15 February 1957, Volume 125, Number 3242

AMERICAN ASSOCIATIONFOR THE

ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

Board of Directors To thLAURENCE H. SNYDER, PresidentWALLACE R. BRODE,. President ElectPAUL B. SEARs, Retiring President It isPAUL M. GROSS AAAS aGEORGE R. HARRISON on the .PAUL E. KLOPSTEG Jan. 19CHAUNCEY D. LEAKE and theMARGARET MEAD papers;THOMAS PARK comme.WILLIAM W. RUBEY HereALAN T. WATERMAN ePAUL A. SCHERER, Treasurer the repsDAEL WOLFLE, Executive Officer tebigg

_______ ~~~~~~sedate F

DAL WOL1LE, Executive Officer i .

GRAHAM DUSHANE, Editor scientistCHARLOTTE V. MEETING, Associate Editor of the i

JOSEPH TURNER, Assistant Editor abovest

Editorial Board FAS meWALLACE R. BRODE KARL LARK-HOROVITZ erationBENTLEY GLASS EDWIN M. LERNER doubly

WILLIAM L. STRAUS, JR. had a soEditorial Staff implem

PATRICIA L. CARSON, MARY L. CRABILL, SARAH ."The ADEES, NANCY S. HAMILTON, OLIVER W. HEATWOLE, of AmeYUKIE KOZAI, ELIZABETH MCGOVERN, ELLEN E. can be <MURPHY, ROBERT V. ORMES, BETHSABE PEDERSEN, assuringMADELINE SCHNEIDER, JACQUELYN VOLLMER scientififEARL J. SCHERAGO, Advertising Representatve tists as;

Othersaid: "i

SCIENCE, founded in 1880, is published each ing forFriday by the American Association for the Ad-vancement of Science at Business Press, Lancaster, to the stPa. Entered at the Lancaster, Pa., Post Office as tists consecond class matter under the Act of 3 March 1879.SCIENCE is indexed in the Reader's Guide to action,

Periodical Literature and in the Industrial Arts grantingIndex. problem

Editorial and personnel-placement correspond- in the eence should be addressed to SCIENCE, 1515 sional cMassachusetts Ave., NW, Washington 5, D.C.Manuscripts should be typed with double spacing The 1and submitted in duplicate. The AAAS assumes noresponsibility for the safety of manuscripts or for remarkthe opinions expressed by contributors. For detailed in the 1suggestions on the preparation of manuscripts, book clear careviews, and illustrations, see Science 125, 16 (4 And, inJan. 1957).

Display-advertising correspondence should be may beaddressed to SCIENCE, Room 604, 11 West 42 importaSt., New York 36, N.Y. to the F

Change of address: The notification should It isreach us 4 weeks in advance. If possible, pleasefurnish an address stencil label from a recent nor soissue. Be sure to give both old and new addresses, appointincluding zone numbers, if any.Annual subscriptions: $7.50; foreign postage, report t

$1; Canadian postage, 50¢. Single copies, 25¢. the imISpecial rates to members of the AAAS. Cable deliberXaddress: Advancesci, Washington. politicalThe AAAS also publishes THE SCIENTIFIC politica

MONTHLY.

SCIENCE

ie Barricades?

probable that none of the events at the New York meeting of the.ttracted as much attention as the report of the Interim CommitteeSocial Aspects of Science [Science 125, 141 (editorial), 143 (2557)]. The report was reprinted in full in the New York Times,main recommendations were widely publicized in other news-

and magazines. In addition, the report inspired much editorialLt.

are some of the more favorable attitudes that were expressed aboutort: The Nation said: "In historical perspective, it may be thatrest story of 1956 was revealed . in the course of the generallyproceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of

