science · 2019. 12. 14. · • the wondrous working of planet earth: understanding our world and...

Science

English Language Arts

Science

History

Arithmetic

*Required ReadingsEcosystems & The Environment

• Energy: Physical Science for Kids*• Matter: Physical Science for Kids*• Forces: Physical Science for Kids*• A Log’s Life• The Wonders of Nature• Who Eats What?:Food Chains and Food Webs*• What If There Were No Grey Wolves?: A Book About the Temperate Forest Ecosystem• What If There Were No Bees?: A Book About the Grassland Ecosystem*• Environments of Our Earth• An Anthology of Intriguing Animals*• Shark Lady: The True Story of How Eugenie Clark Became the Ocean’s Most Fearless

Scientist• The Wondrous Working of Planet Earth: Understanding Our World and Its Ecosystems*

Evolution, Heredity, and Taxonomy • The Story of Life: Evolution*• Traits and Heredity*• Plant and Animal Adaptations*• Animal Structure and Classification

Human Health • The Human Body: The Facts Book for Future Doctors• Bacteria and Antibiotics*

The Earth and The Universe • Planetarium: Welcome to the Museum• See Inside the Universe*• What is the Theory of Place Tectonics?*• The Water Cycle at Work*

Psychology • Big Ideas: The Little Book of Psychology*

Chemistry • Chemistry: The Atom and Elements*

Miscellaneous • Ask a Scientist: Professor Robert Winston Answers 100 Big Questions from Kids Around

the World• What if?: Serious Scientific Answers to Absurd Hypothetical Questions

Book List

Experiments Baking Soda Vinegar Volcano (National Geographic)

Crystal Growing

Density Rainbow in a Jar

Hydrophobic Substances (National Geographic)

Instant Ice

Instant Quick Sand

Meteorite Dig (National Geographic)

Minerals (Toysmith)

Rainstorm in a Glass

Rocks and Fossils (National Geographic)

Static Electricity Balloon

Unit 1 Our Universe

Layers of the Earth and Atmosphere

Videos-Solar System 101-Earth 101-The Universe Documentary

Unit 2

Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Tsunamis, & Tectonic Plates

Erosion

The Water Cycle

The Ecosystem

Food Chains and Webs

Videos-Plate Tectonics Explained-Earthquakes 101-Tornadoes 101-Tsunamis-Weathering and Erosion-The Hydrologic and Carbon Cycles-Ecosystem Ecology-Climate Change 101

Directions: Study the following diagram. Then label each part with the letter of the correct description below.

A. A mid-ocean ridge forms whenever diverging plates continue to separate,

creating a new ocean basin. As the rising magma cools, it forms new ocean crust.

B. When an oceanic plate converges with a less dense continental plate, the denser

oceanic plate sinks under the continental plate.

C. When two oceanic plates converge, the denser plate is forced beneath the other

plate and volcanic islands form above the sinking plate.

Directions: Circle the words in parentheses that best complete the sentences below.

4. (Fossils, Human bones), rocks, and climate provided Wegener with support for

his continental drift theory.

5. The fact that the (youngest, oldest) rocks are located at the mid-ocean ridges is

evidence for seafloor spreading.

6. The transfer of (solar, heat) energy inside Earth moves plates.

Continental crust

Oceanic crust

1. ____________

2. ____________

3. ____________

511-1-50-MSS05-000000_CR 3/22/04 4:08 PM Page 19 impos06 301:goscanc:scanc511:layouts:

Plate Tectonics

Directions: Complete the paragraph by filling in the blanks using the words below.

Pangaea Arctic rock

continents Africa seafloor spreading

Alfred Wegener was one of the first people to suggest that all of the

1. ___________________ were joined together in the past. He called the one large

continent 2. ___________________. Evidence exists to support his hypothesis.

For example, similar fossils have been found in South America and

3. ___________________. Also, fossils of warm weather plants have been found in

the 4. ___________________. Similar 5. ___________________ structures exist in

the Appalachian Mountains and in Greenland and western Europe. But until clues on

the ocean floor led to Harry Hess’s theory of 6. ___________________, scientists

could not think of how the continents might move.

Directions: Study the following diagram of the seafloor. Then match the letters to the statements below.

DA B

CSeafloor

7. Molten rock flows onto the seafloor and hardens as it cools.

8. Hot, molten rock is forced upward toward the seafloor at a mid-ocean ridge.

9. New seafloor moves away from the ridge, cools, becomes denser, and sinks.

10. Molten rock pushes sideways in both directions as it rises, moving themantle with it.


Plate Tectonics

Directions: In the blank at the left, write the letter of the term that best completes the sentence.

1. Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into sections called ______

a. lava. b. plates.

2. The collision of one continental plate with another may produce ______

a. oceans. b. mountains.

3. New ocean crust is formed at a ______

a. rift valley. b. mid-ocean ridge.

4. A rift valley can form where two continental plates are ______

a. moving apart. b. colliding.

5. Where Earth’s plates move, they may slide alongside one another, pullapart, or ______

a. collide. b. divide.


Plate Tectonics

I. Testing ConceptsDirections: For each of the following, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes the sentence.

1. The seafloor spreading theory was proposed by ______a. Alfred Wegener. c. Abraham Ortelius.b. Harry Hess. d. Carl Sagan.

2. As Earth’s plates move apart at some boundaries, they collide at others, forming ______a. mountains and volcanoes. c. strike-slip faults.b. ocean basins. d. both a and b.

3. The youngest rocks in the ocean floor are located at the mid-ocean ______a. volcanoes. b. basins. c. trenches. d. ridges.

4. The results of plate movement can be seen at ______a. rift valleys. c. plate centers.b. plate boundaries. d. both a and b.

5. The ______ are forming where the Indo-Australian plate collides into the Eurasian plate.a. Andes mountain range c. Himalayasb. Rocky Mountains d. Appalachian Mountains

6. The presence of the same ______ on several continents supports the idea ofcontinental drift.a. fossils b. rocks c. neither a nor b d. both a and b

7. Continental drift occurs because of ______a. seafloor spreading. c. magnetic reversal.b. Pangaea. d. earthquakes.

8. The cycle of heating, rising, cooling, and sinking is called a ______a. subduction zone. c. convection current.b. convergent boundary. d. conduction current.

9. Oceanic plates are pushed down into the upper mantle in ______a. convection currents. c. strike-slip faults.b. subduction zones. d. divergent boundaries.

10. The hypothesis that continents have moved slowly to their current locations is called______a. continental drift. c. magnetism.b. continental slope. d. convection.

11. Plates move apart at ______ boundaries.a. convergent b. transform c. divergent d. magnetic

12. Ocean floor rocks are ______ continental rocks.a. more eroded than c. younger thanb. older than d. the same age as


Plate Tectonics

13. The alignment of iron-bearing minerals in rocks when they formed reflects the factthat Earth’s ______ has reversed itself several times in its past.a. magnetic field b. core c. asthenosphere d. gravity

14. The lack of an explanation for continental drift prevented many scientists frombelieving a single supercontinent called ______ once existed.a. Glomar b. Glossopteris c. Pangaea d. Mesosaurus

15. Scientists aboard the Glomar Challenger added to the evidence for the theory ofseafloor spreading by providing ______a. high altitude photos of existing continents.b. samples of plant life from different locations.c. samples of rock from different locations.d. direct measurements of the movement of continents.

16. Where plates slide past one another, ______ occur.a. volcanoes b. earthquakes c. island arcs d. ocean trenches

17. The places between plates moving together are called ______a. divergent boundaries. c. strike-slip faults.b. convergent boundaries. d. lithospheres.

18. Seafloor spreading occurs because ______a. new material is being added to the asthenosphere.b. earthquakes break apart the ocean floor.c. sediments accumulate on the ocean floor.d. hot, less-dense material below Earth’s crust is forced upward toward the surface.

19. Studying the ocean floor, scientists found rocks showing magnetic ______a. weakening. b. reversal. c. bonds. d. poles.

Directions: Complete the following sentences using the correct terms.20. The theory that describes Earth’s crust and upper mantle as being broken into sections is

called ____________________.

21. The theory of ____________________ was shown to be correct by age evidence andmagnetic clues.

22. ____________________, occurring in the mantle, are thought to be the force behind platetectonics.

23. Earth’s plasticlike layer is the ____________________.

24. Earth’s ____________________ move around on a special layer of the mantle.

25. The main lines of evidence for ____________________ are fossil, rock, and climate clues, andthe theory of seafloor spreading.

26. The rigid part of the plates of the ____________________ are made of oceanic crust orcontinental crust and upper mantle.

