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Table

1. INT

1.1 S1.2 D1.3 R

1.3.1 1.3.2

2. VA

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2.3.1 2.3.2

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of conten

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11/51

he extent ed by the

ns do not

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s Date

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Figure1200 Uthe norWV7.3(conver

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ance of gravpanel: Metes of Spain anwell (lower pavy appeara

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shall compritterns generonsidered heough the sists, it has toeorological pploited for vdimensional

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12/51

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ry 2014, louds at en in the solution nel than

relevant dered as G v2018 of those

sized that and the

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vice vermeteororeading the papeGW) cometeoroa subjecrelevant

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ase of ASII-gure 1), anded pattern resake of comharman and

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WC/GEO resat imagery w

NITIAL ASS

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The algorithabout this. channel undHowever, assome false mentioned pstratocumulualgorithmic should be soin HRVIS, t

uently, the ament at th

mance. The an Jann (201G ATBD [Rced documenhen we ente

amed “v2017GEO NRT vi

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n be no guarenomenon dculties of ver

and Youngis: suppor

erial compriover the w

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ves near/abovves in region

stricts itselfwhich keeps

SESSMENT

e detection Petkov and rprisingly, sas tuning a

he first versioes of manua; region: Eurl (Jann, 2017

hm looks foEssentially,

der investigas the algoritalarms in a

paper lists sus. In suchviewpoint,

ought in ordthe decision

algorithm in he developealert reader m17) and the RD.3], whichnt; may it suered the vali7”) is illustrisualization.



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rt the aviatiising much m

whole image

levant signaof the validalgorithm cowe note that ) knows

ve convectios of the mid

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module hadKruizinga (ome tuning

and validatioon was preseally analysedrope). The r7), so it is su

or alternatin, this meansation, the alghm is so skiareas wheresnow/no-snoh situationsbut with the

der to supprewas to base

its publisheer’s premisemay note a scorrespondih occurred duffice to noteidation exerrated by the

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an occurrencin the Metegainst PIREPe idea behindion forecastmore than juby providin

al seen in Mdation is to orresponds w

the meteoro

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on are mutuented. This d gravity wresults of thufficient to p

ng bright ans that if thegorithm will illful in detee such patteow alterations, the resue goal of theess them. Ase the first rel

ed form wases, thus alsubtle changing equationduring that pe here simpl

rcise describexample ofof this pictu

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eteosat imaggive insight

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nd dark strie meteorolonot miss it.

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s incorporatllowing range in the men with the saperiod. Detaly that the tr

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; no commerc

with reasoscope here.

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mind, some mr in WV7.3 the WV7.3 c

perational Nection of thvariable ( ′) r in the mo

be obtained d already bection. The stomly from Zons:


13/51

ed with a rehensive o consult ct (ASII-from the /her from on of the

/ ripples me of the

patterns. lexander,

flies),

ihood in

d Petkov rological itable for s already ormed on based on reviewed s here:

sensitive rn in the

easily get ves. The d marine from the measures than e.g. channel.

NWCSAF he NRT between re recent from the

een taken tatus (for ZAMG’s

• A

(vvs

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ASII-NG G(which somvery thorouvisible heresought phenLooking at thas to hope many at presame analyspatterns arisin the southe

kind of evaain), it seemMeteosat dis

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W appears tetimes woul

ughly; in face…) – all renomenon. the HRVIS, that future w

esent (withousis applied sing from theast corner o

aluations wamed to be prsk.



to be a usefuld even be o

ct, it also tooegions with

there are uswork eliminut showing to the HRV

he convectioof the image

as nearing sarudent at a c


ul tool to recoverlooked bok some gre100% prob

seful complenates the falit in the Fig

VIS would on over Nore).

aturation (i.certain stage

for the e ion”

EO

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cognize the by the nakedeyscale manability are f

ementary sigse alarms w

gure, we knogenerate a

rthern Franc

e. the same e to widen th


characteristid eye if not inipulation tofound to be

gnals over Swhich in HRVow from ourstrong signe and the m

results werhe validatio


GEO-ZAMG-SCI-

tic ripples ininspecting tho make them correct hin

outhern FraVIS analyser experience

nal from themarine strato

re obtained on area and t


14/51

n WV 7.3 he image m clearly nts to the

nce. One es are too e that the e regular ocumulus

over and to go for

Figure of graviimage (tby a temactualsatisfy

2.3 RE

This chathis verconsidersubsequcomputasummergeometrseasons have bematerial

2: Case of 2ity waves, as(the colour tamperature thlly is due to ing the mathExcerpt of t

ESULTS

apter discusry day was rable sampl

uently the Mations morer and winterric pattern t

might reveeen discovelized.

