science behind technology1 use of nano reactors in edible oil processing in edible oil processing...
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Science behind Technology 1 www.desmetballestra.com
Use of Nano Reactors Use of Nano Reactors
in Edible Oil Processingin Edible Oil Processing
Wim De Greyt1, Marc Kellens1,Tim Kemper2 and Jim Willits2
1Desmet Ballestra Group, Zaventem, Belgium; 2Desmet Ballestra North America, Marrietta, GA
102nd AOCS Annual Meeting
May 1-4, 2011
Cincinnati, OH
Science behind Technology 2 www.desmetballestra.com
EFFICIENCY
QUALITY SUSTAINABILITY
REFINING REFINING CONDITIONSCONDITIONS
Refiner’s Challenge
REFINING REFINING TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
Science behind Technology 3 www.desmetballestra.com
Crude Oil
Water degumming
Alkali Neutralisation
Deodorization
Refined Oil
Soapstock
Spent bleaching earth
Deodorizer Distillate
Mechanical Pressing
OILSEEDS
Oil Extraction
Solvent extraction
WDG Oil
Acid degumming
Bleaching
Physical deacidificationDeodorization
Bleaching
Acid Gums
Deoiled Meal
Gums LECITHIN
Oil Refining Processes
Chemical Physical
Science behind Technology 4 www.desmetballestra.com
Crude Oil
Water degumming
Alkali Neutralisation
Deodorization
Refined Oil
Soapstock
Spent bleaching earth
Deodorizer Distillate
Mechanical Pressing
OILSEEDS
Oil Extraction
Solvent extraction
WDG Oil
Acid degumming
Bleaching
Physical deacidificationDeodorization
Bleaching
Acid Gums
Deoiled Meal
Gums LECITHIN
Oil Refining Processes
Chemical Physical
Science behind Technology 5 www.desmetballestra.com
Crude Oil
Water degumming
Alkali Neutralisation
Deodorization
Refined Oil
Soapstock
Spent bleaching earth
Deodorizer Distillate
Mechanical Pressing
OILSEEDS
Oil Extraction
Solvent extraction
WDG Oil
Acid degumming
Bleaching
Physical deacidificationDeodorization
Bleaching
Acid Gums
Deoiled Meal
Gums LECITHINDevelopments in Developments in
Wet oil pretreatmentWet oil pretreatment
Oil Refining Processes
Science behind Technology 6 www.desmetballestra.com
Developments in degumming
Enzymatic Degumming
POTENTIEL YIELD GAIN PLC
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
ppm P in crude oil
% o
il y
ield
ga
in (
ma
x)
DIGLYCERIDE INCREASE
NEUTRAL OIL INCREASE
TOTAL OIL INCREASE
soya
rape
* PL-C on high PL-containing crude oils (RSO, SBO)
* PL-A on crude/WDG oils
Fatty acid
P
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
P
Fatty acidPLC
A E I C
Main driver
Higher Oil Yield
Science behind Technology 7 www.desmetballestra.com
Alkali Neutralisation - Degumming
Trend towards more intensive mixing
Static Dynamic High Shear Ultra High Shear (single stage) (multi-stage)
SilversonIKA
How to improve efficiency further ?
More intensive mixing requiring higher energy input
MORE EFFICIENT GUMS/FFA REMOVAL Using less chemicals
Science behind Technology 8 www.desmetballestra.com
Nano Reactors
Nano Reactors
Generation, growth and collapse of bubbles
Release of large magnitudes of energy over small location(high energy density)
Locally very high temp/pressure with overall ambient conditions
‘Mechanical’ Effects
*High turbulence
*High shear forces
*Fine emulsions
‘Chemical’ Effects*Fragmenting of molecules
*Formation of radicals
Science behind Technology 9 www.desmetballestra.com
POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF NANO REACTORS
1. Process intensification (faster-higher yield-more selective)
2. Cell disruption (biotechnology)
3. Microbial disinfection/destruction contaminants
4. Many other specific applications
Nano reactors
Can Nano Reactors be applied in Oil Processing ?
