2) it takes humans over 50 years to analyze aglacier(3) precipitation helps to break down pesticides(4) the decision of one human generation may havean impact on future generations

34 Reasons for conducting peer review include allof the following except(1) analyzing the experimental design

(2) poin ting out possible bias(3) identifying an illogical conclusion(4) changing data to support the hypothesis

35. The diagram below represents a plant cell.Solar energy is used toproduce energy-richcompounds in structure(1)A (3) C(2)B (4)D


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Part B

36. The number in each circle below represents the chromosome number of the cell. Which diagram representsthe production of of fspring by an asexually reproducing organism?

37. Some human structures and their functions are listed below.

In a single-celled organism such as an ameba, all these functions can be performed by the(1) nucleus (2) ribosomes (3) mitochondria (4) cell membrane

38. Which statement would most likely be used to describe the procedure represented in the diagram below?

(1) Enzymes are used to assemble an insulin gene, which is then attached to bacterial DNA.(2) Bacterial DNA is cut from a human DNA strand and inserted into a human cell to form an insulin gene.(3) The insulin gene is cut out of a human DNA strand using an enzyme and inserted into bacterial DNA,resulting in a combination of different DNA segments.(4) A gene is deleted from bacterial DNA to produce an insulin gene, which is then inserted into human DNA.

39. The diagram below represents a food chain made up of organisms found in a field.

Which row in the char t correctly identifies characteristics associated with the members of this food chain?


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40. In a particular ecosystem, squirrels make up a large portion of the diet of coyotes. A fatal disease in thesquirrel population begins to reduce their population over a period of months. Which graph best represents theexpected changes in population size of the coyotes and the squirrels?

Part D

Base your answers to questions 41 through 43 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

An experiment was designed to test whether students could squeeze a clothespin more times in one minute after

resting or after exercise.

41. The dependent variable for this experiment is the(1) time the student was squeezing the clothespin (3) strength of the student(2) number of times the student was able to squeeze (4) length of the clothespin

the clothespin

42. The experimental results could be made more valid by(1) increasing the number of students (3) using safety precautions(2) using a plastic clothespin (4) making a bar graph of the data

43. Muscle fatigue occurs during this activity when(1) carbon dioxide is used up in the muscle cells (3) simple sugar is turned to starch in muscle cells(2) certain waste products collect in the muscle cells (4) pro teins build up in mitochondria of muscle cells

44. Part of a laboratory procedure is shown in the diagram below.

This setup would most likely be involved in a procedure to(1) stain specimens while making a wet mount(2) test for the presence of glucose using an indicator(3) separate pigments in a mixture(4) determine the pH of solutions


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KIPP:PHYSiCSSpring Break PacketDUE : Monday, April 16th.

WORK HARD. BE NICE.

Contact me with questions: 603-731-8838

[email protected]

A lot of people give up just before

they're about to make it. You knowyou never know when that next

obstacle is going to be the last

one. Chuck Norris

Have a great break!

Ms. Paul


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Question #1:

A force of 6.0 x 10-15

newton due south and a force of 8.0 x 10-15

newton due east act

concurrently on an electron, e-.

In the space below, draw a force diagram to represent the two forces acting on the electron

(represent the electron with a dot). Begin each vector at the dot representing the electron and

label its magnitude in newtons.

Determine the resultant force on the electron graphically. Label the resultant vectorR.

Determine the magnitude of the resultant vectorR.

Determine the angle between the resultant and the 6.0 x 10-15

newton vector.


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Question #2

A hiker walks 5.00 kilometers due north and then 7.00 kilometers due east.

Draw a vector diagram showing her path.

What is the magnitude and direction of her resultant displacement?

What is the total distance she traveled?

Question #3

During a 5.0 second interval an objects velocity changes from 25 meters per second east to 15

meters per second east. Determine the magnitude and direction of the objects acceleration.

Question #4

A cart moving at 12 meters per second begins to coast up a hill with a uniform acceleration of -

1.6 meters per second2.

How far, and it what direction, does it travel in six seconds?

What is the magnitude of the carts velocity after it has traveled a total of 9

seconds?


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Question #5:

The graph below shows the velocity of a race car moving along a strong line as a function of

time.

What does the slope of this graph represent?_________________________

What does the area under the curve of this graph represent?______________________

On the axes shown below, sketch the displacement-time and acceleration-time graphs for this

race car. How do you know what they will look like from studying the velocity-time graph?