Sci

27 October 2s analysed byable runs frohreshold usesuch a randhematical crthe used WV

sses results othe widesp

le of eventsMeteosat-10 eover span r situations.to depend oeal meteorolred in the



2017, 1230 y the respecom dark blueed to avoid r

dom hit that briteria for on

V7.3 image. L

obtained forpread occurs was ensur

imagery fothe whole

There is aon such factlogical situatypical Eur


UTC. Upperctive ASII-Ne = 0% to rerandom signbarely escapne image anLower panel

r the case strrence of lered. Howeveor the whole

day, the iactually not tors. Howevations leadinropean scen

for the e ion”

EO

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rmost panelNG module, v

ed=100%;thnals in thick ped the tempd disappearl: The corre

tudy of 29 Jee waves oer, as annoue disk was investigationmuch reaso

ver, lookingng to false ne. It will s


: The probav2017, on thehe black areclouds; the

perature filtering in the nesponding HR

June 2017. Tver Europeunced in thordered andn covered on to expecg to other re

alarms thatsoon be see


GEO-ZAMG-SCI-

ability-of-occe basis of th

eas are thosesignal over

ering, accidext). Middle

HRVIS image

The trigger e on that dhe precursord processeddaytime, n

ct the detectegions and t would peren that this


15/51

currence he WV7.3 e masked r Greece dentally e panel: e.

to select ay, so a

r section, d. As the ighttime, tion of a different

rhaps not s in fact

Figure 3WV7.3 ias in Fi

by t

2.3.1 2

Figure 3imageryshould b(in case see this detection

3: Case of 2image. Loweigure 2: 0%the temperat

29 June 201

3 and Figury and the Abe sufficient the detectioalso somew

n” issues, if

Sci

29 June 2017er panel: Th

% areas in dature thresho

17, 1400 U

re 4 presentASII-NG grat to look at ton algorithm

where in thef there are an



7, 1400 UTChe ASII-NG park blue; 100old to avoid r

UTC

t the overvieavity wave the regions wm fails to dee regions of ny).


C, Northern probability-0% probabilrandom sign

ew over the analysis reswhere the gretect waves

f widespread

for the e ion”

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CodeIssueFile:NPage

hemisphereof-gravity-wlity signallednals in thick

situation atsulting fromravity wave

under certad GW occur


. Upper panwave producd in red; her

k clouds are

1400 UTC,m it. For val

detection yiain circumstrrence, henc


GEO-ZAMG-SCI-

nel: The MEct; same colore the areasshown in wh

, namely thelidation purields large rtances, we ece encounter


16/51

TEOSAT our table s masked hite.

e WV7.3 rposes, it esponses expect to ring “no-

The figuscale Wtool is. Iachieve the situa1) the CBalkans

2.3.1.1 A first eSouth Aregularit

F

ures also givWV image in

In contrast, a clearer vi

ation encounCape Town s); 3) the reg

Cape Tow

evaluation reAfrica (Figuty in its feat

Sci

Figure 4: Sam

ve an imprestandard grathe images

isibility in tntered in opregion and

gion north of

wn and sout

esult was quure 5). A ftures that th



me as Figur

ession how aphical reprepresented i

the figures; perational pr

the Atlantif South Afric

thward

uickly obtainfield of marhe algorithm


re 3, but for

difficult it iesentation, ain Figure 5they therefo

ractice. In paic southwestca (~Botswa

ned by zoomrine stratoc

m responds a

for the e ion”

EO

CodeIssueFile:NPage

the southern

is to spot grand thus howff. underweore give a sarticular, thetwards; 2) Mana) exhibiti

ming in into tumulus is c

at many plac


n hemispher

ravity wave w welcome ant some colomewhat die following Mediterraneing a cluster

the Atlantic clearly seences. This so


GEO-ZAMG-SCI-

re.

