•Science= Latin for “to know”

•Biology= Science of Life

• Inquiry= People asking questions

•Observation= The use of the senses to gather and record information

• Inference: Logical Conclusion based on an observation• Generalization: When many specific observations are put together to reach a general conclusion. • Theory: A well tested explanation that makes sense of many varied scientific observations. •Theory of Natural selection

1. Introduction/Observation • observe something you want to know about

2.Question • a question that can be answered by an

investigation• Included the variables being tested

3.Hypothesis • a prediction that is educated and can be

tested• Written in “IF, THEN, BECAUSE” Format

4.Materials• A complete list of all equipment and ingredients

5.Procedure• (A logical set of instructions describing each step)• Any person should be able to duplicate the

experiment

6.Data• Data table and Graphs showing all data collected

and compared

7.Conclusion• A statement that answers the initial question,

shows whether the hypothesis was supported or rejected.

•Manipulated Variable: A variable that is changed by the experimenter• Responding Variable: A variable that is measured in the experiment• Controlled Variable: A variable that is kept the same throughout the entire experiment.• Experimental Control: A test subject that is unchanged or left in it’s original state, used to compare to the manipulated subjects.

1.MV: RV:

2.MV RV:

3.MV: RV:

1. If chocolate is given to teachers, then amount of homework will decrease, because the teacher is happy!

2. If trees have leaves, then bird nests will increase because the leaves protect them from view

3. If plants are watered, then growth height will increase because plants use water to make food.

1. If chocolate is given to teachers, then amount of homework will decrease, because the teacher is happy!

2. If trees have leaves, then bird nests will increase because the leaves protect them from view

3. If plants are watered, then growth height will increase because plants use water to make food.

• MV• RV

• Question: A testable question is a must for any experiment• The question must include the manipulated variable, the responding variable, and should be testable.

Use the information below to write a testable question for an experiment

1). MV: amount of lightRV: Growth of grass seed

Question format:How will (Manipulated Variable) affect (Responding Variable)?

Use the information below to write a testable question for an experiment

2). MV: Type of foodRV: speed of ants carrying food

• Hypothesis: An educated guess that can be tested by an investigation

**Hypothesis Format**• If (manipulated variable), then (responding variable), because (scientific explanation)

• What affect does studying with music have on a student’s test scores?•How do I make this a hypothesis?• Identify the variables (manipulated, responding)• Manipulated is usually found at the beginning of the question• Responding is usually found after the manipulated

• Change the format (If, Then, Because)• Make a prediction (what do you think will

happen?)

• What affect does studying with music have on student test scores?

• What is being changed and measured?• The red words tell us what is being changed• Studying with or without music

• The yellow words tell us what is being measured.• Student test scores• Using this information, write a hypothesis

• *Remember* IF___THEN____BECAUSE_____

• What affect does studying with music have on student test scores?

• Here is an example:• If a student studies with music, then they will have higher

test scores, because they aren’t being distracted while they study.

1. What affect does the color of food have on the amount of food fish eat?

2. What affect does smiling have on a teacher giving no homework?

3. How does serving mystery meat for lunch change the length of the lunch line?

1. What affect does the color of food have on the amount of food fish eat?

2. What affect does smiling have on a teacher giving no homework?

3. How does serving mystery meat for lunch change the length of the lunch line?

• Using these hints of variables please write your own hypotheses in if….,then….,because…. format

• Quantitative data: Measurements or observations recorded numerically•Ex:• 5 pounds• 8 feet

• Qualitative data: Measurements or observations recorded as descriptions•Ex:• Mom is blond haired• The building is square

• Identify each in your notes as quantitative (QA) or qualitative (QL)

1. The ball was red, bouncy, and smooth2. The ball bounced 5 mm high3. The boy skateboarded the course in 20

seconds4. The girl ran the race in 15 seconds5. The frog was not moving, cold to the touch,

and dry6. The experiment made 1 pound of goo each

minute and it was green and squishy.

1.Qualitative (QL)2.Quantitative (QA)3.Quantitative (QA)4.Quantitative (QA)5.Qualitative (QL)6.Both (QA and QL)

Use the information below to decide what measurements should be used in this experiment

3). MV: Change in TemperatureRV: Growth of radish seedsHypothesis: If the temperature of a radish seed is changed then it will grow less because it was placed in an unfamiliar environment

Measurement:__________________________

Use the variables to write a question and hypothesis.

4). MV: Use of vitaminsRV: Kitten GrowthQuestion:________________________. Hypothesis:________________________.

•With in a manipulated variable there must be at least 3 conditions tested•Ex: MV: change in water temperature

• 10oC• 20oC• 30oC

• RV: Speed of swimmer

1.MV: 1 2 3 RV:

2.MV 1 2 3

RV:

1.How does a change in temperature affect the growth of gold fish?

2.How do different color lights affect the

growth of bean plants?

1. MV: Temperature change 1 2 3 RV: gold fish growth

2. MV: Different color lights 1 2 3

RV: Growth of bean plants

•Validity: Steps taken in a lab to ensure the outcome to be consistent and the data to be accurate

•Reliability: Repeating the lab multiple times to ensure that the outcome is consistent