Science Education at SeaScience Education at SeaSEASSEAS

Elementary Teacher WorkshopElementary Teacher WorkshopThe Florida AquariumThe Florida Aquarium

November 3, 2007November 3, 2007

Luisella De Angelis, Teacher Programs CoordinatorLuisella De Angelis, Teacher Programs Coordinator

IntroductionsIntroductions

• Fish SchoolFish School

• Find your school.Find your school.

• Introduce yourself.Introduce yourself.

• Why are you attending this workshop?Why are you attending this workshop?

• What do you hope to get out of it?What do you hope to get out of it?

• Build a consensus and share with the class. Build a consensus and share with the class.

The Florida Water StoryThe Florida Water Story

Key Concepts: Key Concepts:

We are inextricably connected to aquatic We are inextricably connected to aquatic

systems. systems.

Learning to protect our aquatic systemsLearning to protect our aquatic systems

protects all life in the long run.protects all life in the long run.

By Melliefluous on Flickr

Sketch the Hydrologic CycleSketch the Hydrologic Cycle

• 60 seconds60 seconds

• Pair and SharePair and Share

• Share group results and why’sShare group results and why’s

• Is the cycle a simple, circular path?Is the cycle a simple, circular path?

Water on the EarthWater on the Earth

Water is Water is continuously continuously circulated- the circulated- the water or hydrologic water or hydrologic cyclecycle

www.forks.wednet.edu

The REAL Water CycleThe REAL Water Cycle

• Water moves from through different Water moves from through different places and phases (liquid, solid, gas).places and phases (liquid, solid, gas).

• The sun drives the cycle. The sun drives the cycle. • Heat energy increases, motion of water Heat energy increases, motion of water

molecules increases- from solid (ice), to molecules increases- from solid (ice), to liquid, to gas (water vapor).liquid, to gas (water vapor).

• Heat energy decreases, the opposite Heat energy decreases, the opposite occurs. occurs.

• These changes allow water to move These changes allow water to move through air, land and bodies of water.through air, land and bodies of water.

• http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycleplacemat.htmlhttp://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycleplacemat.html (placemat) (placemat)• http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/tlw3/eBridge/Chp29/animations/ch29/1_water_cyhttp://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/tlw3/eBridge/Chp29/animations/ch29/1_water_cy

cle.swfcle.swf• http://http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclehi.htmlga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclehi.html• http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle/index.htmlhttp://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle/index.html• http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle2ndgrade.htmlhttp://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle2ndgrade.html (2nd graders’ view of water cycle) (2nd graders’ view of water cycle)

Water on Earth FactsWater on Earth Facts

• 71% water71% water

• 3% frozen freshwater- ice caps, 3% frozen freshwater- ice caps, glaciersglaciers

• <1% readily available- not polluted <1% readily available- not polluted or frozenor frozen

Play Globe Toss!Play Globe Toss!

Water DanceWater Dance

Recycled Water Recycled Water Learning StationsLearning Stations

Water Cycle Power!Water Cycle Power!

• Evaporation from oceans controls the Evaporation from oceans controls the weather and climate patterns of the entire weather and climate patterns of the entire planet! How?planet! How?

• Precipitation ranges from 0.1 inches in the Precipitation ranges from 0.1 inches in the desert to over 900 inches per year in the desert to over 900 inches per year in the tropics.tropics.

• Florida averages 53 inches per year.Florida averages 53 inches per year.

• In the U.S., humans use about 400 billion In the U.S., humans use about 400 billion gallons of water per day gallons of water per day (USGS).(USGS).

Florida’s GrowthFlorida’s Growth

• Florida receives Florida receives about 700 new about 700 new residents per residents per week! week!

• How does this How does this impact the water impact the water cycle?cycle?

Water Cycle SummaryWater Cycle Summary

• Emphasize that water Emphasize that water travels through many travels through many paths, animals, places paths, animals, places and states of matter.and states of matter.

• All living things All living things depend on water for depend on water for survival, but only a survival, but only a small amount is small amount is available to use.available to use.

• Humans can positively Humans can positively and negatively impact and negatively impact the water cycle. the water cycle.

• Responsible use of our Responsible use of our water resources is good water resources is good for every living thing. for every living thing.

• Water is fun and it’s Water is fun and it’s everywhere!everywhere!

What did one raindrop say to the other What did one raindrop say to the other raindrop?raindrop?

My plop is bigger than your plop!My plop is bigger than your plop!

