science plants grade 5

7/29/2019 Science Plants Grade 5

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7 THINGS YOU DON'T KNOW ABOUT A SPECIAL NEEDS PARENT

1. I am tired. Parenting is already an exhausting endeavor. But parenting a special needs child takes things toanother level of fatigue. Even if I've gotten a good night's sleep, or have had some time off, there is a level of

emotional and physical tiredness that is always there, that simply comes from the weight of tending to thoseneeds. Hospital and doctors' visits are not just a few times a year, they may be a few times a month.

Therapies may be daily. Paperwork and bills stack up, spare time is spent researching new treatments,positioning him to sit a certain way, advocating for him in the medical and educational system. This is not to

mention the emotional toll of raising a special needs child, since the peaks and valleys seem so much moreextreme for us. I am always appreciative of any amount of grace or help from friends to make my life easier,

no matter how small, from arranging plans around my schedule and location, to watching my son while I ameating.

2. I am jealous. It's a hard one for me to come out and say, but it's true. When I see a 1-year-old baby do

what my son can't at 4 years-old (like walk), I feel a pang of jealousy. It hurts when I see my son strugglingso hard to learn to do something that comes naturally to a typical kid, like chewing or pointing. It can be hard

to hear about the accomplishments of my friend's kids. Sometimes, I just mourn inside for Jacob, "It's notfair." Weirdly enough, I can even feel jealous of other special needs kids who seem to have an easier time

than Jacob, or who have certain disorders like Downs, or autism, which are more mainstream and understoodby the public, and seem to offer more support and resources than Jacob's rare condition. It sounds petty, and

it doesn't diminish all my joy and pride in my son's accomplishments. But often it's very hard for me to bearound typical kids with him. Which leads me to the next point...

3. I feel alone. It's lonely parenting a special needs child. I can feel like an outsider around moms of typical

kids. While I want to be happy for them, I feel terrible hearing them brag about how their 2-year-old has 100words, or already knows their ABCs (or hey, even poops in the potty). Good for them, but it's so not what my

world looks like (check out Shut Up About Your Perfect Kid). It's been a sanity saver to connect with other

special needs moms, with whom it's not uncomfortable or shocking to swap stories about medications, feedingtubes, communication devices and therapies. Even within this community, though, there is such variation inhow every child is affected. Only I understand Jacob's unique makeup and challenges. With this honor of

caring for him comes the solitude of the role. I often feel really lonely in raising him.

4. I am scared. I worry that I'm not doing enough. What if I missed a treatment or a diagnosis and thatwindow of optimal time to treat it has passed? I worry about Jacob's future, whether he will ever drive a car,

or get married, or live independently. I am scared thinking of the hurts he will experience being "different" inwhat's often a harsh world (not to mention that I fear for the physical safety of the person who inflicts any

hurt upon my son). I am scared about finances. Finally, I fear what will happen to Jacob if anything were tohappen to me. In spite of this, my fears have subsided greatly over the years because of my faith, and

because of exposure to other kids, teenagers, and adults affected with Jacob's disorder. When I met some ofthese amazing people at a conference last year, the sadness and despair that I was projecting onto Jacob's

future life (because it was so unknown) melted away when I saw the love and thriving that was a reality intheir lives. The fear of emotional pain (for both me and Jacob) is probably the one that remains the most.

5. I wish you would stop saying, "retarded," "short bus," "as long as it's healthy... " I know people usually

don't mean to be rude by these comments, and I probably made them myself before Jacob. But nowwhenever I hear them, I feel a pang of hurt. Please stop saying these things. It's disrespectful and hurtful to

those who love and raise the kids you're mocking (not to mention the kids themselves). As for the lastcomment, "as long as it's healthy," I hear a lot of pregnant women say this. Don't get me wrong, I understand

and share their wishes for healthy babies in every birth, but it's become such a thoughtless mantra during


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pregnancy that it can feel like a wish against what my son is. "And what if it's not healthy?" I want to ask. (My

response: you will be OK. You and your child will still have a great, great life.)

