sci10 lt3 notes

7/21/2019 Sci10 LT3 Notes

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Digestion, Nutrition, Calories andDiets

I. IntroductionII. Food and NutritionIII. Feeding MechanismsIV. Food breakdownV. Intra and Extra cellular digestion

VI. Systemic DigestionVII. ProblemsDiseasesVIII. !aloriesI". Diets

FOOD IS ESSENTIALE#ery mealtime is a reminder heterotrophs.Need regular su$$lies o% %oodMetabolism anabolic and catabolic

NT!ITIONnot &ust the need %or sustenan"e butalso %or SPE!IFI! dietary com$onents

FOOD T#$ES and FEEDIN%'Most animals are opportunisti"&eedersMeaning( Eating outside o% theircategory. )

'*nimals +t into one o% the three

dietar' "ategories(,. -erbi#ores( eat mainly

autotro$hs. !arni#ores( eat other animals/. 0mni#ores( consume animaland $lant or algal matter.1

NT!ITIONAL NEEDS2egardless o% %eeding ty$e3 animals must+nd a diet that ade4uately satis+es /nutritional needs(). Fuel %or cellular work*. !a+ Materials %or biosynthesis. Essential Nutrients that the animalcan1t make themsel#es.

FEEDIN% MEC-ANISMS */inds o&+hales).0 Suspension &eeders 1lter&eeders'Si%t small %ood $artcicles %rom substrate'S$onges3 clams3 oysters3 baleen whales.

*.0 Substrate Feeders 2deposit&eeders also0'5i#e on their %ood source'Maggots3 cater$illars3 earthworms.

/.6 FLID FEEDE!S $arasitic sometimes'suck nutrient rich 7uid %rom a li#ingsource'mos4uitoes3 leeches3 hummingbirds3bees

8.6 3L4 FEEDE!S

5eat relati#ely large $ieces o% %ood'most animals considered this ty$e

FOOD $!OCESSIN%). Ingestion

5*ct o% eating*. Digestion

5Process o% breaking %ood downinto molecules small enough %orthe body to absorb5Intracellular and Extracellular

. Absorption5 9ake u$ small molecules %rom thedigesti#e com$artment.

6. Elimination5:ndigested material $asses out o%

the digesti#e com$artment

DI%ESTION5Virtually all %ood3 whether o% $lant oranimal origin3 consists o% highly com$lexcom$ounds that cannot be used without+rst being broken down into sim$ler

com$ounds ;Proteins3 !arbs3 Fats6'Digestion 7 AT$ %ENE!ATION8

0rganic molecules in %ood(,. Digestion and Absorption ;energyloss( -eat and 5ost in Feces6. Nutrient mole"ules in bod' "ells;energy loss( urine6/. Cellular respiration ;energy loss(heat6 or !arbon skeletons<iosynthesis(storage3 growth and re$roduction;energy loss( heat6Nutrient moleculesin body cells. ;*6

8. *F9E2 cellular res$iration %ENE!ATE AT$8 sed &or CELLLA!9O!4 ;energy loss( -E*96

O! AT$ &or 3ios'nthesis: storage3growth and re$roduction. 9hen back tonutrient molecules in cells= * !>!5E..

NT!ITION AND -OMOEOSTASIS5Nearly all o% animal1s energy generation;*9P6 is based on the o;idation o&energ' ri"h mole"ules



5 9hese molecules are( Protein3 !arbs3 Fat.'Excess stored as %l'"ogen and FAT inli#er o% muscles.

%LCOSE IS -I%-L# CONT!OLLED.Energy balance o% Food Intake andEnergy ex$enditure.?lucose $roduction in li#er.

%LCOSE 7 MAIN ENE!%# SO!CE.

CALO!IC 3ALANCE

Calori" De1"ien"' <s Calori" E;"ess@hene#er you need energy3 the bodyuses u$( ;hierarchical6,. Sugar. Fat/. ProteinE;"ess( O3ESIT#.

'@-0 now recogniAes obesity as a ma&orglobal health $roblem.

3OD# 9EI%-T CONT!OL6 im$ortant substances( 5e$tin3 ?hrelin3Insulin3 P>>.