." and "What the report seems to be saying is that while theproposes, it is left to the politician to dispose." The NewsletterFederation of American Scientists said: "The general tenor of thetatement [an excerpt from the report] will raise few eyebrows amongembers; the crisis referred to has been at the cornerstone of Fed-policy for ten years. What gives it significance, and makes itwelcome, is its source. . . The scientific community has long;ocial conscience; what is new is that this conscience may now beented by the community as a whole." The New York Times said:Association apparently tends now to act as a public representativerican science and scientists. . . . If done properly, this new rolea helpful and constructive one.... All of us have a vital stake inthat our society adjusts properly to the revolutionary impact of

vc advance and to the enormously enhanced importance of scien-a group."rs took a more hostile view of the report. The Indianapolis StarAnother voice may soon be added to the hundreds already clamor-the exclusive franchise to solve America's problems." In referencetatement in the report that referred to "the pressing need that scien-ncern themselves with social action," the Star commented: "Socialwhen they put it that way, means political action," and, whileg that scientists have the duty to concern themselves with socialis, added, "but not as a pressure group.... Science will get farthernd if its practitioners refuse to allow one of their greatest profes-'rganizations to become a mere political action committee."Wall Street Journal, in an editorial entitled "Again the clear call,"ed: "It seems that we have heard all this before. Perhaps it was1930's, when college professors all over the land were hearing theall to duty 'to accept the place' demanded by their importance."reference to the committee statement that "scientific organizationsobliged to accept a social responsibility commensurate with the

ince of the social effect of science," the Journal said, "A clear callpolitical barricades if we ever heard one."well to remember that the Association has moved neither so farfast as most of the comments imply. The Council called for thetment of a larger committee which is to make a study and thento the Board of Directors. This action of the Council insures thatportant issues raised by the committee will receive careful andate consideration. There is no immediate call to man the barricades,1l or otherwise.-G. DuS.

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SCIENCE. VOL. 125

18-21. Institute of Radio Engineers,natl. convention, New York, N.Y. (B.Warriner, IRE, 1 E. 79 St., New York21.)

19-21. American Meteorological Soc.,151st national, Chicago, Ill. (K. C.Spengler, AMS, 3 Joy St., Boston 8,Mass.)

20-22. National Health Forum, Cin-cinnati, Ohio. (National Health Council,1790 Broadway, New York 19.)20-23. National Science Teachers As-

soc., annual, Cleveland, Ohio. (R. H.Carleton, NSTA, 1201 16 St., NW, Wash-ington 6.)

21-23. American Physical Soc., Phila-delphia, Pa. (K. K. Darrow, APS, Co-lumbia Univ., New York 27, N.Y.)

21-23. International Assoc. for DentalResearch, annual, Atlantic City, N.J. (D.Y. Burrill, 129 E. Broadway, Louisville 2,Ky.)

21-23. Michigan Acad. of Science, Artsand Letters, annual, Detroit, Mich. (R.F. Haugh, Dept. of English, Univ. ofMichigan, Ann Arbor.)

22-23. Heart: Law-Medicine Problem,Cleveland, Ohio. (0. Schroeder, Jr., Law-Medicine Center, Western Reserve Univ.,Cleveland 6.)

23-28. American Soc. of Tool Engi-neers, 25th annual, Houston, Tex. (R.Gebers, 10700 Puritan, Detroit 38, Michi-gan.)

24-27. American Assoc. of DentalSchools, annual, Atlantic City, N.J. (M.

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W. McCrea, 42 S. Greene St., Baltimore1, Md.)25-28. American Acad. of General

Practice, 9th annual scientific assembly,St. Louis, Mo. (M. F. Cahal, AAGP, Vol-ker Blvd. at Brookside, Kansas City 12,Mo.)

25-29. International College of Allergy,3rd symposium, London, England. (W.Kaufman, 540 Brooklawn Ave., Bridge-port 4, Conn.)

25-29. Western Metal Exposition andCongress, 10th, Los Angeles, Calif. (W.H. Eisenman, 7301 Euclid Ave., Cleve-land 3, Ohio.)

26-28. Mechanisms for the Develop-ment of Drug Resistance in Microorgan-isms, Ciba Foundation Symp. (by invita-tion), 'London, England. (G. E. W.Wolstenholme, 41 Portland P1., London,W.1.)

26-28. Weather Radar Conf., 6th,sponsored by American MeteorologicalSoc., Cambridge, Mass. (K. C. Spengler,3 Joy St., Boston 8, Mass.)

27-29. American Power Conf., 19thannual, Chicago, Ill. (R. A. Budenhoizer,Illinois Inst. of Technology, 35 W. 33 St.,Chicago 16.)-

27-29. Effects of Radiation on Ma-terials, colloquium, Baltimore, Md. (Of-fice of Naval Research, Glenn L. MartinCo., Baltimore 3.)

