SCIENCENEW SERIES SUBSCRIPTION, $6.00VOL. 99, No. 2572 FRIDAY, APRIL 14, 1944 SINGLE COPIES, .15

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SCIENCEVOL. 99 FRIDAY, APRIL 14, 1944 No. 2572

New Volcanoes and a New Mountain Range: PRO-FESSOR EMERITUS WILLIAM H. HOBBS ..... 287

Obituary:William George MacCallum: DR. SIMON FLEXNER.RecentDeaths ............................................ 290

Scientific Events:The Leningrad Center for Scientific Workers; TheNational Foundation for Infantile Paralysis; TheProposed Training of Foreign Engineers in theUnited States; The Nutrition Foundation; New

Fellows oftheRoyal Society ............................................ 292

Scientific Notes and News ...................... ...................... 294Discussion:The Use of an Internationally UnderstandableLanguage in Scientific Publications and in Con-gresses: PROFESSOR RICHARD WASICKY. The Nat-ural Science Society of China: CHANG-WANG Tu.Soviet Biology: PRoFESSoR KARL SAX. Newton onHeat as a Mode of Motion: PROFESSOR FRANK

ALLEN .29..................... 297

Scientific Books:The Plasmodiophorales: PROFESSOR ERNST A. BES-SEY. Inorganic Chemistry: PROFESSOR HUGH S.TAYLOR ... ........ 299

Reports:The Award of Guggenheim Fellowships for 1944 301

Special Articles:The Effect of Adrenal Cortical and Pituitary Ad-renotropic Hormones on Transplanted Leukemia inRats: DR. JAMES B. MURPHY and DR. ERNESTSTURM. Adequacy of the Essential Amino Acidsfor Growth of the Rat: DR. V. EVERETT KINSEYand DR. W. MORTON GRANT. Metabolic Effects ofThiouracil in Graves' Disease: MARGARET H. SLOAN

and DR. EPHRAIM SHORR ............................................. 303Scientific Apparatus and Laboratory Methods:A Differential Triple Stain for Demonstrating andStudying Non-Acid-Fast Forms of the TubercleBacillus in Sputum, Tissue and Body Fluids: DR.ELEANOR ALEXANDER-JACKSON ... 307

Science News ......... 10

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NEW VOLCANOES AND A NEW MOUNTAIN RANGEBy Professor Emeritus WILLIAM H. HOBBS

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

IN Michoacan province, some two hundred Inilesdue west of the city of Mexico, a volcano was bornabove a cornfield on February 20, 1943, is alreadymore than 1,500 feet in altitude and is still in a lustygrowth. It has been christened El Paricutin. Theevent has figured in world news, and the volcano hasbeen visited by throngs of tourists from the city ofMexico. Already an account of this unusual eventhas been printed in SCIENCE (December 10, 1943)and the occurrence has been pronounced unique inhistory.What is so unusual is the birth and growth of a

volcanic mountain away from other volcanoes, forscores of such mountains have been observed as theyhave been born upon the flanks of giant volcanoes,such as Etna, and phenomena in all respects compar-able to those observed at Paricutin are thereforefamiliar to volcanologists.As I shall show, the birth of a volcano like Pari-

cutin, which is some tens of miles distant from othervolcanoes, is not unique. Below are listed seven such

births recorded in literature, all from the Christianera,1 and there must have been others which are notof record:

NEW VOLCANOES (IN ORDER OF THEIR BIRTHDAYS)Monte Nuovo (New Mountain), September 29, 1538. Bay

of Naples. 440 feet high. Description by Lyell in."Principles of Geology," Vol. 1, pp. 607-619, on thebasis of accounts by contemporary observers. Impor-tant gun position in the shelling of Naples, 1943.

Jorullo. . September 28, 1759. Province of Michoacan,Mexico. 1,600 feet high. Rose above the plain ofMalpais. Described by v. Humboldt in Cosmos. Fumer-ole action as late as 1906.

Izalco. February 23, 1769. San Salvador. 1,900 feet1 Strabo in his "Geography" has reported two earlier

births, that of Madane during the third century B.C. anda submarine eruption in 196 B.c., both in the Aegean.Many submarine eruptions in new localities are of record,the best known that of Nwbe Island (New Island), thirtymiles off Cape Reykianes, Iceland, in May, 1783; andGraham Island between Sicily and Tunisia, July, 1831.Unless eruption is long continued such islands are cutaway by the waves and are subsequently marked only byshoals.