LE$TIN 2S$$!ESS0Produced by adi$ose ;%at6 tissue.Su$$resses a$$etite as it increases.<ody %at decrease3 le$tin le#el %alls3a$$etite increase.

high le#el le$tin3 decrease a$$etite.F*9 :P3 5EP9IN :P3 *PPE9I9E [email protected]*9 D0@N3 5EP9IN D0@N3 *PP9I9E :P

$## 2S$$!ESS a&ter meals b' SI0-ormone secreted by small intestinea%ter meals.*$$etite su$$ressant that counters thea$$etite stimulant ghrelin.

%-!ELINSecreted by stomach wall0ne o% the signals that triggers %eelingo% hungerDieters3 lose weight( ghrelin increases.0ne o% the reason why it1s hard to stayon diet.

INSLINright in blood sugar l#l a%ter a mealstimulates P*N!2E*S to secrete this.insulin su$$resses a$$etite by actingon brain.

INTE!ESTIN%( 3OD# 9EI%-TCONT!OL( LE$TIN

5Secreted by %at cells.'BE> P5*>E2 in regulation o% %at storageand use.'-igh 5e$tin3 -igh Fat3 De$ress a$$etite.Increase energy consuming muscularacti#ity and body heat $roduction.'5ow le$tin3 5ow <ody Fat3 Increasea$$etite3 weight gain.

NDE!NO!IS-MENT'@hen an animal is :NDE2N0:2IS-EDit lacks essential nutrients.'Ions3 metals3 etc.'OSTEO$-A%# = eating o% bones due tomalnutrition.

T-E $!O3LEM OF CONT!OL5@hy is weight so hard to controlCC'E#olutionary $ast

'Fat hoarding as a means o% sur#i#al'Still seen in some birds'!onsume more calories than can beburned.

$-ASES OF DI%ESTIONFood Mechanical Digestion;$ieces o%%ood6!hemical Digestion;EnAymatic-ydrolysis6 Small Molecules ;Nutrientmolecules enter body cells6eliminateundigested material

T#$ES OF DI%ESTION'Most organisms( digestion in s$ecialiAedcom$artments.

INT!ACELLLA! DI%ESTIONE>T!ACELLLA! DI%ESTION

'gastro#ascular ca#ities'!om$lete systems.

$-ASES OF DI%ESTION,. Food Intake. Formation o% #acuole/. 9rans$ort8. Digestion. Elimination

E>T!ACELLLA! %AST!ODE!MISE>T!ACELLLA! S#STE!MICM0:9-P-*2>N"ES0P-*?:S ;no digestion6S90M*!- ;actual digestion6SM*55 IN9ES9INE ;absor$tion o%

nutrients65*2?E IN9ES9INE ;water.. nutrientsCC62E!9:M



Pancreatitis' 2ico >an. <lood %ocused sa?I. Don1t eat a hea#y dinner.

E?OLTION OF S#STEMIC). Length o& digesti<e s'stem*. A""essor' stru"tures

a. !ro$b. ?iAAard

c. 5i#erd. !aeca

Dierence o% herbi#ore and carni#orelengthstructure.

-MAN DI%ESTION,. Esophageal Sphin"ter "ontra"tedGnot swallowing( it1s contracted. *llows airto 7ow through trachea to lungs.E$iglottis u$ and glottis is o$en.

. S+allo+ing !e@e; G triggered whenbolus o% %ood reaches $harynx/. Lar'n; G u$$er $art o% res$iratorytract. 9i$s e$iglottis o#er glottis.Pre#enting %ood to enter trachea.8. Esophageal sphin"ter rela;es Gallows eso$hagus to o$en and the bolusto enter the eso$hagus.. A&ter &ood has entered' larynxmo#es downward3 o$ens breathing$assage.H. 9a<es o& mus"ular "ontra"tion =

$E!ISTALSIS G mo#e the bolus downthe eso$hagus to the stomach.'continues all the way until we $oo$.'$oo$ing is not $eristalsis.

@e C-E9 %ood to make it smaller and toin"rease sur&a"e area %or &asterdigestion. It1s dangerous i% %ood%erments in the stomach.

STOMAC--one of the most acidic places in thebody.5Muscular organ with L "apa"it'.'!hurns and is res$onsible %or themi;ing e<er' *B se"s Ch'me (pulpy acidic uid which passes from thestomach to the small intestine,consisting of gastric juices and partlydigested food.)'Secretes gastri" ui"e( -Cl, $E$SIN.'!ugae increase sur%ace area'!hie% cells( Pe$sinogen ;substance

secreted by stomach wall and will becon#erted into enAyme $e$sin by gastricacid.6

'Parietal !ells( -!l ;secreted intostomach to aid digestion o% $rotein6

'Mucus secreted by e$ithelial cells.'@hole e$ithelium re$laced by mitosise#ery / days.'$epti" ul"ers and lesions "aused b'-ELICO3ACTE! $#LO!I.

