school sanitation manual

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National School Sanitation Manual

Ministries of Urban Development & Human Resource Development


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Disclaimer

Unless oherwise specifcally saed, he inormaion conained in his Manual is made available o all urban schools by he

Minisry o Urban Developmen, Minisry o Human Resource Developmen, CBSE and GZ or use o conen inormaion

and implemening green pracices in heir schools, hus ulflling he objecive o sae saniaion or all ideology. Te inen o

he Manual is o assis he school auhoriies in creaing a new environmen, which is hygienic and hus encourages a behavioural

change among he sudens.

While sincere eors have been pu orh by he Members o he Saniaion Manual Draing Commitee, neiher MoUD,MoHRD, CBSE or GZ assume any legal liabiliy or responsibiliy or he accuracy, compleeness, or useulness o any

inormaion, produc or process disclosed in his Manual.

Te views and opinions o he Members expressed herein do no necessarily sae or reec hose o MoUD, MoHRD, CBSE,

GZ or any agency or eniies hereo.

We are grateul to Ms. Kalpana Kapoor, Principal, DPS Vasundhara, Ghaziabad or providing photographs or the manual.

Advisory Group onNaional School Saniaion Iniiaive

1. Mr. S. C. KhuniaJoint Secretary,

Ministry o Human Resource Development2. Mr. A K Meha

Joint Secretary,

Ministry o Urban Development

3. Mr. J. S. MahurJoint Secretary,

Ministry o Rural Development

4. Mr. Vinee JoshiChairman and Secretary, CBSE

5. Ms. E.P. Nivedia

Director,

Ministry o Urban Development

6. Dr. Sadhana Parashar

Education Of cer, CBSE

7. Dr. J BischofPrincipal Advisor, GTZ

8. Mr. Sanjay Kumar SrivasavaSr. Advisor, GTZ

9. Mr. Y. D. MahurAdvisor, Sulabh International

10. Mr. Dayanand PanseDirector, Ecosan Services Foundation

11. Mr. Vinod iharaAdministrator, Vidya Jain Public School & DDCA,

New Delhi

School Saniaion Manual DraingCommitee

1. Mr. Vinee JoshiChairman and Secretary,

CBSE

2. Ms. E. P. NivediaDirector, Ministry o Urban Development

3. Dr. Sadhana ParasharEducation Of cer,CBSE

4. Mr. R. R. OkhandiarCCF, Madhya Pradesh Forest Department

5. Mr. Sanjay Kumar SrivasavaSr. Advisor, GTZ

6. Mr. Y. D. MahurAdvisor, Sulabh International

7. Mr. Vinod ihara

Administrator, Vidya Jain Public School & DDCA,New Delhi

8. Mr. R. S. Arun KumarCEO, Ecosan Services Foundation

9. Ms. Kalpana KapoorPrincipal, Delhi Public School,Vasundhara, Ghaziabad


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MESSAGE

I am pleased o know ha my Minisrys pioneering eor has fnally borne ruis and a ocused movemen or

Saniised India has begun wih he involvemen o he counrys children, he real Agens o Change. Te vision

o our Naional Urban Saniaion Policy is ha All Indian ciies and owns become oally saniized, healhy and

liveable and ensure and susain good public healh and environmenal oucomes or all heir ciizens wih a special

ocus on hygienic and aordable saniaion aciliies or he urban poor and women.

I hope he Saniaion Manual painsakingly produced by he eam comprising o expers and o cials o my Minisry,

Minisry o Human Resource Developmen, Minisry o Rural Developmen, CBSE and GZ, will be useul oreachers and sudens in undersanding saniaion in is proper perspecive leading o sae hygienic pracices. Te

manual is par o our iniiaive o generae desired awareness so ha a change o mindse owards saniaion can

occur and a communiy driven ransormaion can begin.

I am sure he large number o schools under urban local bodies would also benef rom he Manual. I appeal o all

he Ciy Mayors o iniiae Saniaion Drives hrough our young school going ciizens.

I wish he Naional School Saniaion Iniiaive all success.

(S. Jaipal Reddy)


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MESSAGE

Saniaion is as much abou human digniy as i is abou hygiene and disease. Te our imporan componens o

saniaion are saey, accessibiliy, aordabiliy and culural sensiiviy. Te cenraliy o saniaion o developmen

hough widely acknowledged appears o be a disan realiy given he ac ha 2.5 billion people lack access o

basic saniaion. Te impac o defcien saniaion on healh, educaion and economic developmen is proound.

Saniaion siuaion in India wih more han 35% o is populaion having defcien saniaion aciliies leaves much

o be desired. As imporan as echnological innovaion and fnancial inpus is he need or an atiudinal change o

bring abou revoluionary change on our saniaion ron. We wan our children o become he agens o change

in our atiudes o saniaion. Agains his background, he School Saniaion Manual, published as a collaboraive

eor o my Minisry, Minisry o Urban Developmen, CBSE and he GZ is an exremely laudable and imely

iniiaive. I am sure, his Manual shall go a long way o realize our dream o Saniaion or All mos expediiously

hrough our schools.

