science 30 u b: c e ssignment b2

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Science 30Unit B: chemiStry and the environment

aSSignment Booklet B2


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Science 30Unit B: Chemistry and the EnvironmentAssignment Booklet B2Chapter 2 Assignment

For Teacher’s Use only

summary Teacher’s comments

Total Possible Marks

YourMark

Chapter 2Assignment 72

Exploring the electronic information superhighway can be educational and entertaining. However, be aware that these computer networks are not censored. Students may unintentionally or purposely find articles on the Internet that may be offensive or inappropriate. As well, the sources of information are not always cited and the content may not be accurate. Therefore, students may wish to confirm facts with a second source.

This document is intended for

Students ✓

Teachers ✓

Administrators

Home Instructors

General Public

Other

Copyright © 2007, Alberta Education. This resource is owned by the Crown in Right of Alberta, as represented by the Minister of Education, Alberta Education, 10155 – 102 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5J 4L5. All rights reserved.

This resource was developed by or for Alberta Education. It may be reproduced in any form, including photocopying, without written permission from Alberta Education provided that associated copyright notices are also reproduced.

THIS RESOURCE IS NOT SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF A LICENCE FROM A COLLECTIVE OR LICENSING BODY, SUCH AS ACCESS COPYRIGHT.

� Assignment Booklet B2Science 30: Unit B


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assignmenT BookleT B2science 30: UniT B

chapTer 2 assignmenT

This Assignment Booklet is worth 72 marks out of the total 172 marks for the assignments in Unit A. The value of each assignment and each question is stated in the left margin.

Read all parts of your assignment carefully, and record your answers in the appropriate places. If you have difficulty with an assignment, go back to the textbook and review the appropriate lesson. Be sure to proofread your answers carefully before submitting your Assignment Booklet.

chapter 2 assignment: The chemical legacy of human activity

For questions 1 and 2, read each question carefully. Decide which of the choices BEST answers the question. Place your answer in the blank space given.

1. Compared to each other, the molecules of butane and 2-methylpropane have the same numbers of carbon and hydrogen atoms. However, the boiling point of 2-methylpropane—also known as isobutane—is about 10°C lower than the boiling point of butane. Based on its systematic name, what is the structure of 2-methylpropane?

A. CC

H

H

CH3

H

B. CH

H

H

C

H

C

H

CH3H

H

C. CH

H

H

C

H

C

H

CH3 H

H

D. CH

H

C C

H

HH

H

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2 Assignment Booklet B2Science 30: Unit B


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2. Which of the following diagrams represents propane?

A. CH C C

H

HHH

H

B. CH

H

H

C

H

C

H

H H

H

C. H C C C

H

H

H

D. CH

H

H

C

H

C

H

H H

C

H

H

H

3. Match each description with an appropriate term from the following list. Place your answer in the blank space given.

i. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ii. synthetic organic molecules iii. chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) iv. functional group v. halogenated hydrocarbon vi. antioxidant a. synthetic organic molecules in which hydrogen atoms are replaced with

chlorine and fluorine atoms b. any hydrocarbon molecule that has one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by

atoms of chlorine and fluorine, bromine, or iodine c. a certain arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms attached to an organic

molecule d. a substance present within the body tissue (or other materials) that reacts with

free radicals to protect important components e. any manufactured compound containing carbon atoms

f. a compound that contains multiple benzene rings

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4. Match each structural formula with the appropriate family name listed. Place your answer in the blank space given.

i. alcohol ii. carboxylic acid iii. hydrocarbon iv. halogenated hydrocarbon

a. CH

H

H

C

H

C

H

H H

O H

b. H C

H

C

H

CIH

H

c. CH

H

H

C

H

C

H

H H

C

H

H

H

d. CH

H

H

HC

H

CO

O

H

5. Match each description with the appropriate term listed. Place your answer in the blank space given.

i. DDT ii. dioxin iii. furan iv. naphthalene v. propylethanate vi. vinyl

a.

CI O

CI

CI

CI

b. H

CC

H

CO

O

H

H

H

C

H

C

H

H H

H

c.

CI

CICI

CI

CI CH

C

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½

½

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½



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d. H

C

C

C

CC

C

C

C

C

C

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

e. C C

HH

H CI

f.

CI O

OCI

CI

CI

6. The incomplete combustion of oils can produce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Explain why exposure to PAHs can be harmful to living things.

7. Give the systematic name for each of the following molecules.

a. CH

H

H

C

H

C

H

H CI

H

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½

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b.