6. I am human. I have been challenged and pushed beyond my limits in raising my son. I've growntremendously as a person, and developed a soft heart and empathy for others in a way I never would have

without him. But I'm just like the next mom in some ways. Sometimes I get cranky, my son irritates me, andsometimes I just want to flee to the spa or go shopping (and, um, I often do). I still have dreams and

aspirations of my own. I travel, dance, am working on a novel, love good food, talk about dating. I watch MadMen, and like a good cashmere sweater. Sometimes it's nice to escape and talk about all these other things.

And if it seems that the rest of my life is all I talk about sometimes, it's because it can be hard to talk aboutmy son. Which leads me to the final point...

7. I want to talk about my son/It's hard to talk about my son. My son is the most awe-inspiring thing to

happen to my life. Some days I want to shout from the top of the Empire State Building how funny and cutehe is, or how he accomplished something in school (he was recently voted class president!). Sometimes, when

I'm having a rough day, or have been made aware of yet another health or developmental issue, I might notsay much. I don't often share with others, even close friends and family, the depths of what I go through

when it comes to Jacob. But it doesn't mean that I don't want to learn how to share our life with others. Onething I always appreciate is whenever people ask me a more specific question about my son, like "How did

Jacob like the zoo?" or "How's Jacob's sign language coming along?" rather than a more generalized "How'sJacob?" which can make me feel so overwhelmed that I usually just respond, "Good." Starting with the small

things gives me a chance to start sharing. And if I'm not sharing, don't think that there isn't a lot going onunderneath, or that I don't want to.

Raising a special needs child has changed my life. I was raised in a family that valued performance and

perfection above all else, and unconsciously I'd come to judge myself and others through this lens. Nothingbreaks this lens more than having a sweet, innocent child who is born with impairments that make ordinary

living and ordinary "performance" difficult or even impossible.

It has helped me understand that true love is meeting someone (child or adult, special needs or not) exactlywhere he or she is -- no matter how they stack up against what "should be." Raising a special needs child

shatters all the "should be. " that we idolize and build our lives around, and puts something else at the core:love and understanding. So maybe that leads me to the last thing you don't know about a special needs

parent... I may have it tough, but in many ways I feel really blessed.1Like Share
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Plants Grade 5

Terms DefinitionsVascular Plants Plants that have structures for

transporting water

Nonvascular Plants Plants that do not have well developedstructures for transporting water.

Rhizome The underground stem of a fernFrond The leaf of a fernSeed A protective covering that surrounds a

young plant and its stored food

Plant embryo The early, undeveloped stage of a plantGermination The process by which a plant embryo

develops and breaks out of the seed

Gymnosperm A plant that produces uncovered seedsAngiosperm A plant that produces covered seeds and

flowers

Monocot A flowering plant with one seed leaf in itsseeds

Dicot A flowering plant with two seed leaves inits seeds

Plant kingdom has twomain groups

vascular and nonvascular

vascular plants -Have structures for transporting waterThree types of vascularplants

-No seeds- ferns, horsetails and club

mosses

-With seeds- cone bearing; pines and

spruces

-With seeds- flowering; oak trees, roses

and corn


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chlorophyll green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy

for photosynthesischloroplast structure in plant cells where photosynthesis happenscones used by conifers for reproduction (to produce seeds)conifer evergreens with needle-like leaves that make cones to

produce seeds

cotyledon stored food in a seed that become the first leavesdicotyledon (dicot) plant that makes seeds with two food storage

areas (two seed leaves)

dormancy growth and activity of a plant or seed stops due tochanges in water or temperature

embryo the beginnings of roots, stems and leaves inside a seedflowers used by some plants for reproduction (to produce seedgeotropism the way a plant grows or moves in response to gravity