e patterns inan objectivelour enhancistorted imasections zo

ean Europe r of strong si

c region soutn that exhibource of fals


17/51

n a large-e analysis ement to

age about oom in to (Spain – ignals.

thwest of bits such se alarms

was alrthresholFigure 4not filtethresholthe imag

Moving the detewith thesituationthe num16 anglethe analthe distisignals tyield fomore demagnituspectacumost ofHence, ithe probactually alarms o

1 Howevestratocumthe winteto filter.

eady highlild on WV7.34. It turns ouer the Stratold to the warge where act

to the northction algori

e signals in tn along line

mber of inveses (separatedlysis really minction vis-àthere went u

or being eligetail, a cert

ude was set ular, with a f South Afrif we go for

bability outpwant to det

originally led

F

er, sensibilizemulus also in er season tend

Sci

ighted in Ja3 that leads ut that the cocumulus inrmer side wtual gravity

heast, an arethm gave a the clouds ss in 8 differstigated angd by π/16), much more à-vis the clup as well. gible when tain magnitto 0.4 K inhigh numb

rica, and almr the densityput, Eq. 1), ttect. Compard to a too str

Figure 5: A z

ed by the examthe North Atlto have less w



ann (2017),to the maskonstant thren this case.

would have bwaves are p

ea of ripples disappointinouth of the rent angles (

gles might imthis is (of csatisfactory ouds off thAnother scrconvolved wtude of brign v2017. Thber of (subjemost no addy of the hitsthis is now ring Figure rict setting o

zoomed port

mple of Figulantic during water vapour


, and the rked regions eshold (norm. Note that been an inadpresent.

is found in ngly low nucoast). For (separated bmprove the course) indey and would he coast hasrew to turn with the usghtness fluche outcome ectively conditions in ths (which is wmuch more6 and Figu

of the thresh

rtion of the W

ure 5, we latethe Northern content in the

for the e ion”

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CodeIssueFile:NPage

remedy wasaround Ant

mally workinthe simple

dequate reac

western Souumber of hitthis diagram

by π/8). Onedetection raed observedjustify the not really is the mini

ed Gabor fictuations ∆of changin

nfirmed) wahe areas whwhat the AS favourably re 8 suggest

hold.

WV7.3 image

r detected a chemisphere w

e relevant laye


s to introduarctica in th

ng quite wellreflex to c

ction as it so

uth Africa (Fts (in particu

m, the algorie might presate over Soud but not to doubled comimproved smum responilter. As the

should beg this threshave detectionhere we hadSII-GW prod

leaning towts that the w

e of Figure 4

couple of casewinter. Apparers, which mak


GEO-ZAMG-SCI-

uce the temhe ASII-NG l over Europchange the oon discards

Figure 6), fular when cithm investisume that in

uth Africa. Ga degree tha

mputation tisince the nunse a pattere ATBD expe reached, hold to 0.1

ons popping d unwantedduct does towards the pa

wish to suppr

4.

es of disturbinrently, the maakes them mor


18/51

mperature panel of

pe1) does constant

s parts of

for which compared gates the

ncreasing Going for at makes ime (also umber of rn should plains in and this is fairly up over

d signals. o achieve attern we ress false

ng marine arine Sc in re difficult

Figsuperimpattern

Figur

igure 6: A zomposed cyann. The rippl

re 7: Same a

Sci

oomed portin lines are t

les clearly se

as Figure 6 b



on of the Wthose along ween from the

been

but the detec


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of Figure 4,etection algo

ern corner ofected.

thm run for


, southernmorithm, v201f South Afric

the twofold


GEO-ZAMG-SCI-

most Africa. T17, found a gca landward

number of a


19/51

The grating ds have

angles.

Figur

Figure g

super

re 8: Same a

9: Upper pagravity waverimposed cy

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as Figure 6 b

anel: A Euroe regions desyan lines sho



but the detecac

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parame


ction algoritccepted sign

on of the WVticular attenesults of the geter setting of

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thm being lenal.