27-29. National Committee on Alcohol-ism, annual, Chicago, Ill. (Miss E. Jensen,NCA, 2 E. 103 St., New York 29.)

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1-2. Industrial Engineering Conf., WestLafayette, Ind. (K. E. Glancy, Div. ofAdult Education, Purdue Univ., WestLafayette.)

1-4. American Assoc. of PetroleumGeologists, 42nd annual, St. Louis, Mo.(R. H. Dott, AAPG, Box 979, Tulsa,Okla..)

1-4. International Anesthesia ResearchSoc., cong., Phoenix, Ariz. (A. W. Friend,Wade Park Manor, Cleveland 6, Ohio.)

1-4. Society of Economic Paleontolo-gists and Mineralogists, annual, St. Louis,Mo. (C. P. Ellison, Jr., Dept. of Geology,Univ. of Texas, Austin.)

1-5. Assoc. of American Geographers,annual, Cincinnati, Ohio. (B. W. Adkin-son, Reference Dept., Library of Congress,Washington 25.)

2-3. Future Developments in FoodPreservation, symp., Kansas City, Mo.(Food Symposium, Midwest ResearchInst., 425 Volker Blvd., Kansas City 10.)

4-5. Dietary Fats-Helpful or Harmful,3rd annual nutrition conf., Detroit, Mich.(A. H. Smith, Wayne State Univ. Collegeof Medicine, Detroit 7.)

4-6. American Rocket Soc., spring,Washington, D.C. (A. G. Haley, 1735 DeSales St., NW, Washington (.)

5-6. American Mathematical Soc., NewYork, N.Y. (J. H. Curtiss, AMS, 190 HopeSt., Providence 6, R.I.)

7-10. Pan American Assoc. of Ophthal-mology, 4th interim cong., New York,N.Y. (B. F. Payne, 17 E. 72 St., NewYork 21.)

7-12. American Chemical Soc., Miami,Fla. (A. H. Emery, ACS, 1155 16 St.,NW, Washington 6.)

8. Phi Lambda Upsilon, Miami, Fla.(T. B. Cameron, Dept. of Chemistry,Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati 21, Ohio.)

8-10. American Soc. of MechanicalEngineers, spring, Birmingham, Ala. (C.E. Davies, ASME, 29 W. 39 St., NewYork 18.)

8-12. Food Bacteriology, internatl.symp., Cambridge, England. (Dr. Mossel,Central Inst. for Nutrition ResearchT.N.O., Catharijnesingel 61, Utrecht,Netherlands.)

8-12. Surface Activity, 2nd world cong.,London, England. (Congress Secy., 14Belgrave Sq., London, S.W. 1.)

9-10. Industrial Electronies EducationConf., annual, Chicago, Ill. (E. A. Rob-erts, Armour Research Foundation, Illi-nois Inst. of Technology, Chicago 16.)

10-12. Nuclear Instrumentation Conf.,natl., Atlanta, Ga. (H. Kindler, Instru-ment Soc. of America, 313 Sixth Ave.,Pittsburgh, Pa.)

10-13. Conference on Embryology andExperimental Morphology, Cambridge,England. (D. R. Newth, Dept. of Zoology,University College London, Gower St.,London W.C. 1.)

11-13. American Assoc. of Pathologistsand Bacteriologists, annual, WashingtonD.C. (E. A. Gall, Cincinnati GeneralHospital, Cincinnati 29, Ohio.)

11-13. Southwestern Inst. of Radio En-gineers-Conf. and Electronics Show, 9thannual, with 2nd National SimulationConf., Houston, Tex. (F. C. Smith, Jr.,Box 13058, Houston 19.)

SCIENCE, VOL. 125

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12-13. Colorado-Wyoming Acad. ofScience, annual, Fort Collins, Colo. (0.W. Olsen, Colorado A.&M. College, FortCollins.)

12-13. Eastern Psychological Assoc.,annual, New York, N.Y. (G. G. Lane,Dept. of Psychology, Univ. of Delaware,Newark.)

12-13. New Orleans Acad. of Sciences,New Orleans, La. (A. Welden, Dept. ofBiology, Newcomb College, New Orleans.)

