Science Revision

Living ThingsAnimalsPlants

HabitatsFood Chains

InterdependenceMicro organisms

MaterialsProperties of materialsChanging materials

Separatingmaterials

Physical Processes

SoundLight

ElectricityMagnetism

Forces

Earth and Space

365 ¼

days is the time

taken for the

Earth to orbit

the sun.

There are 28 days

from one full moon to the next.

(A lunar month)

It takes 24 hours

for the Earth to

spin once on it’s axis.

Night and day is caused by the Earth spinning

on it’s own axisThere are 9 planets in our solar system.

The Sun is our closest star.

MercuryVenusEarthMars

JupiterSaturnUranus

NeptunePluto

The moon affectsThe Earth’s tides.

The Earth spins in A clockwise direction.

Materials and their PropertiesTRANSPARENT

TRANSLUCENT

OPAQUE

Any material that lets a lot of light through.

Any material that lets a little bit of light through.

Any material that lets no light through.

glass

Tracing paper

Brick wall

Clear plastic

Frosted glass Bubble wrap

Wood CardboardOther

propertiesPERMEABLE materials allow water to soak through.

IMPERMEABLE materials do not allow any water to soak through.

BRITTLE materials break easily.

INSULATING materials keep things warm or cold.

MALLEABLE materials can be shaped.

Separating

Materials

To separate liquid

out of a solution

EVAPORATE

it.

The hotter the liquidThe faster it will evaporate

heat

Evaporation

To separate dry solids

with different

sized particles

use a filter or sieve

Clouds are made from water vapour. When they condense we get rain.Water vapour is a gas.Rain is a liquid.Ice is a solid

Evaporate =liquid to water vapour

Condense=water vapour to liquid

Changing Materials

If 2 materials are

mixed together

and a chemical reaction

takes place the change

is IRREVERSIBLE

If no reaction occurs between the

materials then itis REVERSIBLE.

SolidParticles are

closely packed

together. No spaces

between.

LiquidParticles are

spaced out more but still

touching.

GasParticles are widely spaces

and not touching.

Burning isirreversible

Melting issometimes reversible

(chocolate)(ice)but

sometimes irreversible

(plastic)

Cooking isirreversible

Forces

There are 2 types of forces

Pushes Pullsand

Gravity

Air/Water Resistance

Friction

is a pullingforce which

pulls allobjectstowards

thecentreof theEarth.

is a pulling force which has theeffect of slowing things down.

is a pushing

forcewhich

pushes objectsin the

opposite direction.

Upthrust

is a pushing

forcewhich

pushes objects

away fromthe centre

of the Earth.

Magnetism

will pull

magnetic objects

Forces are measured in NEWTONS.

Light

Light travels

in straight

lines.

LIGHT CAN BE SPLIT INTO SEVEN COLOURS

Light can REFLECT off

shiny surfaces.

A shadow is formed when an object or person

BLOCKS the light from a source.

The CLOSER the object is to the light source

the LARGER the shadow.

LIGHTSOURCES ?

Sound

Sound is

caused by

VIBRATIONS

Sound travels in all directions.

Sound travels in WAVES.

Reflected sound is called an ECHO.

Sound travels to our outer ear,

along the ear canalto the ear drum,

then to the cochlea.Finally it travels

along the aural nerveto the brain.

Sound is a type of ENERGY.

NOISE is disorganised sound that we find annoying.

MUSIC is organised sound that we find pleasant.

ElectricityElectricity is

a type of ENERGY

It can be used to power many

appliances in ourhomes, schools and work places.

Or taken from the mains.

Electricity can bestored in batteries

MAINS ELECTRICITY IS EXTREMELY DANGEROUS!

Electricity will only flow in a complete circuit

An electrical CONDUCTORis a material that allows

electricity to pass through it.

METALS are the best conductors.

An electrical INSULATORis a material that does not allow

electricity to pass through it.

switch bulb

Magnetism

Magnets have 2

ends called POLES

(north and south)

Iron

Opposite

poles

attract

N S N S

Likepoles repel

NNS S

Thesemetals aremagnetic

SteelNickel

Cobalt

They are surroundedby a MAGNETIC FIELD

Animal World

Animals can be divided into 2

different groups

VERTEBRATES animals

with backbones

INVERTEBRATES animals

without backbones

The vertebrates

can be dividedinto 5main

groups.

MAMMALS FISH REPTILES AMPHIBIANS BIRDS

egINSECTSSPIDERSWORMS

Coldblooded

GillsScales

Layeggs

Warmblooded

FurLive

young

ColdbloodedMostly

layeggs

Coldblooded

Layeggs

WarmbloodedFeathers

Layeggs

Habitats and Adaptation

Habitat is the place

where a plantor animal lives.