What is the speed of this car at t=2.5 seconds?

What is the magnitude of the displacement of the car from t=2.0 seconds to t=4.0 seconds?

What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the car?


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Question #6:

An expectant father paces back and forth producing the position versus time graph shown here.

Describe the fathers motion for each segment on the graph labeled A, B,C, and D.

A:

B:

C:

D:

Without performing a calculate indication whether the fathers velocity is positive,

negative, or zero on the segments of the graph labeled A, B, C, and D.

A:

B:

C:

D:

Calculate the average velocity for each segment and verify your answers the question

above.

A:

B:

C:

D:


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Question #7 (a compilation of questions)

A roller coaster, traveling with an initial speed of 15 meters per second, decelerates

uniformly at 7.0 meters per second2

to a full stop. Approximately how far does the roller

coaster travel during this deceleration?

Using dimensional analysis (rearranging your units), show that the expression v2/d has all

the same units as acceleration. Show all the steps used to arrive at your conclusion.

An astronaut standing on the a platform on the Moon drops a hammer. If the hammer falls6.0 meters vertically in 2.7 seconds, what it its acceleration?

A 1.0-kilogram ball is dropped from the roof of a building 40. meters tall. What is the

approximate time of fall? [Neglect air resistance.]

A 0.25-kilogram baseball is thrown upward with a speed of 30. meters per second.

Neglecting friction, what is the maximum height reached by the ball?


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Question #8

The diagram below shows a student throwing a baseball horizontally at 25 meters per second

from a cliff 45 meters above the level ground.

On the drawing, sketch the theoretical path of the projectile.

What is the balls initial vertical velocity?

What is the balls initial horizontal velocity?

What is the balls vertical velocity right before it hits the ground?

What is the balls horizontal velocity right before it hits the ground?

Approximately how far from the base of the cliff does the ball hit the ground?

How much time passes before the ball hits the ground?


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Question #9

A projectile is launched into the air with an intial speed ofvi, at a launch angle of 30 degrees

above the horizontal. The projectile lands on the ground 2.0 seconds later.

On the diagram, sketch the ideal path of the projectile.

How does the maximum altitude of the projectile change as the launch angle is

increased from 30 to 45 above the horizontal? How do you know?

How does the total horizontal distance traveled by the projectile change as the launch

angle is increased from 30 to 45 above the horizontal? How do you know?

Assume the initial velocity of the projectile was 15 meters per second.

What is the maximum height reached by the projectile?

What is the maximum horizontal displacement of the projectile?


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Question #10

In a three way tug-of-war, team A tugs with 20 N to the right, team B tugs with 10 N up, and

team C tugs with 14 N left.

Draw a Free-Body Diagram depicting the forces in this scenario.

What is the magnitude and direction of their resultant force, assuming all angles are equal?

Question #11

An 80-kilogram sled is pulled at a constant velocity across a horizontal snow surface. A force of

8.0 x 101Newtons is being applied to the sled rope at an angle of 53 degrees to the ground.

Draw a Free Body Diagram of this Scenario:

In your own words, describe the forces that are acting on this object and the motion that is

resulting from this:

Find the magnitude of the force of friction acting on the sled:

Find the coefficient of friction between the sled and the snow.


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Question #12

A horizontal force of 8.0 newtons is used to pull a 20.-newton wooden box moving toward the

right along a horizontal, wood surface, as shown.

Calculate the magnitude of the frictional force acting on the box. [Show all work, including

the equation and substitution with units.]

Determine the magnitude of the net force acting on the box.

Determine the mass of the box.

Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the box. [Show all work, including the

equation and substitution with units]


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Question #13

Basking in the sun, a 1.10 kilogram lizard lies on a flat rock tilted at an angle of 15.0 degrees

with respect to the horizontal.

Label the free body diagram of this scenario:

What is the magnitude of the normal force exerted by the rock on the lizard?

What is the magnitude of the frictional force between the rock and the lizard?


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Question #14 (a compilation of questions)

A 1500-kilogram car accelerates at 5.0 meters per second2

on a level, dry, asphalt road.

Determine the magnitude of the of net horizontal force acting on the car. [Show all work,

including the equation and substitution with units.]

A baby and stroller have a total mass of 20. kilograms. A force of 36 newtons keeps the stroller

moving in a circular path with a radius of 5.0 meters.