What happens when it rains cats and dogs?What happens when it rains cats and dogs?You have to be careful not to step in a You have to be careful not to step in a

poodle.poodle.

What do you call it when it rains chickens What do you call it when it rains chickens and ducks?and ducks?

Fowl (foul) weather.Fowl (foul) weather.

What are What are Wetlands?Wetlands?

Transition areas between Transition areas between aquatic and terrestrial aquatic and terrestrial systems:systems:

1)1) Saturated by water or covered by Saturated by water or covered by water at some time each year water at some time each year (e.g., flooding)(e.g., flooding)

2) Hydric Soil2) Hydric Soil

3) Specialized plants adapted to 3) Specialized plants adapted to wetland conditionswetland conditions

There are a variety of definitions! For simplicity…

MarsMarshh

SwamSwampp

BogBog

Mangrove Mangrove SwampsSwamps

GroundwaterGroundwater

• Water stored in Florida’s 3 aquifersWater stored in Florida’s 3 aquifers

• Surficial, Intermediate, Floridan Surficial, Intermediate, Floridan

St. Johns River Water Management District

The Groundwater The Groundwater ConnectionConnection• Floridan Aquifer is Floridan Aquifer is

a confined aquifera confined aquifer

• Groundwater Groundwater (below) and (below) and Surface Water Surface Water (above) connected(above) connected

• Springs, Recharge Springs, Recharge AreasAreas

• SinkholesSinkholes

• Features Features collectively known collectively known as Karstas Karst

• Karstic Karstic Landscapes- on the Landscapes- on the surfacesurface

Florida has more springs and available groundwater than any other state in the country!

Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park Old Shoe Woman on Flickr

Recharging the AquiferRecharging the Aquifer

• Rainfall replenishes groundwaterRainfall replenishes groundwater

• What materials below are most likely What materials below are most likely to allow for recharge? Least likely? to allow for recharge? Least likely? Why?Why?

Soil Sand Clay Concrete Gravel Soil Sand Clay Concrete Gravel

Limestone Mulch Tar CarbonLimestone Mulch Tar Carbon

Watersheds and Surface Watersheds and Surface WaterWater• Rainfall and Rainfall and

groundwater enter groundwater enter surface waterssurface waters

• Wildlife habitatWildlife habitat• Storage and Storage and

protection of fresh protection of fresh waterwater

• WetlandsWetlands• Retain waterRetain water• Improve water Improve water

qualityquality• Avoid floodingAvoid flooding

• Raise your hand if Raise your hand if you live in a you live in a watershed.watershed.

Make Your Own WatershedMake Your Own Watershed

• Customize to your watershedCustomize to your watershed

• Map of immediate areaMap of immediate area

• What are other branching patterns in What are other branching patterns in nature? nature?

BackgroundBackground

• RunoffRunoff• Watershed or Drainage BasinWatershed or Drainage Basin• Areas of higher elevation separate Areas of higher elevation separate

watersheds- ridge lines or divideswatersheds- ridge lines or divides• Near divides- channels are narrow, quick flowNear divides- channels are narrow, quick flow• Smaller streams merge- channels widenSmaller streams merge- channels widen• Eventually empty into a body of water Eventually empty into a body of water

(ocean, lake)(ocean, lake)• www.maps.google.comwww.maps.google.com

Water Quality in a Funnel!Water Quality in a Funnel!

What you might encounter What you might encounter in a in a wetlands habitat…wetlands habitat…

Pitcher plant

Cattails

Pickerelweed

Plants:Plants:

Cypress Trees

MammalsMammals

North American River Otter

West Indian Manatee

Raccoon

ReptilesReptiles

Box Turtle

Red bellied TurtlesFlorida Banded Water snake

Diamondback Terrapin

Black Mangrove Snake

American AlligatorAmerican Alligator

BirdsBirds

Reddish Egret

Tricolored Heron

Night Heron

Spoonbill

Ibis

InvertebratesInvertebrates

Blue Crab

Clam Lobster

Horseshoe Crab

FishFish

Pipefish

Snook

Mangrove Snapper

Southern Stingray

West Indian ManateeWest Indian Manatee

• Florida- Florida- northernmost rangenorthernmost range

• Federally and state Federally and state listed as listed as endangeredendangered

• Identified by scars Identified by scars and markings left and markings left by boat propellers by boat propellers and fishing gearand fishing gear

www.ahhaartgallery.com

Why are Manatees Why are Manatees Endangered?Endangered?• Habitat lossHabitat loss• WatercraftsWatercrafts• Discarded fishing gear/crab trapsDiscarded fishing gear/crab traps• Natural factorsNatural factors

• These factors combined have These factors combined have resulted in the reduction of the resulted in the reduction of the manatee population in Florida.manatee population in Florida.

