Science and Technology in Science and Technology in Era of Global IntegrationEra of Global Integration

Mohammed SadeqiMohammed Sadeqi

Presented at Presented at University of DenverUniversity of Denver

11 January 200611 January 2006

OutlineOutline

Evolution of Science & technologyEvolution of Science & technology

-Pre industrial revolution-Pre industrial revolution

-Post industrial revolution-Post industrial revolution Developmental Performance IndexesDevelopmental Performance Indexes Path toward technological Path toward technological

advancement and technological advancement and technological dependence.dependence.

Conclusion Conclusion

Evolution of Science & TechnologyEvolution of Science & Technology

Pre-Industrial RevolutionPre-Industrial Revolution Science and Technology Was Controlled by the Authority of Science and Technology Was Controlled by the Authority of

StatesStates Science and Technology was answering philosophical Science and Technology was answering philosophical

Questions.Questions. Science and Technology was used as tools of war and forced Science and Technology was used as tools of war and forced

domination.domination. During that era, general public to a large extent were not the During that era, general public to a large extent were not the

primary beneficial of the Technological advancement.primary beneficial of the Technological advancement. R&D WAS BASICALLY MANAGED BY GOVERNMENT R&D WAS BASICALLY MANAGED BY GOVERNMENT "PUBLIC "PUBLIC

RESEARCH"RESEARCH"After the Industrial RevolutionAfter the Industrial Revolution Science and Technology Directly Linked to the Economy and Science and Technology Directly Linked to the Economy and

Business.Business.

General public are effected and are benefiting from General public are effected and are benefiting from technological advancement.technological advancement.

R&D WAS MANAGED BY BOTH GOVERNMENTS AND PRIVATE R&D WAS MANAGED BY BOTH GOVERNMENTS AND PRIVATE SECTOR.SECTOR.

Some countries made the transition quickly others were slow Some countries made the transition quickly others were slow and fell behind. Today we have about four types of countries:-and fell behind. Today we have about four types of countries:-

Universal Educational Universal Educational IndexIndex

RegionRegionNo. ofNo. ofilliteracy rate illiteracy rate %%

Ave. years in Ave. years in schoolschool

IlliteratIlliterateses

MillionsMillions

MalMalee

FemalFemalee

TotalTotal197019701992199220002000

Developing Developing CountriesCountries

Least Dev. Least Dev. CountriesCountries

Arab RegionArab Region

East AsiaEast Asia

Latin AmericaLatin America

South AsiaSouth Asia

AfricaAfrica

East Europe & CISEast Europe & CIS

OECDOECD

835.8835.8

167.4167.4

57.757.7

196.6196.6

40.840.8

399.0399.0

132.1132.1

4.44.4

--

19.419.4

38.438.4

26.926.9

8.58.5

11.311.3

33.533.5

31.731.7

0.80.8

--

34.734.7

58.158.1

51.051.0

21.321.3

13.113.1

56.856.8

47.447.4

1.81.8

--

27.127.1

48.448.4

38.738.7

14.714.7

12.212.2

44.944.9

40.440.4

1.41.4

--

--

--

--

--

3.83.8

2.12.1

--

--

7.37.3

3.93.9

1.61.6

3.43.4

5.25.2

5.45.4

2.32.3

1.61.6

8.88.8

11.111.1

--

--

--

--

6.16.1

4.74.7

--

--

9.69.6

Economic PerformanceEconomic Performance

RegionsRegionsGDP GDP (Billions)(Billions)

US$US$ PPP$PPP$

GDP GDP Per Per

capitacapita

PPPPPP$ $

GDP Per GDP Per capitacapita

Annual Annual growth growth

raterate

Patent Patent granted granted

to to residents residents

per per million million people people

20002000200020002000200075-75-0000

90-0090-00

Developing Developing countriescountries

Least developedLeast developed

China (96)China (96)

India (124)India (124)

Arab StatesArab States

OECDOECD

Norway (1)Norway (1)

United State (6)United State (6)