(also called gravitropism)

gravitropism the way a plant grows or moves in response to gravity(also called geotropism)

guard cells located on the underside of leaves, they open and closestomata

herbaceous stem soft, usually green stems that are not very supportivehydrotropism the way a plant grows or moves in response to watermonocotyledon (monocot) plant that makes seeds with one food storag

area (one seed leaf)nonvascular plants small plants that cannot easily transport food and watethrough the plant

phloem tubes in vascular plants that transport food (sugar)photosynthesis the process that plants use to make sugar (food)

water + carbon dioxide + solar energy ->oxygen + sug

(food)


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phototropism the way a plant grows or moves in response to lightpores openings or holesrespiration the process plants use get energy from food by breakin

down sugar in the cellsoxygen + sugar (food) ->water + carbon dioxide +

energy

seeds made by most plants to reproduce; contain embryo,cotyledon and seed coat

spores made by plants that do not make seeds to reproduce;much smaller than seeds

stomata (plural-stoma) openings or holes in leaves that let gasein and out

thigmotropism the way a plant grows or moves in response to touchtranspiration the process where plants lose water vapor through

stomata in their leaves

tropism a plants response to a stimulus by growing or movingstems, roots or leaves

vascular plants plants that can transport food (sugar) and waterthroughout the plant

woody stem strong, hard stems that can support very tall plantsxylem tubes in vascular plants that transport water and minera


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Terms Definitions

Bryophytes are nonvascular plants including mosses and their relatives.

Rhizoids are long thin cells that anchor mosses in the ground and absorb water andminerals from the surrounding soil.

Gemmae are small multicellular reproductive structures.

Protonema is a mass of tangled green filaments which a moss spore grows into afterit germinates.

Antheridium is the place where sperm with whiplike tails are produced.

Archegonium is the place where egg cells are produced.

Vacular tissue is specialized to conduct water and nutrients throughout the plant.

Tracheids are hollow plant cells in xylem tissue with thick cell walls that resistpressure.

(a cell specialized to conduct water - more efficient than diffusion)

Xylem is a transport subsystem that carries water upward from the roots to every

part of a plant.(cells - long & specialized to move fluids throughout the body)

Pholem transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced byphotosynthesis.

(cells - long & specialized to move fluids throughout the body)Lignin is a substance that makes cell walls rigid, enables vascular plants to grow

upright and reach great heights.

Roots are underground organisms that absorb food and minerals.

(center of root - water-conducting tissues)

Leaves are photosynthetic organs that contain one or more bundles of vascular

tissue.

Veins are where the vascular tissue in leaves is gathered into, and also are made

of xylem and pholem.

Stems are supporting structures that connect roots and leaves, carrying waterand nutrients between them.

Rhizomes are creeping underground stems in ferns.

Fronds are large leaves in ferns.

Sporangia are tiny containers located on the underside of fronds where haploidspores develop.

Sori are clusters of sporangia.


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Phylum

Bryophyta

(mosses) Generally small; multicellular plants; live on land in moist

habitats; lack vascular tissue; lack true roots, leaves, and stems;gametophyte dominant; water required for reproduction.

Phylum

Hepatophyta

(liverworts) gametophytic generation dominant; the stalk of the

sporophyte is very short and reduced in size; fertilization of the egg bysperm is dependant on the presence of water in order for the sperm to

swim to the egg; the archegonia contain eggs tucked under thearchegonial head; the gametangia are elevated on gametophores that look

like miniature trees

Phylum

Anthocerophyta

hornworts; lack vascular tissue; gametophytes look like liverworts but

send up a tiny moss-like sporophyte; closely related to mosses; symbioticwith 2 types of cyanobacteria that fix nitrogen

Phylum

Lycophyta

club mosses; possess true roots, stems, and leaves. asexual reproduction

by rhizomes. sporangia occur on sporophylls clustered in strobili.


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Phylum

Pterophyta

Ferns. Seedless plants. Among earliest vascular plants to colonize land.

Life cycle involves alternation of generation (dominant stage is thesporophyte generation).