12-14. American Assoc. for Cancer Re-search, Chicago, Ill. (H. J. Creech, Inst.for Cancer Research, Fox Chase, Phila-delpbia 1 1, Pa.)

12-14. American Assoc. of PhysicalAnthropologists, annual, Ann Arbor,Mich. (J. H. Spuhler, Dept. of Human

Genetics, Univ. of Michigan MedicalSchool, Ann Arbor.)

12-14. American Soc. of Human Ge-netics, annual, Ann Arbor, Mich. (E. J.Gardner, Dept. of Zoology, Utah StateCollege, Logan.)

12-14. National Speleological Soc.,Natural Bridge, Va. (Mrs. M. McKenzie,1407 Hickory Ct., Broyhill Park, FallsChurch, Va.)

13. Society for the Scientific Study ofReligion, spring, New York, N.Y. (W. C.Clark, Hartford School of Religious Edu-cation, Hartford 5, Conn.)

13. South Carolina Academy of Science,annual, Columbia (Miss M. Hess, Box 114,Winthrop College, Rock Hill, S.C.)

14-16. Telemetering Symposium, natl.,

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Philadelphia, Pa. (A. S. Westneat, Jr.,Applied Science Corp., Box 44, Prince-ton, N.J.)

14-20. American Physiological Soc.,Chicago, Ill. (M. 0. Lee, APS, 9650 Wis-consin Ave., NW, Washington 14.)

15-17. American Soc. of LubricationEngineers, annual, Detroit, Mich. (W. P.Youngclaus, Jr., ASLE, 84 E. RandolphSt., Chicago 1, Ill.)

15-17. Molecular Mechanism of RateProcesses in Solids, Faraday Soc. discus-sion, Amsterdam, Netherlands. (FaradaySoc., 6 Gray's Inn Sq., London, W.C.1.)

15-17. Systems for Information Re-trieval, symp., Cleveland, Ohio. (J. H.Shera, School of Library Science, WesternReserve Univ., Cleveland 6.)

15-18. American Personnel and Guid-ance Assoc. and constituent divisions:American College Personnel Assoc., Amer-ican School Counselor Assoc., NationalAssoc. of Guidance Supervisors and Coun-selor Trainers, National Vocational Guid-ance Assoc., Student Personnel Assoc.for Teacher Education; Detroit, Mich.(A. A. Hitchcock, APGA, 1534 0 St.,NW, Washington 5.)

15-18. Host-Specificity and ParallelEvolution among Parasitic Insects andWorms, symp., Neuchatel, Switzerland.(J. G. Baer, C.P. 2, Neuchatel 7.)

15-18. International Inst. of DifferingCivilizations, 30th session, Lisbon, Portu-gal. (11, Blvd. de Waterloo, Brussels,Belgium.)

15-19. American Assoc. of Immunolo-gists, annual, Chicago, Ill. (F. S. Cheever,Graduate School of Public Health, Univ.of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 13, Pa.)

15-19. American Soc. for ExperimentalPathology, annual, Chicago, Ill. (C. C.Erickson, Inst. of Pathology, Univ. ofTennessee, 858 Madison Ave., Memphis.)

15-19. American Soc. for Pharmacologyand Experimental Therapeutics, Chicago,Ill. (H. Hodge, Dept. of Pharmacology,Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y.)

15-19. Federation of American Socie-ties for Experimental Biology, annual,Chicago, Ill. (M. 0. Lee, FASEB, 9650Wisconsin Ave., Washington 14.)

15-19. High Energy Nuclear PhysicsConf., 7th annual, Rochester, N.Y. (R.,Marshak, Univ. of Rochester, Rochester.)

15-20. American Inst. of Nutrition, an-nual, Chicago, Ill. (R. W. Engel, Dept.of Biochemistry and Nutrition, VirginiaPolytechnic Inst., Blacksburg 13, Va.)

16-18. Nuclear Tests for Nondestruc-tive Testing Applications, symp., Chicago,Ill. (American Soc. for Testing Materials,1916 Race St., Philadelphia 3, Pa.)

17-19. American Assoc. of Anatomists,annual, Baltimore, Md. (L. B. Flexner,School of Medicine, Univ. of Pennsyl-vania, Philadelphia 4.)