Manatee ModelManatee Model

• Materials: Materials: Butcher Paper, Scissors, Pencils, Crayons or Markers, Butcher Paper, Scissors, Pencils, Crayons or Markers, Newsprint or scrap paper, StaplerNewsprint or scrap paper, Stapler

• Procedure: Procedure: • Students sketch a manatee on butcher paper which has been folded over Students sketch a manatee on butcher paper which has been folded over

to create two sides. This can be a baby manatee or one that is not to to create two sides. This can be a baby manatee or one that is not to scale.scale.

• Student colors manatee on both sides. Student colors manatee on both sides. • Student cuts out the manatee and will end up with two identical copies. Student cuts out the manatee and will end up with two identical copies. • Teacher or adult staples paper sides part of the way so student can begin Teacher or adult staples paper sides part of the way so student can begin

stuffing manatee with newsprint. Sides may also be glued for ease. stuffing manatee with newsprint. Sides may also be glued for ease.

• Manatee models may be hung from ceiling to create illusion of being Manatee models may be hung from ceiling to create illusion of being underwater in an estuary. Other animals can be created in place of underwater in an estuary. Other animals can be created in place of manatee.manatee.

EstuariesEstuaries

• Coastal areasCoastal areas• Fresh and salt water meet and mixFresh and salt water meet and mix• BrackishBrackish• Lower salinity than oceanLower salinity than ocean

SalinitySalinity

• Varies with rainfall, Varies with rainfall, tides, freshwater tides, freshwater inflow, seasonsinflow, seasons

• With strong river With strong river current inflow, a layer current inflow, a layer of freshwater can form of freshwater can form on top of saltwater. on top of saltwater. How is this possible? How is this possible?

• Creates unique Creates unique environment- both environment- both fresh and saltwater fresh and saltwater fishfish

• Well-mixed estuaries- Well-mixed estuaries- salinity increases salinity increases away from river’s away from river’s mouthmouth

• Remarkable Remarkable biodiversity- biodiversity- organisms adapted to organisms adapted to changing salinitychanging salinity

Floating HighFloating High

mikezarrilli14

coolgates

Nurseries of the SeaNurseries of the Sea

• Breeding and Nursing AreasBreeding and Nursing Areas

• About 75% of commercially and About 75% of commercially and recreationally harvested marine speciesrecreationally harvested marine species

• Economic impact of estuary degradationEconomic impact of estuary degradation

Why are estuaries so Why are estuaries so productive?productive?

• River water carries nutrientsRiver water carries nutrients

• Wetlands filter out pollutants and Wetlands filter out pollutants and stabilize soilsstabilize soils

• Shallow estuaries allow for Shallow estuaries allow for phytoplankton, sea grass and algae phytoplankton, sea grass and algae growthgrowth

• Mangroves create a sheltered, nutrient Mangroves create a sheltered, nutrient rich environment for young organismsrich environment for young organisms

Tampa Bay Tampa Bay Estuary Estuary ProgramProgram• Variety of free Variety of free

teacher resourcesteacher resources

• VideosVideos

• PostersPosters

• ActivitiesActivities

• School ProgramsSchool Programs

• www.tbep.org www.tbep.org

Florida’s EstuariesFlorida’s Estuaries

• Vary in size and shapeVary in size and shape

• Mangrove CommunitiesMangrove Communities

• Gulf of Mexico- most end in baysGulf of Mexico- most end in bays

• Atlantic Coast- most long and narrow Atlantic Coast- most long and narrow bordered by barrier islandsbordered by barrier islands

• All Florida residents live near an All Florida residents live near an estuary!estuary!