'acts like an acid.'remo#es mucuswax lining'results to a $er%oration in the stomach'hole( &uices see$ out and get organsin%ected.'results to SEPSIS ;contaminated blood6'@-E2EC :sually in raw contaminated%ood.

DODENM 2entr' to SI a&ter

stoma"h0Connects Stomach(acid chime) and SI.If this gets cut, Y! "I#.$%ile from li&er enters here.'Small intestine is ma&or site o% digestionand absor$tion start at +rst segment'Man' en'mes present here coming%rom the intestine itsel%3 the li#er3 andthe $ancreas

ACCESO!# O!%ANSLI?E! AND $ANC!EAS

LI?E!(56 lobes, many %unctions.'detoxi+cation( alcohol3 N-/' Store Vitamin *D3 ?lucose.53ILE( emulsi%y li$ids hel$s withdigestion.

$ANC!EAS( E;o"rine, A"ini.5 9ry$sin3 chymotry$sin( $roteases.'Pancreatic li$ase( %ats.'Pancreatic amylase( Starch'-ormones( ?astrin3 !!B3 Secretin.

SMALL INTESTINET-!EE FEAT!ES T-AT INC!EASES!FACE A!EA(5 9he lining is %olded.'?ILLI( Multicelled3 +ngerlike absor$ti#estructures with lym$h and blood #esselextend %rom %olds.'<rush border cells on the #illus sur%acesha#e membrane extensions ;mi"ro<illi0that $ro&ect into the lumen.

BE>( nutrient absor$tion



tap water &s distilled water'resistance training, immune systemstronger

COLON'!onnected to the small intestine'For water and ion resor$tion'@aste $rocessing become more solid(

starch rece$tors'<acterial 7ora( VI9 B3 <,'9erminates at rectum Feces.'Processes waste( retrie#es all water andall extra nutrients. D:2IN? 5<M3 water goes to %eces.?atorade will not hel$ because it has lotso% sugar and this draws water out. @hatwill hel$C 0ral Dehydration solution oresol.

E?OLTIONA!# ADA$TATION).0 DENTITION:$$er and lower teeth both ha#e(In"isors 5 cutting $lant %ood.Canines = slicing and tearing meat.Molars 5 grinding grass ang other$lants.

Ele$hant tuskVam$ire <at G secretes analgesis;mos4uitoes6-i$$o G to scare*nimal world monogamy is rare becausegoal is to ha#e more children J biological+tness.

*.0 S#M3IOSISTermites protists eat +hat isreadil' there.interaction between two dierentorganisms li&ing in close physicalassociation, typically to the ad&antage of both

.0 SE%MENTATIONI. Forgut Fermenters

a. !ows3 shee$3 goats.II. -indgut &ermenters

a. -orses3 rodents3 rabbitsb. !o$hro$hagy':sing %eces as a nutritional source

'Food $asses through entiredigesti#e tract a second time.

Mas mahaba ang !ecum ng carni#ore#s -erbi#ore.

CECM 5 %erment %ood in cecum!arni#ore G longer small intestine

!0@( ;wew $arang uulitCC6,. 2umen 2eticulum/. Eso$hagus8. 0masum

. *bomasum

DISEASES8). COLON DISEASES

CANCE!to the abnormal growth of cells that ha&ethe ability to in&ade or spread to other

parts of the body A$$ENDICITIS5In7ammation o% a$$endixSurgery( #estigial3 la$arosco$y.

DI?E!TICLITISinammation of a di&erticulum,especially in the colon, causing pain anddisturbance of bowel function

CI!!-OSISa chronic disease of the li&er mared by degeneration of cells, inammation, and

*brous thicening of tissue. It is typically a result of alcoholism or hepatitis.'2esult damage healing cycle +brosis3scar tissue( loss o% %unction'!auses( *lcoholism3 he$atitis < or !3Fatty 5i#er' aundi"e( condition o% yellowing skin

excess o% $igment 3ILI!3IN ;not being degraded anymorebecause it1s in excess6

ASCITES 5 the accumulation o% @uid inthe $eritoneal ca#ity3 ;5IVE26 causingabdominal swelling

where they got insulinCC

CALO!IESCALO!IE G *mount o% energy needed toraise the tem$erature o% one kilogram o%water by one degree !elsius.

