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Science

TERM I

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SYLLABUSSCIENCE (CLASS–IX)

First Term Marks: 90

Unit No. Unit Marks

I Matter – Its Nature and Behaviour 29

II Organisation in the Living World 18

III Motion, Force and Work 30

V Food; Food Production 13

Total 90

Theme: Materials (22 Periods)Unit I: Matter-Nature and Behaviour

Nature of matter:

Theme: The World of the Living (22 Periods)Unit II: Organization in the Living World

Tissues, Organs, Organ System, Organism:

Theme: Moving Things, People and Ideas (36 Periods)Unit III: Motion, Force and Work

Force and Newton's laws:

Gravitation:

Theme: Food (10 Periods)Unit V: Food Production

PRACTICALSPracticals should be conducted alongside the concepts taught in theory classes.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

QUESTION PAPER DESIGN(CODE NO. 086/090)

Class–IX

First Term Marks: 90

S. No. Typology of Questions

Very

Short

Answer

(VSA)

1 Mark

Short

Answer

–I (SAI)

2 Marks

Short

Answer

–II

(SAII)

3 Marks

Long

Answer

(LA)

5 Marks

Total

Marks

%

Weight

age

1

Remembering

3 – 1 1 11 15%

2

Understanding

– 1 4 1 19 25%

3

Application

– – 4 1 17 23%

4

High Order Thinking Skills

– 2 – 1 9 12%

5

Inferential and Evaluative

– – 2+1* 2 19 25%

Total (Theory Based Questions) 3x1=3 3x2=6 12x3=36 6x5=30 75(24) 100%

Practical Based Questions (PBQs) 9x1=9 3x2=6 – – 15(12)

Total 12x1=12 6x2=12 12x3=36 6x5=30 90(36)

Note:

Matter in Our Surroundings

■All m

atter is made up of a large number of extremely sm

all particles.

■There are vacant sp

aces between particles of m

atter.

■Particl

es of matter are continuously m

oving.

■There are attra

ctive forces between particles of m

atter and the extent of these forces between

the particles re

sults in different sta

tes of matter.

■There are three sta

tes of matter i.e. so

lid, liquid and gas.

■The forces of attra

ction between molecules are maximum in solids, in

termediate in liquids and

minimum in gases.

■The vacant sp

aces, between particl

es of matter are minimum in solids, intermediate in liquids and

maximum in case of gases.

■Kinetic e

nergies of particles are minimum in the case of so

lids, intermediate in the case of liq

uids

and maximum in the case of gases.

■The arrangement of particl

es is most o

rdered in case of solids. In

case of liquids, th

e layers of

particles ca

n slip over each other. In

case of gases, there is n

o order and particles are in a sta

te of

rapid random motion in all directions.

■The different sta

tes of matter are interconvertible.

■The sta

tes of matter can be changed by in

terchanging temperature or pressure or both.

■The slo

w escape of the particles of a liquid fro

m surface to the vapour state is c

alled evaporation.

■The rate of evaporation depends upon the surface area exposed to the atmosphere, temperature,

humidity and wind speed.

■Evaporation causes co

oling.

(Note: In addition to the three states of matter th

ere are two others states of matter i.e

. Plasma, w

hich

exists at v

ery high temperatu

re and Bose-Einstein condensate which exists

at very lo

w temperature.)

IMPORTANT TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Boiling Point: T

he temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas at one atmospheric p

ressure is

called its boiling point.

Diffusion: Intermixing of particl

es of different substances on their o

wn is called diffusion.

1.1Physical Nature of Matter

1.2Characteristi

cs of Particles of Matter

1.3States of Matter

1.4Change of State of Matter

KC

KC

1

(NCERT Textbook Chapter )

Super RefresherAll chapters as per NCERTTextbook

Every chapter dividedinto CONCEPTS andeach CONCEPT dealtwith as a completetopic

Chapter in a Nutshell and Important Terms and Definitions provide a complete and comprehensive summary of the chapter

Highlights essential information which must be remembered

Each sub-topic dealt with as a complete unit

Includes NCERT Textbook Activities and Exercises with answers

ach sub-topic dealt witha complete unit

MBD Super Refresher Science-IX

52

3.1 Structural Organisation of a Cell

Cells vary in number, shape and size not only in different organisms, but also within an organism. Though

the cells vary widely in their shape, size and function, but all of them have similar basic structure. Each cell

has three functional regions: plasma membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus. On the basis of the number of

cells, organisms are divided into two types: unicellular and multicellular organisms. Unicellular organisms

such as Amoeba and Paramecium are made up of a single cell. Multicellular organisms are formed of

many cells.NCERT Activity 1 – Page 57

Aim: To make a temporary mount of an onion peel and study it under the microscope.