27. The name ____________________ means “all land.”


Plate Tectonics

The Water Cycle 1. Where does the energy for the water cycle come from?a. The spin of the Earthb. The Moonc. Fossil fuelsd. The Sun

2. Which of the following is NOT a way that water moves from the land to the atmosphere?a. Evaporationb. Precipitationc. Sublimationd. Transpiration

3. What is the main process by which water moves from land to the atmosphere?a. Evaporationb. Precipitationc. Sublimationd. Transpiration

4. What is it called when plants release water that turns into vapor?a. Evaporationb. Precipitationc. Sublimationd. Transpiration

5. What is the process called when water from ice or snow turns directly into vapor without melting?a. Precipitationb. Sublimationc. Transpirationd. Condensation

6. In what form can we see water in the atmosphere?a. Lakesb. Riversc. Oceansd. Clouds

7. What is the process called when water vapor becomes liquid water?a. Precipitationb. Sublimationc. Transpirationd. Condensation

8. What is it called when water falls from the atmosphere to the Earth?a. Evaporationb. Precipitationc. Sublimationd. Transpiration

Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false._____ 1. Biotic factors include sunlight, soil, temperature, and water._____ 2. Like nutrients and water, energy also recycles through an ecosystem._____ 3. An ecosystem consists of all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area and their interactions. _____ 4. Herbivores are a necessary link between producers and other consumers._____ 5. A niche refers to the place an organism lives within its ecosystem._____ 6. Dung beetles eat animal feces._____ 7. Autotrophs make their own food._____ 8. Organisms use 90% of the available energy at each trophic level._____ 9. Carnivores include lions, polar bears, hawks, frogs, salmon, and deer._____ 10. Biomass increases at the upper levels of a food chain._____ 11. Producers occupy the first trophic level._____ 12. Scavengers include vultures and raccoons._____ 13. In a complex ecosystem, it is likely that two different species will occupy the same niche. _____ 14. The habitat is the role of a species in its ecosystem._____ 15. A food web shows how energy flows through an ecosystem.

Ecosystem Elements

Lesson 11.1: Multiple ChoiceName___________________ Class______________ Date________

Circle the letter of the correct choice.

1. Examples of biotic factors include(a) grass, flowers, and sunlight(b) grass, trees, bees, and ants.(c) grass, trees, soil, and water.(d) all of the above

2. Components of an ecosystem include(a) soil, sunlight, water, and weather.(b) grass, trees, bees, and ants.(c) all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area.(d) all of the above.

3. Which describes the possible flow of energy in an ecosystem?(a) snakes to frogs to caterpillars to trees(b) trees to frogs to snakes to caterpillars(c) trees to caterpillars to frogs to snakes(d) caterpillars to trees to frogs to snakes

4. The relationship between autotrophs and producers is(a) that autotrophs make the food the producers eat.(b) that producers make the food the autotrophs eat.(c) that autotrophs eat producers.(d) that they are the same organisms.

5. Which statement best describes a trophic level?(a) A trophic level is the feeding position of an organism in a food chain or web.(b) A trophic level is the position of an organism in an ecosystem.(c) A trophic level is the niche of an organism in an ecosystem.(d) A trophic level is the feeding role of an organism in an ecosystem.

6. Examples of decomposers include(a) algae and cyanobacteria.(b) earthworms, dung beetles, and spiders.(c) vultures and raccoons.(d) all of the above.

7. Which organism would usually be in the fourth trophic level?(a) rats(b) humans(c) rabbits(d) hawks

8. Which statement best defines ecology?(a) The study of how living things interact with each other.(b) The study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment.(c) The study of how living things interact with their environment.(d) The study of how living things interact with their habitat.

Ecosystem Elements

Lesson 11.1: Vocabulary IName___________________ Class______________ Date________Match the vocabulary word with the proper definition.Definitions_____ 1. represents a single pathway through which energy and matter flow_____ 2. feeding positions in a food chain or web_____ 3. the living aspects of the environment_____ 4. the role of a species in its ecosystem_____ 5. consumes the soft tissues of dead animals_____ 6. the physical environment in which a species lives_____ 7. represents multiple pathways through which energy and matter flow_____ 8. states that two different species cannot occupy the same niche in the same place for very long_____ 9. the nonliving aspects of the environment_____ 10. the study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment_____ 11. the total mass of organisms at a trophic level_____ 12. break down remains and other wastes, and release simple inorganic molecules back to theenvironment_____ 13. consumes both plants and animals_____ 14. consumes animals_____ 15. consumes producersTermsa. abiotic factorb. biomassc. biotic factord. carnivoree. competitive exclusion principlef. decomposerg. ecologyh. food chaini. food webj. habitatk. herbivorel. nichem. omnivoren. scavengerp. trophic level

Ecosystem Elements

Name___________________ Class______________ Date________

Fill in the blank with the appropriate term.