Map of Florida EstuariesMap of Florida Estuaries

www.dep.state.fl.us

Coastal ZonesCoastal Zones

• Oyster Reefs Oyster Reefs

• Coastal Springs Coastal Springs

• Salt Marshes Salt Marshes

• Mud Flats Mud Flats

• Hard Bottom AreasHard Bottom Areas

• Barrier Islands Barrier Islands

• Sandy beaches Sandy beaches

• Sea grass beds Sea grass beds

• Mangrove Swamps Mangrove Swamps

• Coral Reefs Coral Reefs

Barrier IslandsBarrier Islands

• Parallel to coastParallel to coast• From sandbars to From sandbars to

miles longmiles long• Form in different Form in different

waysways• Protect mainland Protect mainland

from high winds from high winds and wavesand waves

• Absorb energy, trap Absorb energy, trap sand, deflect watersand, deflect water

• Valuable habitatValuable habitat• Recreation for Recreation for

humanshumans• Most sandy beachesMost sandy beaches• Animals adapted to Animals adapted to

digging and digging and burrowingburrowing

Barrier Island ActivityBarrier Island Activity

• Highlights the importance of barrier islands Highlights the importance of barrier islands to inland areasto inland areas

• Line up kids on one side of the room to Line up kids on one side of the room to represent waves or strong windrepresent waves or strong wind

• Time them to see how long it takes them to Time them to see how long it takes them to get across the room as a group (no get across the room as a group (no obstacles).obstacles).

• Next, add obstacles (cardboard boxes, Next, add obstacles (cardboard boxes, chairs, stack of books, etc) along path. chairs, stack of books, etc) along path.

• Time them again.Time them again.• What happened?What happened?

Food ChainsFood Chains

• Mangrove swamps, salt marshes and Mangrove swamps, salt marshes and sea grass beds are some of the most sea grass beds are some of the most productive habitats.productive habitats.

• ProducersProducers

• DecomposersDecomposers

• ConsumersConsumers

www.seafriend.org.nz

Bioaccumulation GameBioaccumulation Game

Algae buffet, Algae buffet,

The Open OceanThe Open Ocean

• Over 1,000 species of marine fish Over 1,000 species of marine fish species in Florida’s offshore watersspecies in Florida’s offshore waters

• Mammals include whales and dolphinsMammals include whales and dolphins

• Five species of sea turtlesFive species of sea turtles

• InvertebratesInvertebrates

• Divided into 3 major zones- photic Divided into 3 major zones- photic zoneszones

Photic ZonesPhotic Zones

http://www.risd41.org/ri/horacemann/reimers/images/OceanLevels.jpeg

http://www.onr.navy.mil/Focus/ocean/regions/bluewater2.htm

Underwater Hide and SeekUnderwater Hide and Seek

IMPORTANT:IMPORTANT:

Use a timer. Do not exceed suggested Use a timer. Do not exceed suggested time limit of 5 minutes.time limit of 5 minutes.

I wish, I wish I was a fish.I wish, I wish I was a fish.

• Cool adaptationsCool adaptations• Huge mouthsHuge mouths• Large teethLarge teeth• BioluminescenceBioluminescence• CamouflageCamouflage• Warning colorationWarning coloration• Disruptive colorationDisruptive coloration• Counter shadingCounter shading• All fish share common All fish share common

features…features…

• 5 Types of Fins5 Types of Fins• Dorsal Dorsal • CaudalCaudal• PectoralPectoral• PelvicPelvic• AnalAnal

• GillsGills• OperculumOperculum

http://www.imagequest3d.com/pages/current/pictureoftheweek/deepseaangler/anglerfish.htm

FiShapesFiShapes

• Eyes on top, Flat on Eyes on top, Flat on bottom- bottom bottom- bottom dwellers or feedersdwellers or feeders

• Eyes on sides, Eyes on sides, Streamlined fish- Streamlined fish- found swimming found swimming through water, through water, fastest swimmersfastest swimmers

• Eel shaped- found in Eel shaped- found in crevices, under crevices, under rocksrocks

• Tiny mouths eat Tiny mouths eat tiny things- tiny things- plankton, plantsplankton, plants

• Beaklike- biting Beaklike- biting hard objectshard objects

• Suction tubes- Suction tubes- slurpslurp

Fish SensesFish Senses

• Lateral lineLateral line

The Human ConnectionThe Human Connection

• Humans have enjoyed the benefits of living Humans have enjoyed the benefits of living near the coast for thousands of years.near the coast for thousands of years.

• Evidenced by middensEvidenced by middens

• Today, majority of Florida residents live Today, majority of Florida residents live near the coast.near the coast.

• Few barrier islands remain undevelopedFew barrier islands remain undeveloped

• Debris discarded inland makes its way to Debris discarded inland makes its way to coastal regions. How does this happen?coastal regions. How does this happen?

