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2 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VoL. 98, No. 2543

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2 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS Voi, 98, No. 2543

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4 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 98, No. 2543~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,m

The new ADAMS SLIDE BINDERS are an improvedmethod for binding 35 mm. transparencies of Koda-chrome, black and white, or other film, between glass, ina cardboard frame bound with a gummed paper wrap.

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FAST-Binding a set of slides should require only about aminute per slide.THINNER AND LIGHTER-The glass used is thinner (0.8to 1.0 mm.) and smaller (34 x 38 mm.) than the usual slidesused and therefore is lighter in weight-requires less spacefor storage.GLASS QUALITY-Only the highest grade, flat, non-cor-rosive glass, practically free of scratches, striae and bubblesis used. It is the same quality glass used in making thewell-known GOLD SEAL Microscope Slides.

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SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS Voi... 98, No. 25434

1

SEPTEMBER 24, 1943 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 5

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6 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VoL. 98, No. 2543

Knowing our extremely exactingrequirements, many researchinvestigators always insist onRoche vitamis.

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SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 98, NO. 25436

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SEPTEMBER 24, 1943 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

What's he got that you didn't have?AMONG MANY THINGS already certain are endless human comfortsmade possible by plastics... shoes without leather ... hats withoutfelt... new kinds of suit and dress materials, as well as an almostendless number of home conveniences, that "neither moth nor rustdoth corrupt."You, perhaps, think of plastics as substances which can be

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8 SCIENCE-DVERTISEMNTS VOL. 9, No. 254

Bausch ai Lomb Large Littrow Spectrograph

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SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 98, NO. 25438

IT

SCIENCEFRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1943 No. 2543

Aristotle, Newton, Einstein: PROFESSOR E. T. WHIT-TAKER ...... 267

The Longevity of the Eminent: DR. HARVEY C.LEHMAN .. 270

Obituary:Rennie Wilbur Doane: JOHN M. MILLER. LeslieLeland Locke: PROFESSOR Louis C. KARPINSKI.RecentDeaths ............................................ 273

Scientific Events:

The North Pacific Planning Project; Escuela Agri-cola Panamericana; The Chicago Museum of Nat-ural History; The National Metal Congress; TheLouis Livingston Seaman Fund; Need for Water-Insoluble Forms'of Water-Soluble Vitamins .................. 275

ScientificNotes and News ........ .................................... 278

Discussion:'Twenty-Five-Year Effort at Saving Nature for Sci-entific Purposes: DR. VICTOR E. SHELFORD. OnMethods of "Starring" American Men of Science:DR. C. A. BROWNE. Clavacin and the Press: PRO-FESSOR H. W. ANDERSON .280

Scientific Books:

Blood Groups and Transfusion: PROFESSOR WIL-LIAM C. BOYD. Chemistry: DR. R. E. POWELL 283

Special Articles:The Serological Activity of Denatured Antibodies:J. 0. ERiCKSON and DR. HANS NEURATH. Protec-tive Effect of Separate Inoculation of SpottedFever Virus and Immune Serum by IntradermalRoute: PROFESSOR L. ANIGSTEIN, MADERo N. BADERand GERALD YOUNG .284

Scientific Apparatus and Laboratory Methods:Observations on the Biological Value of a Mix-ture of Essential Amino Acids: DR. ANTHONY A.ALBANESE and VIRGINIA IRBY .286

Science News ......... 10

SCIENCE: A Weekly Journal devoted to the Advance-ment of Science, edited by J. McKEEN CATTELL; WARECATTELL, assistant editor. Published every Friday by

THE SCIENCE PRESSLancaster, Pennsylvania

Annual Subscription, $6.00 Single Copies, 15 Cts.

SCIENCE is the official organ of the American Associa-tion for the Advancement of Science. Information regard-ing membership in the Association may be secured fromthe office of the permanent secretary in the SmithsonianInstitution Building, Washington, D. C.

ARISTOTLE, NEWTON, EINSTEIN. IIBy Professor E. T. WHITTAKER, F.R.S.

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH

THE problem that now confronted physicists was

this: How can local properties, such as a gravitationalfield, exist in space when the existence of an ether isnot a permissible supposition? The answer was fur-nished, in 1915, by the "General Theory of Relativity"of Einstein. He discarded Gassendi's assumption thatspace was a uniform characterless vacuum, and postu-lated that it had a property of curvature, varying

from point to point: and that just as (to mnake use

of a rough analogy) a paramagnetic body when placedin a magnetic field tends to move from the weaker tothe stronger places in the field, so a massive body inspace might be pictured as moving from places ofweak to places of strong curvature. The curvature, infact, performs in general relativity the same kind offunction as the density and rigidity of the ether didin classical physics; but, unlike the ether-properties,

it does not come into conflict with the principle ofrelativity. In Einstein's conception, space is no longerthe stage on which the drama of physics is performed:it is itself one of the performers; for gravitation,which is a physical property, is entirely controlled bycurvature, which is a geometrical property of space.In Einstein's theory of gravitation the Newtonian

concept of force is completely done away with; a freeparticle moves in a path determined solely by the cur-

vature-properties of space; it is, as the Aristotelianswould say, in potency with regard to space, and thingsin a state of potency continually seek to become ac-

tualized. The changes of position of the particle, intheir turn, bring about changes in the curvature ofspace, so that the particle and space together may beregarded as a single system whose evolution is deter-mined by the law that the total curvature of space-

VOL. 98