1. Abiotic factors are the ____________ aspects of the environment.2. ____________ are organisms that produce food for themselves and other organisms.3. Scavengers consume the soft tissues of ____________ animals.4. ____________ levels are the positions in a food chain or food web5. Ecosystems require constant inputs of ____________ from sunlight or chemicals.6. Omnivores consume both ____________ and animals.7. The competitive ____________ principle states that two different species cannot occupy the sameniche.8. Producers are also called ____________.9. ____________ feed on dead leaves and animal feces, among other debris.10. Examples of ____________ are lions, polar bears, and hawks.11. ____________ are organisms that depend on other organisms for food.12. An ____________ consists of all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area and their interactions.

Ecosystem Elements

Lesson 11.1: Critical WritingName___________________ Class______________ Date________Thoroughly answer the question below. Use appropriate academic vocabulary and clear and completesentences.Describe how energy flows through ecosystems.

Ecosystem Elements

Unit 3

Jurassic Period & Archeology

Evolution

Taxonomy

The Human Body

Psychology

Videos-Fossils 101-Dinosaurs 101-Ichthyosaurs 101-Mosasaurs 101-Plesiosaurs 101-Pterosaurs 101-Evolution-Taxonomy-Heredity-Genetics 101-Intro to Psychology

Evolution 1. Who came up with the theory of evolution?a. Charles Darwinb. Donald Chapmanc. Charlie Dinklaged. Donald Fuller

2. The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproducemost successfully.a. Diversityb. Natural Selectionc. Adaptationd. Speciation

3. An inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival.a. Diversityb. Natural Selectionc. Adaptationd. Speciation

4. Exemplified by the fact that a forest ecosystem contains post oak tree, yaupon holly, juniper,hackberry trees, and small shrubs.a. Diversityb. Natural Selectionc. Adaptationd. Speciation

5.All of the following statements are in agreement with Darwin’s theory of natural selection EXCEPTa. More offspring are produced that can possibly surviveb. The organisms that are the fittest are always the largest and the strongest.c. There is competition for resources among offspring.d. There is variation among offspring.

6.Which statement best characterizes natural selection?a. Blind, random chance hitting upon lucky combinationsb. The slow accumulation of adaptive mutationsc. Absolute dependence on carbon-based biochemistryd. Vestigial adaptation

7. What are modern humans most closely related to?a. Chimpanzeesb. Gorillasc. Fishd. Cats

8. Humans and other primates share a________.a. Cousinb. Parentc. Common ancestord. Natural Selection

Unit 4 Atoms

Elements

Chemical Reactions

Chemical Naming

Videos-What is an Atom and How do we know?-The Periodic Table Song-The Electron-The Molecular Shape of You-Chemical Changes-Lab Rules-How to Speak Chemistrian

Practice Exam 1 (Chapters 1-4)

Name___________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) 1)What is the name given to the element with the symbol "K"?

A) Potassium B) Krypton C) Phosphorus D) Kallium

2) 2)By what chemical symbol do we know the element magnesium?

A) Mn B) Ma C) Mg D) M

3) 3)Which of the following represents a chemical change?

A) sugar dissolving into hot coffee B) steel turning to rust in salt air

C) ice melting to form liquid water D) water boiling to form steam

4) 4)Which of the following represents a physical change?

A) barbecuing a steak

B) burning a propane camping stove

C) adding electricity to water to produce hydrogen and oxygen gas

D) chopping a piece of wood

5) 5)Which of the following is an example of a heterogenous mixture?

A) seawater B) chicken noodle soup

C) milk D) steel

6) 6)The only way one can change an element to another is via ________.

A) a nuclear reaction B) a chemical reaction

C) a physical reaction D) applying heat

7) 7)Which of the following is a pure substance?

A) tap water B) orange juice

C) blood D) block of aluminum

8) 8)How many significant figures are there in 0.00123, 7000, and 1.519 × 10-2?

A) 4, 1, 1 B) 7, 1, 4 C) 6, 4, 4 D) 3, 1, 4

9) 9)Which of the following correctly converts 0.000001546 mi in scientific notation?

A) 1.546 × 10-6 mi B) 1.546 × 10-5 mi C) 1.546 × 106 mi D) 1.546 × 105 mi

Chemistry

science · 2019. 12. 14. · • the wondrous working of planet earth: understanding our world and...

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