V7.3 image otion. Lower grating dete

of v2017.


ess restrictiv

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ve on the min

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20/51

nimum

ses mark th onal”

Figuang

2.3.1.2 The anaHowevetheir whSpain, cexperimmore comore pothree mwithout occasionpenetratoccurrinin this p

2.3.1.3 Figure appearanthere cabasic fethat this“somehocertainlyconcedethem),

2 Nevertheeffort, the

ure 10: As Fgles (upper p

Europe

alysis over Eer, there are hole extensiocentral Italy

ments as in thomplete deteositive impa

mentioned “pactual rippl

nal false alate through ng near eastepart of the wo

Botswana

11 shows nce in the W

an in fact be atures of a

s is somehowow more cuy not be takee that the albut would

eless, trading ofinal decision w

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Figure 9, butpanel) and lo

Europe captucertain regi

on though thy and Bosnihe South Aection. Interact than the problem areles2 (still, th

arms incurreto the finaern Sardiniaorld that the

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the vigoroWV suggests

no doubt abgrating patt

w different fumuliform aen on board gorithm doerequire a

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t the superimooser restric

ures the numons where i

he signaturesia-Herzegovfrican case estingly, thilowering o

eas” and wihe differenceed through real product). a in Figure 1e ∆ thresho

oser look at

ous responses convectivebout it). Thetern yet somfrom the rippappearance”in the curre

es what it isnew algor

f such additionv2018 with the o


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lts are from 0.1 K) on min

ds of ripples hat surprisinlear in the imdicated by cd out in ordreasing the nerature fluctuto the additnal density requiremenby virtue

anel, we gaioo strict in v

grating searcone considerrangement oicult to grasver South Ahors used th

m by tuning for: there ar

mponent. Th

the final produg of eight tested


runs with twnimum signa

generally vg that they amages. Thescrosses in Fder to see wnumber of iuation threstional signalis again so t on the signof numerouined one clev2017.

ch over Bos the diurnaof the convesp still tells frica and Euhe term “stra parameterre parallel she intriguin

uct against the orientations.


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wofold numbal (lower pa

very well (Fiare not covese regions (iFigure 9. T

whether we cinspected anshold, at leaals incurred

pronouncednal strengthus signals sear confirma

otswana, wal variation iective cloudthe human

urope. Detecring of pearr (because onstripes and ing conclusi

additional com


21/51

ber of

anel).

igure 9). ered over in central

The same can get a ngles had ast in the

in areas d that the h will not suddenly

ation also

here the n a loop, s has the observer

cting this rls”) can ne has to it detects on from

mputational

consultinattempteregular gravity w

Figure

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ng relevanted at all. Thearrangemenwave diagno

e 11: A southlines are

other hand, cs (Young forward, pros a questionted from thes supplemenhe objective

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t literature ere is eviden

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hern Africane those along

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is, howevernce (e.g. Lanective cloudre 11 might

n portion of g which the

tures may in2), and to dn impossiblet design wheanalysis, it

al separately


r, that filterne and Zhan

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n fact origindistinguish e, from the ether one ret is an arduy or integrate

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ring these ng (2011), M

their root rect.

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cause in gr

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22/51

s not be that such s, so the

ed cyan

mospheric ainly not basically they are

ely!) and oot cause

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InterestiSEVIRIand the threefoldseen in distingumake thimage, sphenomlinkage of a suisuggestswest of where thare ripppatterns gravity when cowaves. S

e 12: Upper pl: Simultaneof the Gabonection betw

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aution againsken on 29 Ju

ution visible solution) sho

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omed portiorded Meteosad with =4 pples seen in

st filtering “une 2017, 14

(HRVIS) imows convect

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n the waves ves a glimpsn prone to grin the WV 7r inspectingshape the s

ter that dayresulting reg


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“strings of pe400 UTC. Fmage over ative cloud shough admiment apparenrate throughdisturbed vieare divided heric dyname WV imagand the cloe on the temravity wave 7.3 µm ima

g the infrarestratiform cl, it was at l

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V7.3 image ofresolution vi5π/16 is supeage and the

earls” is supFigure 12 sh

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2.6 RE

Brown, verificatAerospa

Fritts, Datmosph

Jann, A.Remote

KruizingJ. Mira &99). Ber

KruizingProc., 8

Lane, Tmesosca

Melfi Sconvecti

Petkov, detection83-96.

