Div B/C Rocks and Minerals EventBoyceville, WI

Science Olympiad InvitationalDec. 3, 2016

Team Name, Team #, Competitor Names Go on Next Page – Write them there now

Do NOT look at samples or start answering until you are directed to do so.

Questions are on the station sheets with the samples.

All answers are to be written on the answer pages in this packet, in the correct space/blank (there are cues on the answer sheet that go with the station questions). If we can’t easily read or understand what you write, it will be counted as incorrect

If you separate the pages – write your team name, team # and competitor names at the top of each page. Reassemble them in correct order when time is up.

You may pick up the samples – treat them gently. Do NOT lick or taste any sample.

Tools at some stations in cups – test but don’t abuse samples. You always have your finger nail.

Do not write on or attempt to change any labels on the samples – DQ your team

Leave everything as you found it at the station when you leave for next.

Timed stations – May not go back to stations.

*Tie-Breaker questions are marked with * (asterisk). They will not be scored as part of the test, but will be used in the case of ties.

Rocks and Minerals Boyceville Science Olympiad Invite – Dec. 3, 2016

School: ____________________ Team Name _______________________ Team #_______

Competitor Names: _______________________ ______________________

Use this sheet for all of your answers. Do not write on the station sheets. There are 98 points possible. Tie-breaker questions are indicated by an asterisk (*).

1. sedimentary structure ____________________________

water motion:

how you can tell:

2. Name Composition

A - __________________________ __________________

B - __________________________ __________________ How you can tell them apart:

General name of mineral property: ________________________

Optical property of sample B : ___________________________

3. (give letter and rock name, in order of metamorphic grade ):

__________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ Lowest grade ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Highest Grade

Shared metamorphic texture: _________________________

*Explain cause of the texture:

4. Mineral names (give Letter and name):

__________________ __________________ __________________ __________________

What they have in common: _____________________________________________

5. Sample not belonging letter and name: ____________________________

Explain why:

6. give sample letter and name in order (highest to lowest):

__________________ __________________ __________________ __________________

Highest energy --------------------------------------------------------------------- Lowest energy

Explain how you determined the order:

7. Provide Letter and Name

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________

Location X Location Y Location Z

8. only the igneous rocks, in order from nearest surface to deepest:Letter Name

On or near earth surface

Deepest in crust

9. metamorphic samples

letter - namepossible parent rock sample(s) letter(s) –

name(s)

Texture term for the metamorphic rocks: _________________________________

10. Letter and Name of igneous rocks, in order Most Mafic --------------------------------------------------------- Most Felsic

Intrusive: ______________________ ______________________ _____________________

Extrusive equiv: ______________________ ______________________ ______________________

11. mineral name: _______________________, mineral class: _________________

metamorphic grade: __________________________

*Explain how can tell metamorphic grade:

12. specific gravity of A = __________ show math here:

Sample A Name ______________________ A compositon: _______________________

Sample B Name ______________________ B compositon: _______________________

13.

Name Chemical Composition

Mineral Class

Crystal System

Polymorph Name

Polymorph’s Crystal System

A

B

*Product of reaction with acid: _______________________________

14. Letter Mineral Name

Last to form ______ _______________________ (lowest crystallization temp.)

______ _______________________

______ _______________________

______ _______________________

First to form ______ _______________________ (highest crystallization temp.)

Crystallization sequence is named after: ____________________________

15. Mineral Name Gemstone variety name(s)

Sample A __________________ _________________ _________________

Sample B __________________ _________________ _________________

Element for Sample B _____________________

*Explain different colors:

16. What mineral ______________________ (1 pt)

This mineral does not form naturally in south-central Minnesota.Explain how samples got to a south- central Minnesota gravel pit: (2 pt)

Refer to the MN bedrock geologic map on next page. Put a bold “x” on the map in all the mapped rock locations where this substance would have formed naturally in what is now Minnesota. (2 pt)

*Explain how and inside what other rock type the mineral formed, and what causes its color variations. Be as specific as possible:

(2 pt)

Note – in event of a tie remaining after the other tie-breakers are considered, the quality and thoroughness of this answer will be evaluated to break the tie.