Don1t be mislead( cal #s !al!al energy( 2D*

BcalJ!alJ,KKK cals.

Food $'ramid <ottom to 9o$(



<read3 Pasta3 !ereal3 2ice ;!arby shit6Fruit L VeggiesMilk 3 >ogurt3 !heese L Meat Poultry3 Fish3beans3 Eggs3 Nuts.5*S9( Fats3 0ils3 Sweets.

-O9 TO !EAD LA3ELS.). Start with Ser#ing SiAe and o%

Ser#ings. !heck !alories./. 5imit( Fat3 !holesterol3 Sodium.8. ?et enough( Vit *3 !3 !a3 Fe. Footnotes.H. uick ODV J Daily Value.O 5owKO -igh

SE!?IN% SIGE3E9A!E8

%ENE!AL %IDE TO CALS

8K IS 50@,KK M0DE2*9E8KK -I?-

?0*5( S9*> ,KKO <E50@ 0F DV F02F*9;S*93 92*NS63 !-05ES9E2053

S0DI:M.

92> 90 ?E9 ,KKO DV 0F !a3 Fe3 Vit *and !.

HD? 7 based on )BBH o& Dail' ?alue&or ea"h

nutrientDAN%E!OS DIETS88

). -C% DIET5 9aking hormones women $roduceduring $regnancy while se#erelyrestricting calorie intake.5<*D( More gallstones3 heart$roblems.

*. -OODIA DIET'*%rican <ushmen historicallyrelied on hoodia.'cactus Glike $lant3 to curb thirstand hunger during lengthy huntingtri$s.<*D( toxins and im$urities.

. 3LOODT#$E DIET5Eating based on your bloodty$e(bene+cial3 neutrals3 a#oids.<*D( No actual study to e#aluatebene+ts'cholesterol lowering bene+t worksbecause o% calorie restriction

6. $ALEO DIET

5Eating based on Paleolithic %ood<*D( not much bad since youreally reduce arti+cial additi#es<:93 be wary o% eating raw %ood.

. SOT-3EAC- DIET5Designed to $re#ent heart

disease.<*D( //O o% the claims made inthe book could be con+rmed by+ndings in the scienti+c literature3while ,O were not su$$orted.

. MASTE!CLEANSE DIET

55emonade Diet( Quice Fast<*D( lack o% essential nutrients inthis $rogram3 citing a de+ciency o% $rotein3 #itamins and minerals.

J. MAC-INIST DIET5, a$$le R , can 9una $er day.'<ad( M*5N:92I9I0N

9E- *N0 90C *N02E"I*CN09 F:NK. ?E%AN DIET

5Vegetables all day<*D( healthy3 but may lack $rotein

and essential nutrients.. LACTO5O?O DIET5Vegetables all day'<*D( not really much exce$t theneed to control dairy and starch



SMO4IN% AND D!IN4IN%Introduction

9obacco and Smoking-aAards*lcohol-aAardsDemogra$hics-aAards

Intro( SMO4IN% and D!IN4IN%($re<entable Death

More than *IDS3 murder3 alcohol3 suicide3drugs and #ehicular accidentsCOM3INED.

the more you smoe, the earlier you+lldie.

TO3ACCO AND SMO4IN%'Processed %rom Nicotina $lant genus.'!an be $rocessed in se#eral ways 'TDr'ing'!ontains ni"otine and other chemicals.'!igarettes3 cigars3 !hewing tobacco3snus3 hookashisha.

A -ISTO!# OF SMO4IN%'!an be de+ned as the a"t o& usingtoba""o in an' &orm.

'5ong been $o$ular in North and SouthAmeri"a long be%ore Euro$e.'Not used recreationally by the nati#es.

'9rading'Pi$e !eremonies'9reaties'*greements'Dis$utes'!onsidered a gi%t %rom the creator smoke carries thoughts and $rayers tothe s$irits.

Smoing was spiritual. It was a way ofcommunicating with od.It was culturally important to them.

-So it shall be for all time. If discord hasbroen out between two beings, let themsmoe together. !nited by this bond they will li&e in peace and friendshipthereafter. / *ttributed to the %reatManitu, The great spirit.