FisheriesFisheries

• Commercially harvested Commercially harvested marine animals marine animals

• Employ over 15 million Employ over 15 million people worldwidepeople worldwide

• Accounts for 4% of protein Accounts for 4% of protein intakeintake

• Commercial fishers use Commercial fishers use variety of technologies to variety of technologies to catch fish.catch fish.

• Can lead to overfishingCan lead to overfishing• Remove top predators, Remove top predators,

decreases biodiversitydecreases biodiversity

• Signs of overfishing includeSigns of overfishing include• Decrease in number Decrease in number • Decrease in sizeDecrease in size• Decrease of ageDecrease of age

• Habitat destruction by Habitat destruction by trawlingtrawling

• BycatchBycatch• Inadvertent fishing of Inadvertent fishing of

unwanted speciesunwanted species• For 1 lb of shrimp, 5 lbs of For 1 lb of shrimp, 5 lbs of

bycatchbycatch

Ocean Products in our Ocean Products in our HomesHomes• Alginates come from brown algae like giant kelp,Macrocystis porifera. Alginates help oil and water mixtogether to form smooth liquids. They are used in a widevariety of foods including desserts, milkshakes, dairyproducts, canned foods, frozen foods, salad dressings,cake mixes and meringues. Alginates are also used in themanufacture of drugs, cosmetics, building materials,livestock and poultry feed, fertilizers and beer.• Carrageenan is an ingredient found in many kinds ofred algae. It's used to gel foods like ice cream, cosmetics,medicine and other products.• Beta carotene is a natural pigment derived from greenalgae and other sources. It is used as a yellow-orangefood coloring and may prevent certain types of cancers.

Ocean’s VastnessOcean’s Vastness

• DeceptiveDeceptive• No sure answers on restoring No sure answers on restoring

polluted waters and habitatspolluted waters and habitats• Best protection is preventionBest protection is prevention

• Learning the connection to Learning the connection to neighborhoods, streams, rivers, neighborhoods, streams, rivers, springs, estuariessprings, estuaries

Exploring the AquariumExploring the Aquarium

• Something’s FishySomething’s Fishy

• Scavenger HuntScavenger Hunt

• Create a National Park?Create a National Park?

Resources for TeachersResources for Teachers

• http://www.highlandsswcd.org/everything/office%20info/kid%20page.htm http://www.highlandsswcd.org/everything/office%20info/kid%20page.htm (Florida resources for kids and teachers, long list of free materials)(Florida resources for kids and teachers, long list of free materials)

• http://http://sjr.state.fl.us/programs/outreach/pubs/order/pub_ordersjr.state.fl.us/programs/outreach/pubs/order/pub_order.. (Free (Free publications and videos/dvds)publications and videos/dvds)

• http://eelink.net/pages/Lesson+Plans+-+Grades+PreK-5 (Links to other http://eelink.net/pages/Lesson+Plans+-+Grades+PreK-5 (Links to other sites with teacher resources PreK -5)sites with teacher resources PreK -5)

• https://my.sfwmd.gov/portal/page?https://my.sfwmd.gov/portal/page?_pageid=2434,10518854,2434_10518916&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTA_pageid=2434,10518854,2434_10518916&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL (Just for Kids Page of SWFMD, links to FDEP and other sites)L (Just for Kids Page of SWFMD, links to FDEP and other sites)

• http://www.pbs.org/teachers/http://www.pbs.org/teachers/

• http://www.mbayaq.org/lc/activities/default.asp (Monterey http://www.mbayaq.org/lc/activities/default.asp (Monterey Bay Aquarium, Fun activities, Career Page, Bay Aquarium, Fun activities, Career Page, Oceanographers’ Club, Explorer Journals)Oceanographers’ Club, Explorer Journals)

• http://www.flaquarium.org/html/l2/l2_community_just4kids.html http://www.flaquarium.org/html/l2/l2_community_just4kids.html

More ResourcesMore Resources

• http://www.nps.gov/ever/forteachers/http://www.nps.gov/ever/forteachers/k-3guide.htm National Parks Servicesk-3guide.htm National Parks Services

• http://www.evergladesplan.org/http://www.evergladesplan.org/education/learning.aspx The Journey education/learning.aspx The Journey to Restore America’s Evergladesto Restore America’s Everglades

• http://www.nps.gov/ever/forteachers/http://www.nps.gov/ever/forteachers/dlil.htm Don’t Let It Loose, National dlil.htm Don’t Let It Loose, National Parks ServiceParks Service