2016 Division B/C Boyceville InviteDec. 3, 2016

Rocks and Minerals

School: ____ Key ________________

Names: _______________________ ______________________

1. sedimentary structure ______ripple marks______

water motion: current from C toward A how you can tell: asymmetric with the steep side pointing down stream (longer side pointing upstream)

2. Name Composition

A - ____halite________ ____NaCl______

B - ______calcite ________ ______CaCO3________ How you tell them apart: by their shapes (A is cubic, 90o, and B is slanted angles (rhomohedral)

General name of mineral property: ___cleavage_____

Optical property of sample B : ___double refraction (birefringence)____

3. Lowest grade ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Highest Grade

__E - slate___ ___A - phyllite_____ __B – schist _____ ___D - gneiss____

Metamorphic texture name: ____foliated (foliation) _____

*Cause of the texture: ____the mineral grains are aligned in response to pressure__________

4. Mineral names (give Letter and name):

___A – hematite _____ ____B- magnetite ____ ___C - hematite____ ____E - pyrite_____ [D is quartzite – meta rock]

Have in common: ___ all contain Fe (iron) __________

5. Sample letter and name: ___B – calcite _____

Why?: it’s a carbonate and the others are silicates A(talc) C (plagioclase) D (quartz)

6. provide letter and name _C conglomerate_ _E conglomerate (course sandstone)_ _A sandstone__ _B shale _ Highest energy --------------------------------------------------------------------- Lowest energy

Explain how you determined the order: by grain size - the larger the grain size the higher the energy (smaller the grain size the lower the energy), so they are ordered based on the size of the grains C is largest, B is smallest, E larger than A

[D is scoria]

7. Provide Letter and Name ___D – basalt _____ ______C - andesite______ _____B - gneiss_____

Location X Location Y Location Z

8. only the igneous rocksLetter Name

On or near earth surface

Deepest in crust

E Obsidian

A Diorite

C granite

B granite

[D is not igneous – conglomerate]

9. metamorphic samples

letter - namepossible parent rock sample(s) letter(s)

B - Marble D - limestone E - quartzite A - sandstone

[C is gypsum] Texture term: ___non-foliated__

10. Letter and Name Most Mafic --------------------------------------------------------- Most Felsic

______C - gabbro _____ _______D - diorite_______ _______B - granite______

extrusive equiv: ________basalt________ ________andesite______ _______ rhyolite______

11. mineral name: ____garnet_(almandine)______, mineral class: ___silicate___ metamorphic grade: ____medium regional (amphibolite)___

*Explain: garnet forms (is stable) at the temperature/pressure conditions described as medium regional; under lower temperature pressure conditions the garnets would not yet crystallize; and if the temperature/pressure grade when higher, any garnets that had formed would be unstable and re-crystallize into a different mineral that is stable at the higher grade conditions

12. specific gravity of A = __4.5____ math: 36/(36-28) = 36/8 = 4.5

Sample A Name ___Barite___ compositon: ____BaSO4________

Sample B Name ____Gypsum_______ compositon: ____CaSO4-H2O_________

13.

Name Composition Mineral Class

Crystal System

Polymorph Name

Polymorph’s Crystal System

A graphite C element hexagonal diamond Cubic (isometric)

B calcite CaCO3 carbonate Hexagonal (trigonal)

Aragonite (vaterite)

Orthorhombic (pseudohexagonal)

*Product of reaction with acid: ____carbon dioxide gas___________

14. Letter Mineral Name

Last to form __C__ ___quartz______

__D__ ___muscovite___

__E__ ___orthoclase___

__A__ ___biotite_______

First to form __B__ ___olivine______

Named after: ___ Norman Bowen____

15. Mineral Name Gemstone name(s)

Sample A ___corundum_____ ___ruby______ ____sapphire____

Sample B ___beryl______ ____aquamarine___ ___emerald_____

Name of element for Sample B ____beryllium_______

*Explain colors: substitution in the crystal lattice of trace amounts of different elements (usually transition metals) causes the different colors – changes the energies of the electromagnetic fields inside the crystal lattice so different energies in the electron transitions when interacting with lighte.g. chromium that substitutes in the crystal for aluminum = pink to deep red = ruby iron or titanium substituting for aluminum in the crystal structure has a blue color = sapphirehe pale blue color of aquamarine is attributed to Fe2+. The Fe3+ ions produce golden-yellow color, and when both Fe2+ and Fe3+ are present, the color is a darker blueEmerald refers to green beryl, colored by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium

16. What is it ___agate____

Explain how samples got to south – central Minnesota gravel pit: Glacial deposits – glaciers transported them there

Although agates originated in the basaltic rocks along the North Shore,glaciers that advanced into Minnesota from the northeast, brought agate-bearing gravel into the central and southern parts of the state.

Refer to the MN bedrock geologic map on next page. Put a bold “x” on the map in all the mapped rock locations that this substance does form naturally in Minnesota.

*Explain where in Minnesota (e.g. in what other MN rock) and how the substance forms. Be as specific as possible.

Agates form in cavities in volcanic rocks (basalt) near the North Shore of Lake Superion. As mineral-rich water circulates through the cavities, silica (SiO2), or quartz, is deposited in layers along cavity walls. Eventually, the cavities completely fill with this banded variety of quartz. The color variations are due to slight mineral impurities in the water. Iron, for example, causes much of the red and orange color seen in Lake Superior agates.