Phylum

Sphenophyta

horestails; have jointed stems and tiny scale like leaves at joints, spores

produced in strobilus at tip of stem called, sometimes called scouringrushes due to pioneer women using them to wash dishes,

common in sandy soil near water where they take in silicon dioxide

Gametophyte the gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant

having alternation of generations

sporophyte the spore-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having

alternation of generationsspores how primitive plants are dispersed, these are haploid cells that can

develop directly into adult plants, they are protected by an outer layer of

sporopollenin that prevents desiccation and other hazards, they are

incredibly small and light, easily dispersed by wind, water, animals. theseare formed by meiosis in special structures called sporangia

sporangium a capsule in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid sporesdevelop

gametangium where gametes are produced, if it produces sperm it is called the

antheridium, and if it produces eggs it is called the archegoniumarchegonium

(plural, archegonia) In plants, the female gametangium, a moist chamber

in which gametes develop.


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antheridium

(plural, antheridia) In plants, the male gametangium, a moist chamber in

which gametes develop.

Mnium

Example of mosses or the phylum bryophytarhizoids thread like structures that anchor non vascular plants to the ground

(mosses and liverworts)

gemma cups

structures that house gemmae, tiny lens-shaped pieces of thallus that are a

form of asexual reproduction in liverworts

gemmae

Asexual reproductive bodies that become detached from a parent plant

and grow a new plant. Formed in gemmae cups.

microsporangium

a sporangium that produces spores that give rise to male gametophytes.


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In Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (Flowering plants), the

microsporangium produce the microsporocyte, also known as the

microspore mother cell, which then creates four microspores through

meiosis. The microspores divide to create pollen grains.

megasporangium

a sporangium where megaspores are formed, containing a diploidmegasporcyte that after meiosis becomes 4 haploid megaspores that

develop into female gametophytes that produce archegonia;homosporous Producing spores of one kind only that are not differentiated by sex. The

spores of homosporous plants, such as horsetails and most ferns, growinto bisexual gametophytes (producing both male and female gametes).

heterosporous A term referring to a plant species that has two kinds of spores:microspores that develop into male gametophytes and megaspores that

develop into female gametophytes.

Phylum Psilophyta

Whisk ferns, not actual ferns, but closely related. Nearly extinct.Gametophytes are tiny thread-like plants that lack chlorophyll and look

like tiny fungi.

Selaginella

Example of the Phylum Lycophyta, club moss with visible strobili


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sori

clusters of reproductive cells on the underside of a fern frond

strobili

Groups of sporophylls that form cones in many lycophytes and most

gymnosperms

female

gametophyte

Archegonia - Haploid gamete producing phase of the life-cycle, makes

eggs


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ATP, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration

Chemistry English

Carbon Dioxide What serves as the carbon source for photosynthesis?

Grana Sunlight is absorbed in stacks of Granum called _____?

HO and Glucose Besides CO,____ (other raw material) is also used in photosynthesisto produce carbohydrate molecules such as the simple sugar_____.

Autotrophs Plants can make their own food so they are called_____.

Heterotrophs Animals can not make their own food, so they are called ____.

Chloroplast Photosynthesis occurs mainly in the ________ (organelle) of plants.

Stomata and mesophyll Pores on the underside of leaves are called ____, while the cells in

leaves that contain chlorophyll are called____ cells.

Chloroplast The organelle in mesophyll cells that contains chlorophyll is called____.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide Name two gases exchanged through the stomata of a leaf?

water Besides gases, ____ vapor can be lost from a leaf as a product of

photosynthesis.

Grana Stacks of thylakoids are called

They have chlorophyll in them. Why are plants green?

Chlorophyll _____ and other pigments absorb wavelengths of light from 400nm to

700nm.

Decreases During the fall, what happens to the amount of chlorophyll being

produced by plants?

Cartenoid and anthocyanin ____ are another type of plant pigment that is orange, and _____

pigment is the color red.