Procedure: 1. Take a small piece from an onion bulb. Using a pair of forceps, carefully peel off the skin from its

inner side.2. Put this peel immediately in a watch-glass containing water to prevent it from drying or getting

folded. 3. Take a clean glass slide and put a drop of water on it.

4. Transfer a small piece of the peel from the watch glass on to the slide.

5. Add a drop of safranine solution on the peel and cover it with a cover slip.

6. Observe the peel under the low power of a compound microscope followed by the high power.

Observations: A large number of cells, lying side by side, are observed under the low power of microscope.

Under high power, it is observed that each cell has a cell wall, a distinct nucleus and vacuoles in the cytoplasm.

NCERT IN-TEXT QUESTIONS

Page – 59 1. Who discovered cells, and how?

Robert Hooke (1665) discovered cells. He was examining a thin slice of cork under a microscope

when he noticed that the thin slice of cork resembled the structure of a honey comb consisting of

many hexagonal compartments. He called these boxes as ‘cells’.

2. Why the cell is called the structural and functional unit of life?

All metabolic activities of life such as respiration, digestion, excretion and reproduction take place

at the cellular level. Cells contain genetic materials, which play an important role in the transfer of

hereditary characters from parents to offspring. Cells of multicellular organisms are grouped to form

tissues, which are further organised to form organs. Organs, in turn, form organ systems and organ

systems work together to form what an organism is in its totality. Thus, cells are the basic building

structural and functional units of life.

Page – 61 1. How do substances like CO2 and water move in and out of the cell? Discuss.

Substances such as carbon dioxide move in and out of cells by the process of diffusion. In this

process, there is a spontaneous movement of substances from a region of higher concentration to

BSE_GR_SCI_G9_C03.indd 52

1/2

MBD

Science

HOTS questions with answers in every chapter

Self Assessment with answers at the end of the book

Value Based Questions to assess the students for social responsibilities

Three Model Test Papersof 90 marks for each term

Practice Exercise equaling 20 marks for every chapter

MODEL QUESTION PAPERS FOR PRACTICE

MODEL QUESTION PAPER—1

CLASS—IX

SUBJECT—SCIENCE

FIRST TERM (SA—I)

Time Allowed : 3 Hours

Max. Marks : 90

General Instructions :

(i) The question paper comprises two sections, A and B. You are to attempt both the sections.

(ii) All questions are compulsory.

(iii) There is no overall choice. However internal choice has been provided in all the three questions of five marks

category. Only one option in such questions is to be attempted.

(iv) All questions of Section A and all questions of Section B are to be attempted separately.

(v) Question numbers 1 to 3 in Section A are one mark questions. These are to be answered in one word or one

sentence.

(vi) Question numbers 4 to 6 are two marks questions, to be answered in about 30 words each.

(vii) Question numbers 7 to 18 are three marks questions, to be answered in about 50 words each.

(viii) Question numbers 19 to 24 are five marks questions, to be answered in about 70 words each.

(ix) Question numbers 25 to 33 in Section B are based on practical skills. Each question is of one mark.

(x) Question numbers 34 to 36 are based on practical skills of two marks each.

SECTION—A

1. 2.

3. 4.

5.

ab 6.

i

ii

iii 7.

ab

M_1-3.indd 1

1/2

MBD Super Refresher Science-IX

66HOTS CORNER

1. As soon as you add salt to salad, water comes out. Why?

As there is more concentration of salt outside the cells, water comes out due to exosmosis.

2. Which cell organelle is called the ‘kitchen of the cell’ and why?

Chloroplast is called the kitchen of cell. It is the site of photosynthesis in green plants. During this

process, plants prepare their own food by trapping solar energy and use CO2 and water as raw

materials.

PRACTICE EXERCISE

Maximum Marks–20

Objective Type Questions

1 mark each

A. Choose the correct Option.

1. The cell wall of certain fungi is made of _______________.

(a) lignin (b) chitin

(c) suberin (d) pectin

2. What are cell inclusions?

(a) non-living materials present in the cytoplasm

(b) another name for cell organelles

(c) combined name for cell wall and plasma membrane

(d) cytoskeletal framework of cell wall and plasma membrane

Answers: 1. (b) chitin 2. (a) non-living materials present in the cytoplasm

SELF ASSESSMENT

A. Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the site of photosynthesis?