CH

H

H

C

H

C

H

CI H

H

c. CH

H

H

C

H

C

H

H H

F

d. CH

H

H

C

H

C

H

H CI

C

H

H

H

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8. Suppose you are helping to dispose of an old non-working refrigerator or air-conditioning unit found in the home of an elderly relative. Explain why it is important to ensure the refrigerant in the appliance is properly disposed of.

9. Alberta’s Swan Hills Hazardous Waste Treatment Facility uses temperatures of over 1200°C to incinerate organic waste in solid, liquid, or sludge form. The organic waste includes CFCs and PCBs. Give an explanation you can think of why such high temperatures are necessary to treat the organic waste.

10. Imagine reading the following news story.

In a recent European study, experts analyzed 26 foods—milk, bread, eggs, and other foods that form part of a healthy diet—and found chemicals in all of them. The chemicals in the food included organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated fire retardants, phthalate esters, and alkylphenols. Although the chemicals were found at concentrations well within legal limits, health experts were concerned….

a. Explain how the word chemicals is misused in the story.

b. Describe what the word chemicals represents in this story.

Return to page 21 of the Distributed Learning Student Guide, and begin Lesson 2.2.

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For questions 11 to 14, read each question carefully. Decide which of the choices BEST answers the question. Place your answer in the blank space given.

11. In systematic names for esters, which suffix is used?

A. …diol B. …oate C. …oic D. …ane

12. Which type of organic compound is commonly used as both a disinfectant and a solvent?

A. ester B. alcohol C. hydrocarbon D. carboxylic acid

13. Which type of organic compound is commonly used as a cleaner and as an ingredient in foods?

A. ester B. alcohol C. hydrocarbon D. carboxylic acid

14. Which alcohol combines with carboxylic acid to produce the ester called ethyl butanoate?

A. butan-1-ol B. butan-2-ol C. ethanol D. propan-1-ol

15. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). Place your answer in the blank space given.

a. More than one structure is possible for propanoic acid. b. Methanol is soluble in water.

c. There are esters that occur naturally.

d. Ethanoic acid is made from ethanol.

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i. bioplastic ii. biodegradable iii. carboxyl functional group iv. hydroxyl functional group v. plastic vi. polyester a. a material that can be shaped or molded with or without the application of heat b. a polymer containing many ester groups c. an organic polymer produced by plants or bacteria that can be used instead

of synthetic polymers to form materials d. having the ability to be broken down by natural mechanisms

e. the chemical structure represented by R–OH

f. the organic chemical structure composed of a carbonyl functional group and a hydroxyl functional group

17. Butanoic acid, also known as butyric acid, is found in butter that has gone rancid.

It is also found in parmesan cheese and even in vomit. It has a foul smell and a harsh flavour, yet its aftertaste is pleasantly sweet. Although butanoic acid is naturally occurring, it is also produced synthetically for use as a flavouring in foods. The structure of butanoic acid is as follows.

CH

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

HC

O

O

a. Using structural diagrams, write an equation to show the reaction of butanoic acid with water to produce a hydronium ion and a conjugate base. Label the reactants and products.

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b. Use structural diagrams to show the reaction between propanol and butanoic acid to produce an ester. Indicate which one of the products of the reaction is the ester. Then identify the reactants and the remaining product with their systematic names.

18. In the “Making Esters” investigation on pages 274 and 275 of the textbook, you add two solutions to the test tube just before adding the sulfuric acid. The added solutions contain molecules from two groups of organic substances. Name these two groups of organic substances.

19. Give the systematic name for the following molecules.

a. CH

H

H

C

H

C

H

H H

OH

2

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b. CH

H

H

C

H

C

H H

C

O

H

O

H H

H

c. H C

H

H

C

H

H

HC

O

O

d.

H C

H

H

CC

H

H

HH

H

CO

O

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20. The long filaments making up the thread of woven synthetic fabrics are likely polyesters. Describe the special characteristic that the alcohol and carboxylic acid must have so that they can react with each other to produce such long filaments.

21. In the activity “Risks and Benefits of Household Cleaning Products” on pages 269 and 270 of the textbook, a risk-benefit analysis was applied. Such an analysis is the basis for making effective and responsible decisions.

Now here’s a chance to use your risk-benefit analysis skills in another context. You may have heard that baking soda can be used instead of traditional toothpaste to brush your teeth. In order to plan a risk-benefit analysis, you should list some questions to research.

a. List two questions from a technological perspective that you should research.

b. List a question from an economic perspective that you should research.

c. List two questions from an ecological perspective that you should research.

Return to page 23 of the Distributed Learning Student Guide, and begin Lesson 2.3.