There is less sunlight and water

available for photosynthesis

Why do leaves turn colors in the fall?

6CO + 6HO CH0 + 6O Write the summary equation for photosynthesis.

Sunlight What si the ultimate energy for life on Earth?

Glucose Plants store energy in the chemical bonds of the _____ molecules madeduring photosynthesis.

Cellular respiration Chemical bond energy is released from sugars during _______ .

Adenosine Triphosphate ATP stands for _______________________.


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Nitrogen base, 3 phosphate, 5

carbon sugars

Name the parts of ATP?

High energy bond Describe the bond attaching the last phosphate group to ATP

ADP+P What two molecules are produced when the last phosphate bond on

ATP is broken?ADP, P, and energy Name 3 things released when the last phosphate bond on ATP is

broken

ADP The process of making ATP from____ and a free phosphate is called

ATP/ADP cycle.

Respiration Energy released from the ATP is available for cellular ________

1 and 2 The light reactions for photosynthesis involves which stages? 1,2, or 3

Electron transport chain The ______ ______ ______ is a series of molecules through which

excited electrons are passed along the thylakoid membrane.

Calvin and Carbon Dioxide The third stage of photosynthesis is also called the ______ cycle or______ _______ fixation cycle

No Does the Calvin cycle (stage 3) require light energy?

On the granum Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis take place in a

chloroplast?

1 and 2 Water split in stage __, while NADPH is made in stage __.

HO Oxygen made by plants comes from the splitting of ____ in stage 1.

NADPH _______ is an electron carrier that provides high energy electronsneeded to make carbon-hydrogen bonds in stage 3.

Electron transport ATP is made using the _______ ______ chain in stage 2 of

photosynthesis

CO and HO The energy used for the Calvin cycle comes from ___ and ____ whichwere made during the light (stage 1&2) reaction.

CO and glucose The gas ____ (raw material) is used in the Calvin cycle to bond withH's and make the sugar _______.

Stoma When conditions are hot and dry, ______ are closed by the guard cells

to prevent water loss.

Enzyme The Calvin cycle (stage 3) uses CO to make glucose with a series of

______- assisted reactions.HO What is the source of oxygen gas during photosynthesis (splitting of

what molecule)?

1 Oxygen gas is given off in Stage __ of photosynthesis.

ATP In what molecule is energy temporarily stored when food molecules

are broken down in cellular respiration (only source of energy forchemical work in the cell)?

oxygen What gas made during photosynthesis is used as a raw material in

cellular respiration?


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Cellular respiration What is the process of breaking down food molecules to release stored

energy called?

Food What is the source of glucose during cellular respiration?

Pyruvic During glycolysis glucose is broken down to form ______ acid.

4,2,2 Glycolysis produces __ ATP, but because it needs __ ATP to begin the

breakdown, then the net result is just __ ATP.

Fermentation(anaerobic

respiration)

Breaking down organic molecules without oxygen is known as what?

Lactic acid What acid builds up in muscles during heavy exercise without enoughoxygen (during anaerobic respiration)?

Aerobic-36, Anaerobic- 2 Name the 2 types of cellular respiration. How many ATP are produced

in each?

Respiration in the absence of

oxygen

What is fermentation?

Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide. It

occurs in yeast.

What are the products of alcoholic fermentation? What type oforganism does this occur in?

17 Fermentation in animals produces ___ more ATP

12 and NADH The end result of the Krebs cycle of anaerobic respiration is __ ATPs

and a molecule of ______.

Mitochondria Kreb's cycle occurs in the ___________ (cellular organelle)

Cytoplasm Glycolysis occurs in the ____________ of the cell

22 The electron transport chain in stage 2 of aerobic respiration produces____ additional ATP

Citric acid The Krebs cycle is also known as the _____ ______ cycle.

Aerobic ___________ respiration is the most efficient type of respiration

because it produces more ATP, 36 compared to 2.

science plants grade 5

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