Label the velocity, acceleration, and net force at the instant shown below.

Calculate the speed at which the stroller moves around the curve. [Show all work,

including the equation and substitution with units.]

What is the magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction between the Sun and the Earth?

An 80-kilogram skier slides on waxed skis along a horizontal surface of snow at constant

velocity while pushing with his poles. What is the horizontal component of the force pushing

him forward?


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Question #15

Consult the diagram of a roller coaster of mass 1000 kilogram for the questions below. The

initial height is shown, where the coaster is not moving. As it starts to roll down the hill, some

of its potential energy turns to kinetic energy.

Fill in the amount of each type of energy at the points with blanks, showing your work below

the diagram.

At which point (1, 2, 3, or 4) does the roller coaster have the greatest speed? What is the speed

at this point?

If more people were riding, so the roller coaster had a higher mass, would the total energy of the

roller coaster be higher or lower? How do you know?

Would the speed at any point be higher? How do you know?


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Question #16 (really, three momentum questions)

What is the magnitude of the impulse the

first cart will impart on the second cart

upon collision?

Calculate the speed of the combined carts after the collision.


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Question #17

Compare the work done by the student to the

gravitational potential energy gained by the

crate. Show all work.

Show your work for the spring question below:


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Question 18:

Draw the electric field vectors between the point charge and the test charge below:

(point charge) (test charge)

What is the strength of an electric field at a point where a 0.90C charge experiences a force of

11N?

If one elementary charge is placed at that point, how strong a force will it experience?

If that charge is moved 2.0m from point A to point B against the electric field, how much

electrical potential energy does it have at point B?

What is the change in electrical potential energy from point A to point B?

+ -


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KIPP NYC College Prep: Ancora Imparo! NAME: __________________________

Health DATE: _______________ _________

Ms. Paul PERIOD: _______________ _________

SPRINGBREAK ASSIGNMENT!

First off, enjoy your holiday

and now the REALLY fun stuff.

INSTRUCTIONS:1. While you are home this week, interview someon e you know who has given birth.2. Take one pageofinterview notes during the interview (submitted with your paper).3. Write a two-page typed paperabout how your interview compares and contrasts with

how YOU felt about birth after watching Novas Lifes Greatest Miracle in class.4. HOW TO SUBMIT YOUR PAPER: On __________________________, submit the break packet

with this sheet as the cover page, then your paper, then your interview notes.

HELPFUL HINTS:

You can review the movie and the clip from class on the Nova website:http:/ / video.pbs.org/ video/ 1841157252/ (Or Google Lifes Greatest Miracle)

The interview:o Before you interview, think of a few respectful and thoughtful questions you

can ask.

o Ask ahead of time if discussing this topic is okay with the person you plan oninterviewing

o During the interview, take some notes so you can remember importantdetails from the conversation later

The paper:o Talk how you felt about the clip from Lifes Greatest Miracle.o Be honest and respectful.o Talk about the interview and what you learnedo

Talk about how the description of birth during the interview was differentand how it was the same as the clip from Lifes Greatest Miracle.

o Talk about how the clip or the interview changed your perspective onchildbirth.

RUBRIC:

This counts as a quiz (1/4 of a testgrade)0 1 2 3 4 5

Grammar (2) Many

grammatical

errors

Some

grammatical

errors

No grammatical

errors. Proper

sentence structure

used.

Relevance (3)

Are you on or off

topic?

Answer does

not apply to

question

Answer applies

but is

supported withirrelevant

details

Answer applies

and is supported

by relevant andirrelevant details

Answer

applies and is

supported byrelevant

details.

Content (5)

Is there enough

correct

information and

support?

Answer is

incorrect and

unsupported

Answer does

not fully

address

question and is

unsupported

Answer does not

fully address

question and has

little support

Answer fully

addresses

question but

has little

support

Answer fully

addresses

question with

some support

Answer fully

addresses

question, is fully

supported and

has examples


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Circle, Annotate, and Show work for question 17:

Skip to number 20

Circle, Annotate, and Show work for question 20 (above):

Circle, Annotate, and Show work for the question 16

(left):


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rcle, Annotate, and Show work for question 28 (above): Circle, Annotate, and Show work for question 30 (above):


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Circle, Annotate, and Show work for question 38 (above):

Circle, Annotate, and Show work for question 50 (above)

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