0igh 1alue of 2obacco ' gold

'Spanish 9obacco to E: in ,U

'Fuelled coloniAation ;area where 9obaccogrows well6

',,( S$anish doctor book( !ure %or /Hdiseases;no actually cured diseases6'Toba""o onl' ma/es 'ou happ'

alle<iates stress5Same as orgasm3 cutting3chocolate $ain brings ha$$y chemicals.

'Entered Asia through the$ortuguese trading +ith apan

'Punishable by death in the 0ttomanem$ire ;9urkish6 in ,H// Em$eror made 9obacco $unishable bydeath because i% they were to ha$$y3 it

decreases $roducti#ity.

Sir Walter Raleigh introducedtobacco into England . -3aleigh+s 4irst5ipe in #ngland, included in 4rederic6illiam 4airholt+s 2obacco, its history andassociations.

5Australia &rom Indonesia5Virginia Plantations( ,HKW Sla#ery'Qohn ;Pocahontas6':ntil ,UU/3 tobacco excise tax

accounted %or //O o% internal re#enuecollected by the :S.2obacco in the 5hilippines7 Cagayan1alley

-AGA!DS OF SMO4IN%TO3ACCO SMO4E

'!ontains ni"otine, which is a chemicalthat mimics acetylcholine.'Strengthens connections in the $leasurecenter o% the brain do$amine.'-igh do$amine ha$$y addiction

Smoke( goes to lungs R nicotine in lungsgoes to nicotine in bloodstream until itreaches the brain.'9his imitates acetylcholine in $leasurecenter that creates do$amine ;to beha$$y6On"e it depletes, you want more o% it.

SMO4IN% IS ADDICTI?E5Nicotine is 4uickly absorbed into the

lungs.'5ungs <lood #essels <rain'0ne o% the most addicti#e commondrugs



'Same $ath o% addiction as cocaine andheroin

COM$ONENTS OF SMO4E'/ *$$rox com$onents'JB are /no+n "ar"inogeni"2urethane,p'rene, Cadmium inbatteries0Nicotine*cetone

9oluene G industrial sol#ent

*rsenic G lethal $oisonPolonium ,K G radioacti#eDD9' insecticide

MEAS!IN% $AC4 #EA!S5:sed as a measure o% the $atientssmoking history.' o& 'ears smo/ing ; pa"/s per da'7 $AC45#EA!S

CA!DIO!ES$I!ATO!# EFFECTSLN% DAMA%E AND CANCE!

Lung Cancer kills more than any cancer.

-E*59-> 5:N? G elastic3 +rm:N-E*59-> 5:N? G airy3 s$ongy.

,. EM$-#SEMA5destru"tion o& the al<eoli results inair tra$$ing. Succeeding exhalationscannot ex$el as much air3 leading to the%eeling o% dro+ning.

*. AT-E!OSCLE!OSISa disease o% the arteries characteriAed bythe de$osition o% %atty material on theirinner walls.'blockage o% artery'smoking constricts blood #essels @-E2E%at is there already

. -EA!T ATTAC4 5*cute Myocardial In%arct ;*MI6'Interru$tion o% blood su$$ly to heart

'*ngina ;chest $ain6 extreme*SVD;heart attack6'Normally "oronar' arter' blo"/age NEEDS <y$ass o$erations. ;!oronary

artery su$$lies blood and oxygen toheart muscles6

P20!ED:2E o% <>P*SS(get artery %rom leg 'T attach it to notblocked

'Madami ang na block ',. M mag$aby$ass

6. ST!O4E5Bnown as cerebro#ascular accident;!V*6'2a$id loss o% brain %unction loss o%oxygen in the brain.!V* 'T hemorrhagic #s nonhemorrhagic.-EM022-*?I!(<lood #essel ex$lodesSur#i#al( K',KOWO ' a human #egetable

*neurism G something that1s genetic. *sur$rise attack.

$E!I$-E!AL ?ASCLA! EFFECTS). $E!I$-E!AL ?ASCLA! DISEASE?radual narrowing o% blood #essels numbness3 weakness!an be grounds %or am$utation i% tissuedies.

. 5*2>N?E*5 9-20*9 !*N!E2'UKO o% deaths %rom laryngeal cancer

linked to smoking

/.DEN9*5M0:9- P20<5EMS'Moutch ancer3 tooth staining anddila$idation3 gum $robs3 tongue$roblems.

8. IMP09EN!EFetal Smoking Syndrome causes birthde%ects3 still birth3 Sudden In%ant

Death Syndrome.