Ref : Gogate – Chemical Engineering and Processing 47 (2008),515-527
Science behind Technology 10 www.desmetballestra.com
Acoustic Process
ACOUSTIC PROCESS (SONOCHEMISTRY)
*No industrial application due to inherent drawbacks
* Effect depends on distance from source (not uniform)
* Batch process, not suitable for large scale processing
* High energy requirement
* Generated by Ultrasound waves
*Tested successfully for degumming
Moulton and Mounts (1999)
> 90 % PL removal
Science behind Technology 11 www.desmetballestra.com
Hydrodynamic Nano Reactors
HYDRODYNAMIC NANO REACTORS
* Less studied than ultrasound process
* Generated by passage of a liquid through a constriction
* Much more energy efficient than acoustic process
* Suitable for larger scale, continuous processes
Typical velocity and pressure profile in a hydrodynamic Nano reactor
Science behind Technology 12 www.desmetballestra.com
Nano-Reactors
NANO-REACTORS * Unique internal geometry
* Generation of very small ‘nano’ bubbles in liquid streams
* Liquids (homogeneous/heterogeneous) are fed to nano-reactor with HP pump
* Mechanical and chemical effects
- Formation of very fine emulsions - Increased surface area - Strong shear forces
- Activation of atoms, molecules - Formation of radicals - Initiation of chemical reactions
* Reactor, more than just a good mixer
Proprietary design of CTI
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Nano-reactor
NaOH
Nano-NeutralisationTM
Standard
Neutralisation
Nano-
Neutralisation
Science behind Technology 14 www.desmetballestra.com
- Patent pending technology
- Add-on process to existing oil refinery neutralisation system
- Process benefits (industrial proven)
• No addition of H3PO4 (NHP converted in HP in nano-reactor)
• No acid retention tank
• Less NaOH required (no need for H3PO4 neutralisation)
• Less soaps in nano-neutralized oil reducing need for silica
or wash water
• Improved oil yield due to improved separation of soapstock
(Less neutral oil/no salts in soapstock)
Nano-NeutralisationTM
Science behind Technology
Nano-NeutralisationTM
www.desmetballestra.com15
Industrial plant : 500 TPD
Science behind Technology 16 www.desmetballestra.com
Nano-NeutralisationTM
Feedstock Water-degummed soybean oil(120-150 ppm P; 0.45-0.55% FFA)
Nano-neutralization Classical caustic refining
Process parameters -Phosphoric acid (ppm)-NaOH (% 16.6 °Be)
-Pressure (bar)-Temperature (°C)
0-1000.7
6075
850-9001.2
Refined Oil Quality -P-content (ppm)-Ca & Mg (ppm)-FFA (%) -Soaps (ppm)
1-3< 1
< 0.03< 100
6-8
< 0.05200-300
500 TPD Nano-neutralisation of soybean oil
Industrial data
Science behind Technology
Nano-NeutralisationTM
www.desmetballestra.com17
Industrial plant : 500 TPD
Proven Process Advantages
- 90% less phosphoric acid
- 40-50% less caustic soda
- min. 0.2% extra refined oil yield
- less silica consumption
Science behind Technology 18 www.desmetballestra.com
Other possible applications
1. Nano-degumming of crude/WDG oils
• Deep degumming to allow physical refining
2. Nano-degumming of palm oil
• Replacing the ‘dry’ phosphoric acid degumming
• Also suitable in biodiesel feedstock pretreatment
3. Enzyme assisted nano-degumming
Still in testing phase, not proven yet
Science behind Technology 19 www.desmetballestra.com
Summary - Conclusions
* Efficiency, Quality and Sustainability are key criteria for new/improved processes in edible oil refining
* Enzymatic degumming meets all these criteria and is therefore being applied more
* Hydrodynamic Nano Reactors is interesting technology for edible oil refining
* Nano-neutralisation is being implemented on industrial scale
* Nano-degumming (in combination with enzymes) is tested on lab/pilot scale
Science behind Technology 20 www.desmetballestra.com
Thank You For Your Attention
102nd AOCS Annual Meeting
May 1-4, 2011
Cincinnati, OH
Wim De Greyt1, Marc Kellens1,Tim Kemper2 and Jim Willits2
1Desmet Ballestra Group, Zaventem, Belgium; 2Desmet Ballestra North America, Marrietta, GA