SharmanSpringer

Young, and morAmer. 0477(20ES54-ES(accesse

EFERENCE

B.G., and Gtion statisticace Meteoro

D.C., and Mhere. Rev. G

. (2017): DeSens., 50, 5

ga, P., and N& F. Sandovrlin: Springe

ga, P., and N, 1395-1407

T.P., and F. ales. J. Atmo

.H., and S.Pive boundar

N., and P. n of periodi

n, R., and Tr Internation

G.S., D.A.Rre. A review

Meteo002)083<099S69, availabed February

Sci

ED SCIENT

G.S. Young cs can’t be clogy, Orland

M.J. Alexaneophys., 41,

etection of g09-516. http

N. Petkov (1val (Eds.), P

er.

N. Petkov (17. doi: 10.11

Zhang (20os. Sci., 68, 2

P. Palm (20ry layer featu

Kruizinga (c and aperio

T. Lane (Ednal Switzerla

R. Kristovicw of quasi-twr. Soc97:RSWAMble on-line a2018)]



TIFIC PUBL

(2000): Vercomputed usdo, FL, 11-1

nder (2003), 1003, doi:1

ravity wavep://dx.doi.org

995): A comProc. IWANN

1999): Nonl09/83.79196

11): Couplin2582-2598.

012): Estimaures: Cloud

1997): Comodic oriented

ds.) (2016):and. doi: 10.

ch, M.R. Hjwo-dimensioc., 83

MA>2.3.CO;at https://jou


LICATIONS

rification ofsing PIREPS15 Septembe

: Gravity w10.1029/200

es in Meteosg/10.1080/2

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models of vmuli: bar and

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33/51

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urbulence 5% when 34% are

tegory 0-onsidered

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medium green in

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34/51

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When wgravity w

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35/51

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36/51

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37/51

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38/51

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39/51

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40/51

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41/51

arked in

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42/51

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l 2018, 06:00arks the axis


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43/51

bability om IASI

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PIREPs been issthe coldthe IASI

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ure 33).

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d heavy turd 15:58 UTCearly stationis also valid

were issuedlanes. All tuilities for sh32). Two ofssued for diublic). Stron

und 220 hPa

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locations


April 2018)

rbulence witC on 16 Apnary, the posd for the inv

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)

thin or nextpril 2018 by sition of theestigated tim

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strian air spffected airple folding obs2:00 – 16:00

bus A319 adirect vicinitpopause heigme position REP is loca

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44/51

ace have lanes. As served in UTC.

nd 2 not ty to the

ght in the over the

ated over cations at axis (see

high

r exact

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re 33: 16 Apnce. The pos

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pril 2018, 12sition of the

lence reportBoth PIREP

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ss section thrd in green; islow.

eastern partd turbulenceduct (see Firontal cloud indicated f

fect this area


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flight level a as can be s


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rea of the rephe 300 hPa l

a at 13:11 anhighest valund Figure 3stationary co(FL390 andeen in Figu


45/51

eported level are

nd 14:00 ues of the 35). The old front; d FL380 re 36.

Figuproba

Figuproba



Sci






locations


locations




for the e ion”

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GEO-ZAMG-SCI-




46/51

high

r exact

high

r exact

Figure 3the area

Around crossingthem cro(~220 hconvectirelated t

Figuproba

36: IR 10.8 a of the repo

14:30 UTCg the tropopossed the re

hPa) which cive developto convectiv


Sci

µm image frorted turbule

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pments furthve activity.




from Meteosaence, develop

re turbulencg zone depif high probas to the uppher increased


locations


at-11 (16 Apping Cumul

tags.

ce reports wicted in theability (> 6

per jet level d over Slov


for the e ion”

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pril 2018, 14lonimbus clo

were issued be ASII-TF p7%) for beiwith strong

venia, none



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by pilots of product (see ing a tropopg vertical wof the turb



