YEAR 9 (13+) SCHOLARSHIP

May 2015 for entry in September 2015

SCIENCE FACULTY 1 Biology, Chemistry, Physics

Your Name: ________________________________________________________ Your School: ________________________________________________________

Time allowed: 1 hour Total marks: 70

Equipment needed: Pen, pencil, ruler. You may use an eraser and a calculator if needed.

Information for candidates: 1. Write your name and school on this page. 2. Write all of your answers on the question papers in the space provided. If you need additional paper then please ask the invigilator.

3. The marks for each question or part question are shown in square brackets [ ] after the question.

4. Answer ALL NINE QUESTIONS in SECTION A [60 marks] and ONE QUESTION ONLY from SECTION B [10 marks].

SECTION A (Biology, Chemistry and Physics) ANSWER ALL NINE QUESTIONS FROM SECTION A 1. The diagrams show the skulls of three animals. The teeth and jaws are adapted for

different diets.

Complete the table. [6]

Animal

Diet

Description of the teeth or jaw adaptation

One purpose of this adaptation

Dog

Eats meat

Sheep

Eats plants

Human

Eats meat and plants

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2. Organisms can be divided into animals and plants. Complete the table with ticks and crosses to show whether the features are present in plants or animals or both. Every box should be filled. [7]

Feature Animal Plant

Cellulose cell wall

Chloroplast

Movement

Nervous tissue

Sap vacuole

Cell surface membrane

DNA

3. Most babies born in Britain ‘weigh’ about 3kg at birth. A few babies ‘weigh’ more

than 5kg at birth and some babies ‘weigh’ as little as 1kg. One reason for small babies is that they are born early or prematurely.

a) Suggest two more reasons why the birth ‘weights’ of babies can be so variable. [2]

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b) Parth and Suchika are twin brother and sister. At birth, Parth ‘weighed’ 2.8kg and his sister Suchika ‘weighed’ 2.5kg.

(i) Suggest one reason why the twins were nearly the same ‘weight.’ [1]

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(ii) Suggest one reason why the twins ‘weights’ were slightly different. [1]

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c) The diagram below shows a human embryo in the uterus of its mother.

Give one functions of: (i) The placenta:

Function [1]

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_________________________________________________________________ (ii) The umbilical cord:

Function [1]

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(iii) The amniotic fluid:

Function [1]

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4. Rusting occurs when iron is exposed to air and water. During rusting, iron reacts with oxygen from the air to form an oxide. Some students set up this apparatus to measure the volume of oxygen in a sample of air.

Each student used an excess of wet iron filings. At the start of the experiment the reading on the syringe was recorded and the apparatus was then left for a week until the reaction was completed.

At the end of the experiment the reading on the syringe was recorded again.

a) The syringes used in one student’s experiment are shown below.

Record the syringe readings at the start and at the end of the experiment in the table below, and calculate the volume of oxygen used up.

Syringe reading at start in cm3

Syringe reading at end in cm3

Volume of oxygen used up in cm3

[3]

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b) The results of the other students are shown in the table.

Total volume of air at start in cm3

Total volume of gas at the end in cm3

Volume of oxygen used up in cm3

200 160 40 180 144 36 165 140 25 150 120 30 185 148 37

(i) Use the results in the table to plot a graph of volume of oxygen used up against volume of air at start. Draw a straight line of best fit.

[3]

(ii) One of the results is anomalous. Identify this result by circling it on the graph. [1] c) (i) The formula for iron oxide is Fe2O3. Write out a balanced symbol equation for the reaction of iron with oxygen to form iron oxide.

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(ii) What type of reaction is occurring?

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5. Zinc carbonate decomposes when heated to form zinc oxide and carbon dioxide. ZnCO3(s) → ZnO(s) + CO2(g)

A student investigated this reaction using the following method. 1. Weigh a clean dry crucible. 2. Add some zinc carbonate powder and reweigh the crucible and contents. 3. Heat the crucible and contents for five minutes. 4. Allow the crucible and contents to cool and then reweigh. 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the mass of the crucible and contents is unchanged. The student did the experiment four times, starting with different masses of zinc carbonate, and recorded her results in a table.

a) Why does the mass of the crucible and contents decrease during heating?

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b) The reason for Step 5 in the method is to check whether the decomposition of zinc carbonate is complete. (i) In which experiment was it not necessary to heat for a third period of five minutes? Explain your choice.

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(ii) In which experiment should the student have heated for a fourth period of five minutes? Explain your choice.

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____________________________________________________________________ [2] c) Use the results from Experiment 3 in the table to calculate the following masses. (i) The mass, in grams, of zinc carbonate used.

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(ii) The mass, in grams, of zinc oxide obtained.

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____________________________________________________________________ [1] d) Zinc oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid. Write out a word equation for this reaction.

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e) What is the test for the gas that is given off in part (d)?