(a) chloroplast (b) mitochondria

(c) endoplasmic Reticulum (d) nucleus

2. Which of the following maintains the basic structure of the plant cell after shrinkage of the plant

cell content during plasmolysis?

(a) vacuole (b) plastid

(c) cell wall (d) plasma membrane

B. State whether the following statements are true or false.

1. Nucleolus is present in prokaryotic cell.

2. Centrosomes help in cell division in plant cells.

VALUE BASED QUESTIONS

1. Plants mostly have dead cells on their body surface. On the other hand, most animal have living cells

on their body surface. Why?

As plants are static, dead cells give them rigidity. They also do not need any energy to maintain dead

cells. The outer bark of most trees consists of dead cells and it forms a protective barrier between the

plant and the abiotic and biotic environment.

1/21/2016 5:09:14 PM

CONTENTS

1 Matter in Our Surroundings 1–21

2

3

4 Tissues 72–94

5 Motion 95–128

6

7

8

Matter in Our Surroundings

■ All matter is made up of a large number of extremely small particles.

■ There are vacant spaces between particles of matter.

■ Particles of matter are continuously moving.

■ There are attractive forces between particles of matter and the extent of these forces between

the particles results in different states of matter.

■ There are three states of matter i.e. solid, liquid and gas.

■ The forces of attraction between molecules are maximum in solids, intermediate in liquids and

minimum in gases.

■ The vacant spaces, between particles of matter are minimum in solids, intermediate in liquids and

maximum in case of gases.

■ Kinetic energies of particles are minimum in the case of solids, intermediate in the case of liquids

and maximum in the case of gases.

■ The arrangement of particles is most ordered in case of solids. In case of liquids, the layers of

particles can slip over each other. In case of gases, there is no order and particles are in a state of

rapid random motion in all directions.

■ The different states of matter are interconvertible.

■ The states of matter can be changed by interchanging temperature or pressure or both.

■ The slow escape of the particles of a liquid from surface to the vapour state is called evaporation.

■ The rate of evaporation depends upon the surface area exposed to the atmosphere, temperature,

humidity and wind speed.

■ Evaporation causes cooling.

(Note: In addition to the three states of matter there are two others states of matter i.e. Plasma, which

exists at very high temperature and Bose-Einstein condensate which exists at very low temperature.)

IMPORTANT TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Boiling Point: The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas at one atmospheric pressure is

called its boiling point.

Diffusion: Intermixing of particles of different substances on their own is called diffusion.

1.1 Physical Nature of Matter

1.2 Characteristics of Particles of Matter

1.3 States of Matter

1.4 Change of State of Matter

1

(NCERT Textbook Chapter 1)

MBD Super Refresher Science-IX2

Evaporation: The phenomenon of conversion of a liquid into a gas at any temperature below its

melting point is called evaporation.

Gas: It is the state of matter, which has definite mass but neither definite shape nor definite volume.

Liquid: It is the state of matter, which has definite mass and volume but not definite shape.

Latent Heat of Vaporisation: It is the amount of heat required to change 1 kg of a liquid to gas at

one atmospheric pressure at its boiling point.

Latent Heat of Fusion: It is the amount of heat required to convert 1 kg of a solid into liquid at one

atmospheric pressure at its melting point.

Melting (or Fusion): It is the change of state of matter from solid to liquid.

Melting Point: The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid at one atmospheric pressure

is called its melting point.

Matter: Anything that occupies space, has mass and can be judged by one or more of the five known

physical senses.

Solid: It is the state of matter, which has definite mass, volume and shape.

Sublimation: The phenomenon of conversion of a solid into a gas without changing into intermediate

liquid state is called sublimation.

Vaporisation: It is the change of state of matter from liquid to vapour.

1.1 Physical Nature of Matter

Matter is anything that occupies space, has mass and can be sensed by our physical senses. All matter is

made up of particles. These particles are extremely small and cannot be seen with naked eyes.

NCERT Activity 1 – Page 1

Aim: To show that particles of matter have space between them

Procedure:

(i) Take a 100 ml beaker.

(ii) Fill half of the beaker with water and mark its level.

(iii) Dissolve a small amount of salt in the water with the help of a glass rod.

(iv) Observe if there is any change in the level of water in the beaker.

Observation: It is observed that on dissolving salt in water, the level of water in the beaker does not rise.