18-20. Assoc. of Southeastern Biologists,annual, Athens, Ga. (J. C. Dickinson, Jr.,Univ. of Florida, Gainesville.)

18-20. Ohio Acad. of Science, annual,Bowling Green. (R. W. Dexter, Dept. ofBiology, Kent State Univ., Kent, Ohio.)

18-20. Southern Soc. for Philosophyand Psychology, annual, Gatlinburg,Tenn. (W. B. Webb, U.S. Navy School ofAviation Medicine, Pensacola, Fla.)

18-20. Venereal Disease Postgrad.Conf., 26th, Memphis, Tenn. (H. Packer,

SCIENCE, VOL. 125

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19-20. Arkansas Acad. of Science, an-

nual, Fayetteville. (L. F. Bailey, Univer-sity of Arkansas, Fayetteville.)

19-20. Seismological Soc. of America,annual, Los Angeles, Calif. (P. Byerly,Bacon Hall, Univ. of California, Berke-ley 4.)

22-24. National Acad. of Sciences, an-

nual. Washington, D.C. (H. L. Dryden,NAS, 2 101 Constitution Ave.. NW, Wash-ington 25.)

23-25. Chemistry and Biology of Muco-polysaccharides, Ciba Foundation Symp.(by invitation only), London, England.(G. E. W. Wolstenholine, 41 Portland P1.,London, W. l.)

23-25. Solid State Devices in ElectricCircuits, symp., New York, N.Y. (J. Gries-mann, Microwave Research Inst., 55Johnson St., Brooklyn 1, N.Y.)

23-26. American Industrial HygieneAssoc., annual, St. Louis, Mo. (G. D.Clayton, AIHA, 14125 Prevost, Detroit27, Mich.)

23-27. Separation of Isotopes, collo-quium of IUPAP, Amsterdam, Nether-lands. (J. Kistemaker, Laboratoriumi voor

Massaspectrografie, Hoogfe Kadijk 202,Amsterdam C.)

24-25. Industrial Research Conf., Chi-cago, Ill. (C. E. Barthel. Armour ResearchFoundation, Illinois Inst. of Technology,10 W. 35 St., Chicago 16.)24-25. Recent Advances in the Study

of \enereal Disease, 8th annual symp.,

Washington, D.C. (W. J. Brown, Pro-gram Committee Chairman, Communi-cable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.)

24-26. Purity Control by ThermalAnalysis, IUPAC, Amsterdam, Nether-lands. (W. M. Smit, Central Inst. forPhysico-Chemical Constants, Biltstraat1 72, Utrecht, Netherlands.)24-26. Sanitary Engineering Conf. on

Solids Handling and Anaerobic Digestion,New York, N.Y. (W. W. Eckenfelder, Jr.,Civil Engineering Dept., Manhattan Col-lege, New York 71.)

24-27. Plant Quality, 2nd internatl.colloquium, Paris, France. (L. Genevois,Faculte des Sciences, Universite de Bor-deaux, 20, Cours Pasteur, Bordeaux,France.)

25-26. Midwest Benthological Soc., an-

nual, Urbana, Ill. (A. Lopinot, 205 W.Osie, Gillespie, Ill.)

25-27. American Physical Soc., Wash-ington, D.C. (K. K. Darrow, APS, Co-lumbia Univ., New York 27.)

25-29. Pan American Cancer CytologyCong., Miami, Fla. (J. E. Ayre, New YorkUniv., New York, N.Y.)

26-27. Alabama Acad. of Science, an-

nual, Jacksonville. (H. A. McCullough,Dept. of Biology, Howard College, Bir-mingham, Ala.)

26-27. American Assoc. of UniversityProfessors, annual, New York, N.Y. (R.F. Fuchs, AAUP, 1785 MassachusettsAve., NW, Washington 6.)

26-27. Iowa Acad. of Science, annual,

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Cedar Falls. (J. L. Laffoon, Dept. of Zool-ogy and Entomology, Iowa State College,Ames.)

26-27. Kentucky Acad. of Science,Mammoth Cave. (G. Levey, Berea Col-lege. Berea, Ky.)

26 27. Mississippi Acad. of Sciences,annual, Columbus. (C. Q. Sheely, StateCollege, Miss.)