Animals and plants are ADAPTED to their environment in many different ways

If a living thing is not adapted to it’senvironment, it will not SURVIVE.

A fish lives in water so has gills for breathing, scales for waterproofing,

fins for swimming

A cactus has spikes instead of leaves to reduce water loss.

It can store water in it’s stem.

Birds can fly to the tops of trees

to escape predators

Camels can store fat in their hump.

they have special shaped feetand fur lined ears and nostrils.

Polar bears have a thicklayer of fat and fur to

insulate them against thesevere cold.

A stick insect isperfectly camouflaged

in it’s environment.

Micro organism

means

VERY SMALL

LIVING THING

Micro organisms

amoeba

virusbacteriafungi

plankton

Micro organisms can be harmful

They can cause diseases like flu or coughs and more serious ones as well

Micro organisms can be helpful

They decompose wasteand are added to food to improve the taste.

ALWAYS WASH YOUR HANDSMicro organisms can be passed around through physical contact,

coughing, sneezingAnd through contact with blood or other body fluids,

HUMANS (and many animals)

have 5 senses.

HEARINGWe can tell what

sounds are and wherethey are coming from

using our ears.

SIGHTWe see with our eyes.

We have 2 eyesso we can judge

distances.This is called

BINOCULAR vision.

TOUCHWe use our skin and

nerves to tell us if something is too hot/cold/sharp.

This helps to protect usfrom danger.

TASTEWe use different

parts of our tongueto sense different tastes

such as bitter, sour, sweet or salty.

SMELLThis is our strongest sense.

We can tell the differencebetween good and bad smells.

This may stop us fromeating something which would

make us ill.

Our Senses

Food Chains and Interdependence

HerbivoresAnimals which only eat plants

eg – rabbits, cows, sheep, camels, elephants, deer.

CarnivoresAnimals which only eat other animals (meat)

eg – lions, dogs, cats, polar bears, sharks, penguins.

OmnivoresAnimals which eat a mixed diet (plants and animals)eg humans, whales, some monkeys.

A typicalsimple

food chain

PRODUCERS (green plants) are the first in a food chain

All animal life on Earth is dependent on plants which are dependent on the sun’s energy.

CONSUMERS are all animals.

PREDATORS are animals that eat other animals.

PREY are animals that are eaten by other animals.

Our Bodies

The HEARTPumps blood around our

body as part of theCIRCULATORY system.The more we exercise

the faster the heart pumps.

The DIGESTIVE SYSTEMbreaks down the food we eat

with a range of ENZYMES and ACIDS.

The waste products are thenEXCRETED.

The LUNGS take OXYGEN out of the air we breathe in and replace it

with unwanted CARBON DIOXIDE

which we breathe out.

Teeth help us chew food.We have 4 types

INCISORS- for bitingCANINES- for tearing

PREMOLARS – for chewingMOLARS – for chewing

Our SKELETONhelps to supportus and protect

our internalorgans.

Our skeleton also helps us to move using a system

of LIGAMENTS and MUSCLES

Plants and their Life Cycles

Different parts of a plant have different functions.The leaf makes

the food for theplant by

PHOTOSYNTHESISusing energy from the sun.

The rootstake in water

and NUTRIENTSfrom the soil

they alsoANCHORthe plantin place.

The stemTRANSPORTSNUTRIENTS

from the rootsto the rest

of the plant.

The flower produces SEEDS so that new plants can grow.

GERMINATIONThe seed begins

to growa shoot

POLLINATIONPollen from the STAMEN

of one plantlands on the

STIGMA of anotherPlant.

DISPERSALThe plant spreads it’s seeds as far as possible so there is

less competitionfor light

and space,

Living Things………have seven things that they ALL do………

MOVEMENTAnimals walk crawl wiggle swim or fly.

Plants move to face the sun.

RESPIRATIONPlants breathe in carbon dioxide

and give out oxygen.Animals breathe in oxygen

and give out carbon dioxide

SENSITIVITYAnimals and plants use their senses

to respond to the environment.Animals can see, hear, feel touch

and taste.Plants turn to face the sun or grow

towards the light.

NUTRITIONAll animals need to eat.

Plants can make their own food by photosynthesis

EXCRETIONAll living things have to get rid

of waste products either through their digestive system (poo)

or through their skin or leaves.

GROWTHAll living things grow.Some grow a lot and

others just a little. REPRODUCTIONAll living things need to make sure

their species survives they do this byreproduction. Animals give birth to

live babies or lay eggs.Plants produce seeds.

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