SE!0ND-*ND SM0BE'deadlydiseases by second'hand smoke(Stroke3 lung cancer3 atherosclerosissure( stroke3 nasal irritation3 coronaryheart disease3 lung cancer3re$roducti#e eects(low birth weight.

ALCO-OL AND D!IN4IN%

!5O5- 2)B degrees05?eneral term in chemistry re%erringto com$ounds that ha#e an G0-



grou$.

Most common(MethanolEthanol ;Et0-6Iso$ro$anol<utanol

'0% these3 Onl' Ethanol 2EtO-0 issa&e to "onsume.

ALCO-OL'Produced through $rocess o%&ermentation where organisms;yeast6 break down sugars intoenergy.'Side eect $roducing alcohol and!0'Not &ust %or making alcohol( bread3gas3 yoghurt etc.

A -istor' o& Drin/ing'Earliest e#idence neolithi" ;,K3KK<!'KKK<!6'%rapes in Asia53arle' in Middle east ;KKK<!'HHK <!6'Po$ular in Egy$t.

E%#$T(@ages o% workers $aid in beer.Medicine in Egy$t3 also Sumerianstates. ;,KK<!6

-ebrew <ible ;Pro#erbs /,(H'6?reece and 2ome( $art o% main diet;dilutes wine6

Medie<al( brew to li#e.

boiling not brewing killed microbesbut they didn1t know.!hurch mono$oly5uther and !al#in( ,UKK gi%t o% ?od.

5Ma'@o+er( More beer than water.'"."".""" Ft0- content'2um came %rom !aribbean'Firewater to *merican Indians3*4ua #itae to Euro$eans.

-aards o& Drin/ing). Ethanol 2sa&e to "onsumeP0

5Psychoacti#e de$ressant

lie 8%8, wors you o&ertimeand causes state of depressionImmediate reaction7 Inhibitionof 4eelings (shorther thane9citation):C# this is gone; increase inchemical for e9citation that last

for a long time pagwawala.'Makes you sad'-ango#ers can create a cycleo% waking u$ %eeling ill3 anxious3

&ittery and guilty. ;se#eredehydration3 drink water6'*lcohol is miscible in water3aects kidneys3 dilates #esselso% kidney3 50SE water.

. $an"reatitis 2Chroni" or A"ute05$ain in the $ancreas'5i%e'threatening'causes( *lcoholism

. Li<er DamageFATT# LI?E!',KO %at're#ersible'9oxic com$ound must beeliminated by li#er. I% too much3

it tends to con#ert it to use%ylsubs F*9

CI!!-OSIS2kills. 5i#er hard and brittle.Vessels in7amed and can1t+lter. I!!E?E!SI3LE. In%ectsblood65*lcohol $asses through the

li#er.'!hronic alcohol abuse

o#erwhelms the li#er so it can1tbreak down harm%ulsubstances.

6. Spee"h Debilitation5Slurred S$eech ;signs thatyou1#e had too much65D'sarthria2&ailed +ord asso"iation0problem( Chroni" D'sarthria

. Diabeti" Compli"ations5Diabetic danger Aone'9y$e ( 0rgans unres$onsi#e to

insulinX less glucose being



storedusedT-S, in"reases le<el o& glu"osein the blood.5Diabetes mellitus( de1"ien"' o%$ancreatic hormone insulin, whichresults in a %ailure to metaboliAesugarsglucose.

2Insulin regulates amount o%glucose6gangrene3 tissue disintegration.. Loss o& Coordination

5:ncoordinated attem$t atwalking a straight line J toomuch to drink than your bodycan $rocess.

J. 3rain Damage-O9QQ

a0 *lcohol aects %orebrain Rassaults motor "oordinationand de"ision ma/ingb.0 * knocks out midbrain3 losecontrol o#er emotions and

in"rease "han"es o&bla"/out.". Finally alcohol batters thebrainstem as it aRe"ts heartrate, bod' temp, appetiteand "ons"iousness3 adangerous and $otentially %atal

condition.

K. n"ons"iousness53LAC4 OTS.5

. Ner<e Damage.'Strang sensations'Numbness and pain in thehands and %eet might be theresult o% damage to yourner#ous system.

-o+ mu"h al"ohol "an 'ou drin/Q5*; +ee/ mildl' al"oholi"5Fa"tor( 'ounger age, ethni"it'

H high al"ohol le<el in blood.)B H DEAD 4A

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