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6. Light travels approximately one million times faster than sound. State whether an aeroplane seems louder when it is: coming towards you, right above you, or going away from you. Explain your answer.

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_________________________________________________________________________[4] 7. Katy is standing on the floor. She then jumps vertically upwards in to the air. In terms

of the forces exerted by, and acting on Katy, explain how she is able to leave the ground. [You may wish to include a diagram to help your explanation]

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8. Three toy cars, X, Y and Z are rolled down different shape ramps as shown.

The cars all • start at the same height • start from rest • end at the same height

Any effects of friction and air resistance can be ignored. How, and why, will the speed of cars X, Y and Z at the bottom of their ramp compare? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

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Which car, and why, will reach the bottom of the ramp in the least time?

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9. A lump of steel will sink, but ships are now made out of steel. Can you explain how this is possible? [You may wish to include a diagram to help your explanation]

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[Total: 60 marks]

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SECTION B ANSWER ONE QUESTION ONLY FROM SECTION B Either: 1. (Biology) or 2. (Chemistry) or 3. (Physics) EITHER 1. BIOLOGY 1. BCG vaccinations give protection against tuberculosis. The following information

comes from the vaccine.

• It is a live, weakened vaccine. • It can be stored for 12 months at room temperature between 2 and 8˚C. • This vaccine is freeze dried; mix with sterile water and use immediately. • Use a separate syringe and needle for each patient. • The patient may feel unwell for a few days after the injection. • The vaccine should be given to 10-13 year olds. • The protection should last for 10 years or longer.

Use the information in these instructions and your biological knowledge to answer the following questions.

(a) Why was sterile water used to make up the vaccine? [1]

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(b) Write down two precautions which prevent the spread of other infections when the vaccine is used. [2]

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(c) Suggest why the patient may feel unwell after receiving the vaccination. [2]

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(d) Babies may have already received protection from the disease other than by vaccination. Can you think of a way that this may have happened? [1]

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The graph shows the number of people in the UK who have suffered from tuberculosis. It shows the number of those sufferers that have died from the disease.

Use the graph to answer these questions.

(e) Write down the year in which BCG vaccinations were first given. [1]

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(f) Complete the following table. [2]

Year Number of sufferers Number of deaths % of sufferers that died 1940 50 000 20 000 40 1950

(g) BCG vaccinations do not cure tuberculosis once a person starts to suffer from

the disease. Suggest an explanation for the difference in the percentage of sufferers that died in 1940 compared to 1950. [1]

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[Total: 10 marks]

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OR 2. CHEMISTRY 2. The table shows the melting points and boiling points of four substances present in the air.

substance melting point, in °C boiling point, in °C

carbon dioxide –78 –78

nitrogen –210 –196

oxygen –219 –183

water vapour 0 100 a) What happens to a piece of solid carbon dioxide if it is heated from –100°C to –75°C?

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b) ‘Liquid air’ can be formed from air in a heat exchanger. As the air passes through, thermal energy is transferred from the air to the surroundings. This is shown in the flow diagram below.

(i) Suggest a likely temperature for the ‘liquid air’ that leaves the heat exchanger.

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(ii) Use the information in the table to explain why carbon dioxide and water vapour need to be removed from the air before it is pumped through pipes

to the heat exchanger and state the consequences of not removing these two gases.

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c) The ‘liquid air’ is a mixture of liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen. Use the information in the table to suggest how liquid oxygen could be obtained from the mixture.

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d) A room measures 4 m x 3 m x 2.5 m. (i) The density of air is 1.2 kg/m3. What is the mass of air in the room? Give the unit.

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____________________________________________________________________[2] (ii) If the air in the room is cooled to a low enough temperature, it will change change from a gas to a liquid. The density of ‘liquid air’ is 1125 kg/m3. What volume of ‘liquid air’ would the air in the room produce? Give the unit.

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____________________________________________________________________ [1] (iii) How does the distance between the particles in atmospheric air compare to the size of the particles themselves?

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(iv) Which substance is a liquid at -212oC? Use the table above to help.

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[Total: 10 marks]

OR 3. PHYSICS

3. Janet and Chris are investigating the heating of two different thermometers. One is as new (unpainted). The end of the other thermometer has been painted black. They are heated together using a filament lamp for 6 minutes, as seen in the photograph below.

Viewed from above:

a) (i) Can you explain why Janet says “We must be careful when positioning the thermometers”?

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(ii) What other required piece of equipment is not shown in the photograph?

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b) (i) Using the plotted data below, draw the 2 lines of best fit. [1]

(ii) Describe and explain the similarities between the heating of the 2 thermometers.

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(iii) Describe and explain the differences between the heating of the 2 thermometers.

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Chris says “I wonder how the 2 thermometers would cool”. Immediately after 6 minutes Chris quickly removes the hot lamp.

c) On the graph in part b, continue your 2 lines of best fit to show how you think the 2 thermometers will cool.

[Total: 10 marks]

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