science and technology on inorganic electroluminescence
TRANSCRIPT
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Science and Technology on Inorganic Electroluminescence
- past, present, future -
Hiroshi KobayashiProfessor Emeritus,Tottori University
The 2009 Seminar (45 min.)Date: May 8Place: Hong Kong
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Outlines
1. Introduction2. Basic Understanding of Thin Film EL
--- Voltage Dependence--- Electron Injection --- Excitation mechanism of luminescent centers
3. Color EL Materials4. Trial for Electroluminescent Display Panel5. Concluding Remarks
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1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
1974
SHARP 二重絶縁構造
19741974
SHARP .
1968BellLab.
RE-dopedZnS thin flmRGB
1999 2004
1st Gen.PowderEL
2nd Gen.,ThinFilm EL(ZnS,IIa-Vb)
3rd. Gen.
4th Gen.
1989 SID Int.Symposium
1987
2005
History of Inorganic ELedited by Dr. Miura (Meiji Univ.)
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FPD TAIWAN 2004 Business & Technology Forum on June 9 ~ 12
History of OLED products
passive 1999
active 2003
2000 2001
monochrome(for cellular phone)
Tohoku pioneer
Area color(for in-car products)
Tohoku pioneerTDK
Full color(for cellular phone)
SNMD
Full color(for DSC)
SK Display
ed. by K.Yoneda
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IntroductionHistory of EL at Tottori University
1. The preparation of TFEL ; host material, EL centers insulating film, electrode. (1969~ )
2. The Understanding of fundamental physics of TFEL, doped with rare-earth luminescence centers. (1970 ~ 1974)
3. The trial of application of thin film electroluminescence to flat panel displays. (1975 ~ )
4. Multicolor thin film electroluminescence. (1975 ~)
5. Multicolor flat panel electroluminescence. (1980 ~ )
6. Thick dielectric film electroluminescence. (1999 ~ )
7. The organic TFEL (1995 ~ )
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Sharp (~1974)
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Outline1. Introduction2. Basic Understanding of Thin Film EL
1968---1975 Thesis Work Kobayashi1 Voltage Dependence2 Electron Injection 3 Excitation mechanism of luminescent centers
3. Color EL Materials4. Trial for Electroluminescent Display Panel5. New Development of Color EL 6. Concluding Remarks
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These results are summarizedin Kobayashi’Thesis Work
(1974,July in Japanese)
Basic Research on Electroluminescence in Rare Earth Doped ZnS Thin Film
Kobayashi Hiroshi
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Voltage Dependence
Previous data
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Voltage Dependence of Luminance
Our result:L(E,ΔQ)
Previous result:L(ΔQ)
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Electron Injection Mechanism 1
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Electron Injection Mechanism 2
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Excitation of Luminescent Centers
(a) (b) (c)
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Excitation Mechanism of EL 1
Donor-AcceptorPairs Cu-Cl
Nd ion
Donor-Acceptor+
Nd ions
Luminescent Centers in ZnS
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Direct Impact Excitation of Er3+ 2
Electron Energy Distribution
E low
E high
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Outline
1. Introduction2. Basic Understanding of Thin Film EL3. Color EL Materials4. Trial for Electroluminescent Display
Panel5. New Development of EL6. Concluding Remarks
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The Spectra of Mn2+
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Emission Spectra Re3+,R,G,B
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The Spectra of Ce3+
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RGB EL Materials
Eu2+ and Ce3+ in CaS,SrS Host Materials
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Outlines
1. Introduction2. Basic Understanding of Thin Film EL3. Color EL Materials4. Trial for Electroluminescent Display
Panel5. New Development of EL6. Concluding Remarks
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Powder EL Panel ,R,G,B
Strong Cross Talks
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Thin Film EL Panel R,G,B
No Cross Talks
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The Full Color EL Panel (1989)
white
Filtered RGB
Blue OrangeWhite
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Trials for increasing pixels
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Thin Film EL Panel ZnS:Mn
LCD LED
Our New TFELTV picture (4-level gray scale)
Scanning lines (~50),taken out from TV 525 lines
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Planar (1)
ZnS:Mn monochrome yellow
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Planar (2)
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iFire Technology (1)
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iFire Technology (2)42 inch
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Outline
1. Introduction2. Basic Understanding of Thin Film EL3. Color EL Materials4. Trial for Electroluminescent Display
Panel5. Research on Color EL (1990’s ~ )6. Concluding Remarks
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Primary Color (RGB)
R G B
Red Phosphor
ZnS:SmCaS:Eu
Ba2ZnS3:Mn(Ca,Sr)Y2S4:Eu
ZnGa2O4:EuZnS:Mn + FilterZnS:Mn + CCM
Green Phosphor
ZnS:Tb
SrGa2S4:EuCaAl2S4:Eu
Blue Phosphor
ZnS:TmSrS:Ce + Filter
CaGa2S4:CeSrGa2S4:CeSrS:Ag,Cu
CaS:PbBaAl2S4:EuBa2SiS4:Ce
Research on Color EL (1990’s ~ )
After Miura, Meiji University
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SrCaYSrCaY22SS44:Eu:Eu
CaAlCaAl22SS44:Eu:Eu
BaAlBaAl22SS44:Eu:Eu
Green
Blue
Red
over 150 cd/m2
over 250 cd/m2
over 50 cd/m2
material Luminance@50 Hz
color
Possibility of RGB emission by Eu2+ ion doped IIa-III2-S4 phosphors for full color inorganic EL displays.(Miura et al., Meiji University)
400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
EL Inte
nsi
ty (
a.u.)
Wavelength (nm)
BlueGreen Red
NTSC
EBU
BaAl2S4:Eu
CaAl2S4:Eu
SrCaY2S4:Eu
MEIJI University
Possibility of RGB (Miura)
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iFire Display TM StructureColor By Blue (CBBTM)
ITOdielectric
thick film dielectric
Glass substrate
gold electrode
BaAl2S4:Eu
(0.134,0.080) (0.32, 0.67) (0.660, 0.340)
Lead magnesium niobate based material combined with aPZT
Color filter CCM 4.1 CCM 1.6
2003i-Fire Display Structure
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High Luminance DC Inorganic EL device(Chatani & Kuraray co., LTD, 2005 Oct.)
・Luminance: 650,000 cd/m2 (2,000,000 cd/m2 @8 V)
・Applied Voltage: DC 5.5 V(Threshold Voltage: 3V)
・Luminous Efficiency: 10~14 lm/W・Emission Area: 2 mm X 2 mm・Life: 25,000 h (@350,000 cd/m2)
(2.8 Year)
・Current: 97~137 mA・Resistance: ~40 Ω
ZnS Phosphor based Material
e
Eg: 3.6eV
Chatani
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EL Spectra of various materials
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5 Concluding Remarks
• Blue Inorganic EL of BaAl2S4:Eu • Color change by blue EL panel• A new 600,000 cd/m2 bright inorganic EL
of dc driven at lower than 10 V.
we summarized the present main topics.
These three findings will stimulate again the researches on inorganic EL
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