26-27. Montana Academy of Sciences,17th annual, Billings. (L. H. Harvey,Montana State Univ., Missoula.)

26-27. West Virginia Acad. of Science,annual, Keyser. (M. Ward, GlenvilleState College, Glenville, W. Va.)

28. American Soc. of Hospital Pharma-cists, New York, N.Y. (Mrs. G. N.Francke, 1812 Norway Rd., Ann Arbor,Mich.)

28-30. American Assoc. of Colleges ofPharmacy, annual, New York, N.Y. (G.L. Webster, Univ. of Illinois College ofPharmacy, 808 S. Wood St., Chicago 12.)

28-2. Southwestern and Rocky Moun-tain Division-AAAS, annual, Tucson,Ariz. (F. E. E. Germann, 1800 SunsetBlvd., Boulder, Colo.)

28-3. American Pharmaceutical Assoc.,annual, New York, N.Y. (R. P. Fischelis,APA, 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Wash-ington 7.)

28-3. Soc. of American Bacteriologists,annual, Detroit, Mich. (J. H. Bailey,Sterling-Winthrop Research Inst., Rens-selaer, N.Y.)

29-30. National Assoc. of Boards ofPharmacy, annual, New York, N.Y. (P.H. Costello, NABP, 77 W. WashingtonSt., Chicago 2, Ill.)

29-1. American Assoc. of Spectrogra-phers, 8th annual, Chicago, Ill. (T. H.Zink, H. Cohn & Sons, 4528 W. DivisionSt., Chicago 51.)

29-1. American Geophysical Union,38th annual, Washington, D.C. (W. E.Smith, AGU, 1515 Massachusetts Ave.,NW, Washington 5.)

29-1. American Oil Chemists' Soc.,48th annual, New Orleans, La. (R. T.O'Connor, Southern Regional ResearchLaboratory, New Orleans.)

29-2. International Acad. of Proctology,9th annual, New York, N.Y. (A. J. Can-tor, 1AP, 147-41 Sanford Ave., Flushing55, LI-)

29-4. Irrigation and Drainage, 3rd in-ternatl. cong., San Francisco, Calif. (WY.E. Blomgren, 260 Leetsdale Dr., Denver22, Colo.)

30-1. Metal Powder Assoc., 13th an-nual, Chicago, Ill. (MPA, 130 W. 42 St.,New York 36. )

May

1-3. Electronic Components Conf., Chi-cago, Ill. (R. M. Soria, 1830 S. 54 Ave.,Chicago 50.)

1-3. Society for Experimental StressAnalysis, spring, Boston, Mass. (W. M.Murray, SESA, P.O. Box 168, Cambridge39, Mass.)

2-4. American Philosophical Assoc., an-nual, Chicago, Ill. (W. H. Hay, BascomHall, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison 6.)

2-4. Illinois State Acad. of Science, an-

nual, Normal. (R. A. Evers, Illinois Nat-ural History Survey, Urbana.)

SCIENCE', VOL.. 12,5

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312

LETTERSThe editors take no responsibility for

the content of the letters published in thissection. Anonymous letters will not be con-

sidered. Letters intended for publicationshould be typewritten double-spaced andsubmitted in duplicate. A letter writershould indicate clearly whether or not hisletter is submitted for publication. For ad-ditional information, see Science 124, 249(10 Aug. 1956).

Deep-Sea Diving RecordI read with interest the item entitled

"Deep-sea diving record" [Science 124,1141 (7 Dec. 1956)]. The dive to 600feet is a notable achievement. May I,however, correct the statement that "Theuse of this mixture [oxygen and helium]is new"? The early history of the use ofthis mixture has been given in a U.S.Bureau of Mines Circular [No. 2670(Feb. 1925)]; in Nature [121, 577(1928)] by Hildebrand, Sayers, andYant; and in Science [65, 324 (1927)] byHildebrand.The submarine Squalus was salvaged

by aid of this mixture in 1939 [Behnkeand Williman, U.S. Naval Med. Bull. 37,No. 4 (1939) ]. Max E. Nohl dived to420 feet in Lake Michigan on 1 Dec.1937. The preliminary work was de-scribed by Edgar M. End and M. E.Nohl [Marquette Med. Rev. No. 2, 53,(1938)]. There is enough credit to dis-tribute among all who have contributedto the present status of deep diving withhelium and oxygen.