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For questions 22 to 25, read each question carefully. Decide which of the choices BEST completes the statement or answers the question. Place your answer in the blank space given.

22. A student collected the following data when doing a biochemical oxygen demand test on four samples of water from a river.

dissolved oxygen concenTraTion

sample I sample II sample III sample IV

Start �0 mg/L �.0 mg/L �0 mg/L �.0 mg/L

End 7.0 mg/L �.0 mg/L �.0 mg/L 3.0 mg/L

Based on the data, which sample is most likely obtained from river water upstream of all major cities?

A. Sample I B. Sample II C. Sample III D. Sample IV

23. Bisphenol-A is used in the manufacture of plastics. When ingested, as in a food contaminant, bisphenol-A affects human development because it

A. disrupts the migration of nutrients across the wall of the small intestine B. mimics the function of the female sex hormone estrogen C. interferes with mitochondrial activity D. changes the pH of gastric juices

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24. The following graph shows pesticide sales by sector for three different years.

Mas

s o

f A

ctiv

e In

gre

die

nt (k

g)

10

1

100

1000

10 000 000

Industrial DomesticAgricultural

Alberta Pesticide Sales by Sector(1993–2003)

1 000 000

100 000

10 000

199319982003

Based on your own interpretation of the graph, which of the following would you consider to be a valid reason for using a logarithmic scale for the vertical axis rather than a linear scale?

A. The logarithmic scale was used to exaggerate agricultural use. B. The logarithmic scale was used to overstate domestic use. C. The linear scale would have obscured the changes over time. D. A linear scale would have kept the industrial and domestic bars too short to

be easily read.

25. The effect on indoor air quality of off-gassing from new synthetic building materials is a concern because of the release of

A. volatile organic compounds B. carbon dioxide C. water vapour D. NO

x gases

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26. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). Place your answer in the blank space given.

a. A broad-spectrum pesticide is a chemical substance that can control the

population of a large variety of organisms. b. LC

50 is the dosage of a chemical substance that kills half of the population

tested within a specified time. c. The grasshopper effect is the measure of the effect of a pesticide on a

population of mature grasshoppers (or locusts). d. Winterkill is the depletion of carbon dioxide in an ice-covered body of water. e. An eutrophic body of water has excessive plant growth due to a rich supply

of nutrients. f. BOD is a measure of the amount of oxygen required by the living aquatic

organisms in a body of water.


i. drift ii. LD50

iii. organic matter iv. persistence v. target specificity vi. toxin a. a substance that can have harmful effects b. the dosage of a chemical substance, given all at once, that kills half the

population tested within a specified time c. the resistance of a chemical substance being broken down by biological or

chemical means d. the range of organisms affected by a pesticide

e. the transfer of a pesticide by wind or air currents from the location where it is sprayed

f. waste or decaying material from plants or animals

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28. Recognizable logos appear on some products to certify they are environmentally friendly.

© prism_68/shutterstock

Describe four ways in which products carrying such logos can be more environmentally friendly than other products.

29. In the activity “Risk-Benefit Analysis of Renovation Materials” on page 281 of the textbook, building materials were evaluated.

Based on the risk-benefit analysis in this activity, describe how environmentally friendly paints compare with traditional paints from the following perspectives.

a. economic

b. technological

c. ecological

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30. 2,4-D is the active ingredient in many broad-leaf herbicides. The carboxylic acid form of 2,4-D is as shown in the following diagram.

CI OO

C C

H

H

CI

O H

a. The ester forms of this herbicide are also effective. Draw the 2,4-D ester that would be produced when 2,4-D reacts with ethanol.

b. The esters of 2, 4-D are particularly effective against woody plants on pastureland but may be more toxic for birds. For birds, the acidic form of 2, 4-D has an LD

50 equal to

approximately 500 mg/kg. Assume the esters of 2, 4-D are more toxic for birds. Indicate whether the LD

50 of the ester form for birds will be numerically higher or lower than the

acidic form. Explain your answer.

31. Explain why pesticides should not be used over an extended period of time.

32. The activity “Investigating the Effects of POPs in the Arctic” on page 297 of the textbook includes the video “Sila Alangotok—Inuit Observations on Climate Change.” This video shows the contribution of Inuit populations to a study of climate change. Describe the benefits of having First Peoples participate in these kinds of studies.

Submit your completed Assignment Booklet B2 to your teacher for assessment.Then return to page 26 of the Distributed Learning Student Guide,

and begin the Chapter 2 Summary.

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science 30 u b: c e ssignment b2

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