This occurs because salt particles get into the spaces between particles (or molecules) of water and thus

no extra space is taken up by salt particles.

Conclusion: From this activity, it is concluded that particles of matter have space between them.

Activity 2 – Page 1

Aim: To show that particles of matter are extremely small

Procedure:

1. Take 2–3 crystals of potassium permanganate and dissolve them in 100 ml water.

2. After sometime, take out approximately 10 ml of this solution and transfer it to 90 ml water.

3. Take out 10 ml of this solution and transfer it to 90 ml water again.

4. Keep diluting this solution like this 5 to 8 times.

5. Observe if the solution is still coloured.

3Matter in Our Surroundings

Observation: It is observed that the solution is still coloured but on dilution the colour of the solution

becomes lighter and lighter. This occurs because one crystal of potassium permanganate, on dilution divides

into numerous smaller particles and thus can colour a large volume of water.

Conclusion: From this activity, it is concluded that particles of matter are extremely small which cannot be

seen with the naked eye.

Objective Type Questions 1 mark each

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Matter is

(a) made up of particles (b) continuous

(c) massless (d) non-existent

2. Particles of matter

(a) can be seen with the naked eye (b) are always arranged in lines

(c) are same for all matter (d) are very small and have spaces between them

Answers: 1. (a) made up of particles 2. (d) are very small and have spaces between them

Very Short Answer Type Questions 1 mark each

Define Matter.

Matter may be defined as anything which occupies space, has mass and can be judged by one or more of

the five senses.

1.2 Characteristics of Particles of Matter

Matter is made up of particles and these particles have the following characteristics:

Particles of matter have spaces between them: Particles of matter are not simply joined but they have

spaces between them.

Particles of matter are continuously moving: All particles of matter are in continuous motion. The particles

of two substances can intermix on their own and this phenomenon is called diffusion.

Particles of matter attract each other: Particles of matter attract each other and the forces of attraction

between the particles hold them together.


Aim: To show that particles of matter are continuously moving

Procedure:

1. Put an unlit incense stick in a corner of your class room.

2. Now light the incense stick.

. Observe if you get the smell of the incense stick sitting at a distance.

Observation: It is observed that when the incense stick is not lit, its smell is observable only near it,

however when lit up, the smell of incense stick can be observed even at some distance.

Conclusion: From the activity, it is concluded that particles of matter are continuously moving and with

rise in temperature the kinetic energy of the particles increases.


Aim: To show that particles of matter are continuously moving

3


Procedure:

1. Take two glasses/beakers filled with water.

2. Put a drop of blue or red ink slowly and carefully along the sides of the first beaker and honey in the

same way in the second beaker.

3. Leave them undisturbed for sometime and record your observations.

Observation: It is observed that (blue or red) ink gets evenly distributed in water quickly. In contrast,

honey takes longer to get distributed in water. This occurs because particles in honey are held by stronger

forces of attraction than those in ink.

Conclusion: From this activity, it is concluded that particles of matter are continuously moving and thus

intermixing of substances can occur. However the rate of intermixing depends upon the forces of interaction

between the particles of the substances.


Aim: To show that rate of intermixing of particles increases with rise in tempearture

Procedure:

1. Drop a crystal of copper sulphate or potassium permangange into a glass of hot water and another

containing cold water.

2. Do not stir the solutions.

3. Allow the crystals to settle at the bottom.

4. Observe just above the solid crystal in the glass/beaker.

5. Observe what happens as time passes.

Observation: It is observed that in case of cold water, a colour (blue in the case of copper sulphate or

purple in the case of potassium permanganate) appear just above the crystal. Slowly the colour deepens

and ultimately whole of the solution gets coloured.

In the case of hot water, the colour appears in the entire solution very fast. Due to higher temperature, the

kinetic energy of particles of both crystal and water is higher in the case of hot water as compared to cold

water. Thus dissolution of crystal and appearance of colour takes place faster in hot water than in cold

water.

Conclusion: From this activity, it can be concluded that with the rise in temperature, the kinetic energy of

particles increases and thus the rate of intermixing of particles also increases with increase in temperature.


Aim: To understand strength of force of attraction between particles of matter

Procedure:

1. Play a game in the field making four groups and form human chains.

2. The first group should hold each other from the back and lock arms like Bihu dancers.

Bihu Dancers

5Matter in Our Surroundings

3. The second group should hold hands to form a human chain.

4. The third group should form a chain by touching each other with only their finger tips.

5. The fourth group of students should run around and try to break the three human chains one by one

into as many small groups as possible.