GEO-ZAMG-SCI-

The black ddicated by or

f passenger ae Figure 37pause fold a

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47/51

dot marks range Cb

airplanes 7). All of at FL370 Although orts were

high

r exact

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Figuproba

The lastarea witturbulenturbulenVienna w

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xt turbulencny near the blity maximu


t turbulence th low probance report wnce at flightwhich is obv

0 UTC, Vieation is fallin

fields indicatetween 250 a

Sci

ce warning border to Po

um of the AS


report withabilities (bluwas issued t level 380.viously the r

enna is coveng (Figure 4

te a jet streaand 200 hPa



was issued oland. The lSII-TF produ


locations

hin this time ue) for being

at 16:00 U. The modereason for th

ered by high40). Cloud t

ak located ova (Figure 41


at 15:34 Ulocation of uct (Figure


span neverg located at aUTC over Vel analysis she observed

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for the e ion”

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UTC by a Bthe reported38).


rtheless cama tropopauseVienna and shows stronturbulence (

frontal cloudated below th

ern part of A


Boeing 777 d turbulence


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diness (up tohe indicated

Austria with


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flying overe is exactly


gion identifine (Figure 3moderate t

ear at FL38.

o 10 000 med flight level

strong verti


48/51

r eastern within a

high

r exact

fied as an 39). This o severe

80 above

eter) and l.

ical wind

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Figure


e 40: NWCSA

Sci


AF Cloud to




locations

op height and



d surface weUTC.

for the e ion”

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eather repor



rts from 16 A


GEO-ZAMG-SCI-


April 2018 a


49/51

high

r exact

at 16:00

Figurturbule

3.4 CO

Turbulenits abilideficienthe validthe presby windtemperaAlthougto identiturbulenshould b

Comparpositiondetails o2 produASII-TFregion oconfirmwhich ar

re 41: 16 Apence. The re

ONCLUSIO

nce warningity to local

ncies of this dation resultsence of tropd shear is oature gradiengh ASII-TF iify the narronce forecastibe considere

rison of thenal agreemenof the gradieuct. The caseF probabilitiof high ASIIs the resultsre the main

Sci

pril 2018, 18ed circles ind

ONS

gs from PIRlize the occvalidation

ts still confipopause foldonly indirecnts which oincludes sheow lines of ting tool, th

ed additional

e ASII-TF pnt. Visual inent structuree study at ties for 16 AI-TF probabs from the PIsource of tu



8:00 UTC: Vdicate the lo

REPs have bcurrence ofapproach (eirm a close ds. Neverthectly related on their sidear vorticity ropopause f

he adjacent rlly. This is in

product withnspection of e and seems the end of thApril 2018. bilities for bIREP cases

urbulence.


Vertical crosocation of th

been chosen f turbulenceelaborated, frelation beteless, it sho

to tropopade are direct

and wind spfolds. If the regions witn accordanc

h IASI-derithe ASII-TFmore sensit

the validatioMost severeeing locatedthat recorde

for the e ion”

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ss section thrhe reported m

to validate e in the atmfor exampletween turbululd be kept

ause folds vtly linked tpeed at 300 ASII-TF pro

th high wince with inves

ived tropopF product shtive to weakon report coe turbulenced at a tropoped turbulenc


rough the armoderate to

the ASII-TFmosphere. A, by Brownlence causedin mind tha

via the exiso the existehPa, the prooduct is inted shear at astigations by

ause gradiehows that theker gradientsompares turbe reports arepause fold. Te is closely


GEO-ZAMG-SCI-

rea of the repsevere turb

F product inAcknowled

n and Youngd by wind sat turbulencstence of hence of jet oduct has beended to be uand near jey Knox et al

ents showedhe latter depis than the IAbulence repoe located wThis case strelated to je


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eported ulence.

n view of ging the g, 2000), shear and ce caused orizontal streams.

een tuned used as a

et streaks l. (2006).

d a good icts more ASI level orts with

within the tudy also et streaks

3.5 RE

Brown, verificatAerospa

Ellrod, GVerifica

Knox, JBased o2006, Septemb

RobichaAmericahttps://w

SharmanUpper-L

Vieira, Weatherhttps://wSeptemb

WimmePaper P8Soc., At

EFERENCE

B.G., and Gtion statisticace Meteoro

G.P., and Dation and Op

.A., Ellrod, n Adjustmenhttps://ams.

ber 2018)

aud, A. (20a on www.researc

n, R., TebalLevel Turbul

A. (2005): r

www.weatheber 2018)

ers, A., and W8.1 presentetlanta, Ga. h

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