JOEL H. HILDEBRANDDepartment of Chemistryand Chemical Engineering,University of California, Berkeley,

Gross National ProductI wish to call attention to what ap-

pear to be seriously misleading figures inGlenn T. Seaborg's article, "The futurethrough science" [Science 124, 1275 (28Dec. 1956) ].

At the end of the second paragraph,hich is concerned with the physical

well-being and growth of the UnitedStates, figures are given which purportto represent the growth of our "grossnational product of goods and services"and show a more than sixfold increasefrom 1933 to 1955 and a more than four-fold increase from 1939 to 1955. Theofficial Government figures show only a

threefold increase in the "gross nationalproduct of goods and services" between1933 and 1955 and only a doubling from1939 to 1955. The actual figures forGross National Product in constant 1947dollars are as follows: 1933, $103.7 bil-lion; 1939, $157.5 billion; 1955, $318.8billion [National Income-1954 Edition(U.S. Dept. of Commerce), p. 216; andSurvey of Current Business (U.S. Dept.of Commerce, Feb. 1956), p. 7].l< FEBRUARY 1957

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I presume that Seaborg used the rawfigures for gross national product with-out any adjustment for the big rise inprices which has taken place, particu-larly since 1939. Because of the pricedifference, the rise in the money valueof gross national product bears little re-lationship to increases in the actual pro-duction of goods and services. Even ifSeaborg had made it clear that the fig-ures he was giving were money figures,they would have been misleading in thecontext of his discussion of physical well-being.

There is also a question of the pro-priety of using 1933, the bottom of thedepression, as a base for measuring whatpurports to be a pattern of growth.

GARDINER C. MEANSWashington, D.C.

Gardiner C. Means is quite right inpointing out that figures for the gross na-tional product must be used with cau-tion, but his corrected figures lend im-pressive support to the only point I wastrying to make in my introductory para-graphs-namely, that we are a very

wealthy and fortunate group of people.I was making no attempt to discuss or tominimize the ups and downs of past eco-nomic developments.The main thesis of my address, taken

as a whole, was to show that very seriouseconomic and political reversals mayaffect us in the future unless we encour-age the development of trained brain-power in all fields, including economicanalysis.

GLENN T. SEABORGUniversity of California, Berkeley

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About Meriones

Some recent articles [Science 123, 790(1956); 124, 323 (1956)] dealt with theuse of Meriones as laboratory animals.May I add some more information onthis subject?Meriones shawi is a common field ro-

dent in Tunisia, largely used as a routinesmall laboratory animal. It has been bredin our institute at least since 1932 [A.Wassilieff, Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis 21,298 (1932)]. When laboratory-bred, it isvery easy to handle and never bites. Animportant feature is its great natural re-sistance to spontaneous bacterial or viraldiseases. This rodent does not need anyspecial care other than a room tempera-ture 180C or above and some cod liveroil weekly in the food.Meriones shawi is strictly a monoga-

mous animal, and it is a rule that thesame male must always be put togetherwith the same female. When a female issurely pregnant, she must be kept aloneuntil the young are about 1 month old.Females are mated for the first timewhen they are about 10 months old. Theygive birth to two to three litters a year,each of two to six young. They are usedfor reproduction till they are about 2years old.One may find articles describing work

in which meriones have been used forviral, rickettsial, leptospiral, and otherstudies in Annales de l'Institut Pasteur deParis, in Archives de l'Institut Pasteur deTunis, and in other French reviews.Without any great risk of error, I canassume that probably all the merionesactually found in European instituteshave come from our own breed.

Regarding gerbils, many attempts tobreed Dipodillus campestris were unsuc-cessful. But Vermeil [Ann. Inst. PasteurParis 88, 137 (1955)] has been able to es-tablish in our institute a colony of Ger-billus hirtipes since 1951. This rodent hasproved to be invaluable for studies onviruses, leptospira, leishmania, patho-genic molds, and on some human andanimal endoparasites.

GERARD RENOUXInstitut Pasteur de Tunis,Tunis, Tunisia

SCIENCE, VOL. 125