6. Observe which group is easiest to break and why?

Observation: It is observed that the third group is easiest to break apart followed by the second group,

which in turn is followed by the first group.

Conclusion: Considering each student as a particle of matter, it can be concluded that particles of matter

which have strong forces of attraction are difficult to break apart while the particles of matter held by weak

forces, break apart easily.


Aim: To understand that the strength of force of attraction between particles varies from one type of

matter to another

Procedure:

1. Take an iron nail, a piece of chalk and a rubber band.

2. Try breaking them by hammering, cutting or stretching.

Observation: It is observed that it is easiest to break the rubber band followed by the piece of chalk,

which in turn is followed by the iron nail. It happens because the force of attraction between particles is

strongest in the iron nail and weakest in the rubber band.

Conclusion: From this activity, it is concluded that strength of the force of attraction between particles is

different in different types of matter.


Aim: To show that particles of matter attract each other

Procedure:

1. Open a water tap.

2. Try breaking the stream of water with your fingers.

Observation: It is observed that we cannot cut the stream of water with fingers. We are unable to do it

because particles of water remain together as they attract each other.

Conclusion: From this activity, it is concluded that particles of matter attract each other.

Objective Type Questions 1 mark each

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is matter?

(a) chair (b) love (c) thought (d) hate

2. Particles of matter are

(a) static (b) continuously moving

(c) same (d) always changing

Answers: 1. (a) chair 2. (b) continuously moving

Short Answer Type Questions 2–3 marks each

1. You can easily stretch a rubber band but not a metallic ring. Explain why?

In a rubber band, the force of attraction between the particles is less than that between the

particles in a metallic ring. Hence, a rubber band can be easily stretched but a metallic ring cannot

be stretched so easily.


2. Which property of matter could explain this fact:

“Smell of perfume can be sensed even from a distance”.

Matter is made up of particles and these particles are continuously moving. This characteristic of

matterial particles is responsible for the movement of particles from the perfume bottle to the

surroundings. Thus the fragnance of perfume can be sensed even from a distance.

1.3 States of Matter

Matter around us can exist in three states: solid, liquid and gas.

These three states arise because of variation in the characteristics of particles of different types of matter.

Solid State Liquid State Gaseous State


Aim: To study about the properties of solid state of matter

Procedure:

1. Collect the following articles: a pen, a book, a needle and piece of thread.

2. Sketch the shapes of the above articles in a notebook by moving a pencil around them.

3. Observe if the articles listed above have definite shape, distinct boundaries and fixed volume.

4. Also see, what happens when they are hammered, pulled or dropped.

5. Also see, if they are capable of diffusing into each other and if they can be compressed or not.

Observation: All the articles listed above are solids. It observed that they all are rigid and incompressible

with definite shape, distinct boundaries and fixed volumes.

Conclusion: From this activity, it is concluded that solids are rigid and incompressible. They have definite shapes,

distinct boundaries and fixed volume(s). They can maintain their shape when subjected to outside force(s).


Aim: To study about the properties of liquid state of matter

Procedure:

1. Collect the following:

(a) water, cooking oil, milk, juice and a cold drink.

(b) containers of different shapes.

2. Put a 50 ml mark on these containers using a measuring cylinder from the laboratory.

1. Solids have fixed shape and

and fixed volume.

2. The interparticle forces of

attraction are strongest in

solids.

3. Solids are rigid and non-

compressible.

4. Solids are generally heavy,

having high densities.

5. Solids do not flow.

6. Solids do not diffuse.

7. Solids do not spread. They stay

at fixed positions.

1. Liquids have fixed volume but

not fixed shape.

2. The interparticle forces of

attraction are weak in liquids.

3. They can be compressed, but

only to some extent.

4. Liquids have moderate to high

densities.

5. Liquids generally flow easily.

6. Liquids diffuse more than solids.

7. Liquids spread and can be

poured.

1. Gases neither have fixed shape

nor fixed volume.

2. In gases, the interparticle

forces of attraction are

weakest.

3. Gases are highly compressible.

4. Gases have very low densities.

They are very light.

5. Gases flow very easily.

6. Gases have a strong tendency

to diffuse.

7. Gases spread out quickly.

MBD Super Refresher Science Class-IXTerm-I CBSE /NCERT

Publisher : MBD GroupPublishers

ISBN : 9789385905896Author : Khosla, kapoor,Wadhawan

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