JapanJapan

The worldThe world

6,0596,059

178.5178.5

1,0801,080

457457

603603

25,5525,5588

161.8161.8

9,8379,837.4.4

4,8414,841

30,9730,9711

17,43817,438

669.4669.4

5,0195,019

2,3952,395

1,0501,050

26,52526,525

134134

9,6139,613

3,3943,394

44,00244,002

3,7833,783

1,2161,216

3,9763,976

2,3582,358

4,7934,793

23,57023,570

29,91829,918

34,14234,142

26,75526,755

7,4467,446

2.32.3

0.30.3

8.18.1

3.23.2

0.30.3

2.02.0

2.62.6

2.02.0

2.72.7

1.21.2

3.13.1

1.31.3

9.19.1

4.14.1

0.70.7

1.71.7

3.13.1

2.22.2

1.11.1

1.21.2

N/AN/A

N/AN/A

11

11

N/AN/A

266266

103103

289289

994994

N/AN/A

Measures of Effective R&DMeasures of Effective R&DCountriesCountriesActive Active

ResearchersResearchersReferenced Referenced

PapersPapersReferenced Referenced

paper/ paper/ million of million of populationpopulation

USAUSA

SwitzerlandSwitzerland

AustraliaAustralia

IsraelIsrael

Rep. KoreaRep. Korea

IndiaIndia

ChinaChina

EgyptEgypt

KSAKSA

AlgeriaAlgeria

KuwaitKuwait

466,211466,211

17,02817,028

24,96324,963

11,61711,617

2,2552,255

29,50929,509

15,55815,558

3,7823,782

1,9151,915

362362

884884

10,48110,481

523523

280280

169169

55

3131

3131

11

11

11

11

42.9942.99

79.979.9

17.2317.23

38.6338.63

0.120.12

0.040.04

0.030.03

0.020.02

0.070.07

0.010.01

0.530.53

Technology Use IndexTechnology Use Index

RegionsRegionsTelephone/Telephone/k peoplek people

Mobile/k Mobile/k peoplepeople

Internet Internet host/k host/k peoplepeople

1990199020002000199019902000200019919900

20002000

Developing Developing countriescountries

Least developedLeast developed

China (96)China (96)

India (124)India (124)

Arab StatesArab States

OECDOECD

Norway (1)Norway (1)

United State (6)United State (6)

The worldThe world

2121

33

66

66

3535

392392

502502

545545

9999

7878

66

112112

3232

7777

524524

532532

700700

163163

--

00

--

00

--

1010

4646

2121

22

5252

33

6666

44

3838

459459

751751

398398

121121

--

--

--

--

--

8.58.5

19.319.3

2323

1.71.7

0.70.7

--

0.10.1

--

0.20.2

92.092.0

101.1101.1

295.2295.2

17.817.8

International Declaration on International Declaration on Human DevelopmentHuman Development: Global : Global

InequalityInequalityUN General Assembly in year 2000 declared UN General Assembly in year 2000 declared the millennium goals to be achieved by year the millennium goals to be achieved by year 2015:-2015:-

1.1.Achieve universal primary educationAchieve universal primary education

2.2.Eradicate extreme poverty and hungerEradicate extreme poverty and hunger

3.3.Promote gender equalityPromote gender equality

4.4.Reduce child mortality.Reduce child mortality.

5.5.Improve maternal healthImprove maternal health

6.6.Combat HIV/AID, malaria and other diseases.Combat HIV/AID, malaria and other diseases.

7.7.Ensure environmental sustainability.Ensure environmental sustainability.

8.8.Develop a global partnership for development.Develop a global partnership for development.

ConclusionConclusionHowever we look at this issue, it comes down to However we look at this issue, it comes down to the fact that we as people are and will continue the fact that we as people are and will continue to be more and more inter-depended on each to be more and more inter-depended on each other in meeting the survival challenges of the other in meeting the survival challenges of the future.future.

We must recognize the importance of co-existing We must recognize the importance of co-existing to uphold the principles of human dignity and to uphold the principles of human dignity and equality among nations, and not to condone the equality among nations, and not to condone the monopoly of science and technology by the few to monopoly of science and technology by the few to enslave the majority. This can only lead our enslave the majority. This can only lead our world to anarchy and chaos. world to anarchy and chaos.

Science and technology in this new era of global Science and technology in this new era of global integration offers enormous potential integration offers enormous potential developmental benefits. However, they will not be developmental benefits. However, they will not be realized unless more of the world’s population realized unless more of the world’s population are actively included.are actively included.