(Kapil Sibal)


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FOREWORD

In India, 30.66 million households orming 35.5 % o he oal households in he urban area do no have adequae

access o saniaion aciliies a home. Besides loss o human digniy, his sae o aairs has a severe impac on he

environmenal and healh oucomes. Lack o saniaion and unscienifc disposal o wase lead o conaminaion o

surace and ground waer. Diseases arising ou o poor saniaion ake heir oll no only in erms o human suering

bu in economic loss o he amily and he sociey. Te problem is also acue in schools, many o which lack hygiene

aciliies and sae drinking waer. Separae oiles are no available or girls. Even when hese exis, many are poorlymainained or are inadequae in number. As a resul girls absen hemselves rom classes or spells o ime or in

exreme cases hey drop ou. Tus, he adequacy o saniaion aciliies has a direc bearing on he enrollmen and

reenion o girls in schools.

Tere is anoher imporan reason or ocusing on school saniaion. In he school-going age, he human mind

is impressionable. Tose who grow up in a saisacory saniary environmen will orm good hygienic habis and

behavior in he adul sage.

Te Naional Urban Saniaion Policy was launched in 2008 wih he objecive o achieve 100% saniaion coverage

in he urban areas hrough awareness generaion and behavioural change. Educaing he young is he key o

behavioural change. So i was realized ha he ideal arge group or achieving heir naional goal is o ocus on he

school children. Te success o no obacco and no crackers campaigns in schools gives us hope in his regard.

Children o our naion would be a poen insrumen in achieving he desired saniaion goal.

So, keeping he aih on he srengh o he younger generaion, he Naional Urban Schools Saniaion Iniiaive

was launched by Dr. M. Ramachandran, Secreary, Minisry o Urban Developmen, Governmen o India, on 26h

o February 2009 in New Delhi. More han 100 schools a liaed o he Cenral Board o Secondary Educaion

(CBSE) rom all over India paricipaed. Tere was a very encouraging response, and hence i was decided o widen

he scope o he iniiaive and rechrisen i as he Naional School Saniaion Iniiaive.


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Te Advisory Group or he Iniiaive endorsed he idea o bring ou a comprehensive Naional School Saniaion

Manual and o insiue Naional School Saniaion Awards besides aking up several oher measures. In his

eor, Minisry o Urban Developmen and Minisry o Human Resource Developmen pu up a unied eor

in collaboraion wih Cenral Board o Secondary Educaion and GZ. A Baseline Survey on Naional School

Saniaion, which was conduced by GZ, was made use o while preparing he manual. Deailed sudies done byUNICEF and oher organizaions also provided inpus. Organizaions like Sulabh Inernaional, Ecosan Services

Foundaion, Pune and SEECON Inernaional, Swizerland also conribued. Aer a year o hard work and a series

o meeings, workshops and raining cum exposure visis organized by GZ, he Advisory Commitee endorsed he

School Saniaion Manual as well as he srucure o he Naional School Saniaion Awards in December 2009.

Te iniiaive inends o creae awareness generaion leading o behavioural change by ocusing on proper saniaion

and segregaion o wase and is disposal so as o achieve zero open deecaion or all school children during school

hours. Once he sudens are used o beter saniaion in he school premises, hopeully hey would spread he

message amongs heir amilies and communiy, and would ac as advocaes or change.

Under he Naional School Saniaion Iniiaive, i will be incumben on he schools o lay emphasis on personal

hygiene, proper saniaion, clean oile habis, sae drinking waer, and separae oiles or he girls and he boys,

proper disposal including recycling o wase waer, wase segregaion and composing, ood hygiene and creaion

and conservaion o green spaces. Schools and heir sudens and eachers are hus expeced o play a vial role o

atain he goals o he Naional Urban Saniaion Policy (NUSP) o become beter ciizens o he uure.

CBSE has already issued guidelines o all is a liaed schools on he Naional Urban School Saniaion Awards. I has

also made adequae saniaion aciliies in schools a requisie or all a liaed schools. A web-sie has been launched

on school saniaion o spread awareness and or exchange o inormaion on good pracices in he feld. I would likeo acknowledge he iniiaive aken and signifcan conribuion made by Shri A.K . Meha, Join Secreary, Minisry

o Urban Developmen, Shri Vinee Joshi, Chairman, CBSE, and Shri Sanjay Srivasava and Dr. J.Bischo o GZ in

his imporan endeavour having a remendous impac on he uure o environmen and healh in his counry.

I am confden ha he School Saniaion Manual would help all he schools in he counry o look a saniaion

aspecs in a new ligh and o bring abou necessary behavioural and atiudinal changes amongs he children leading

o a clean India o he uure.

(S.C. Khunia)


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able o Conens

Secion 1 - Teme o he Naional School Saniaion Iniiaive

Comprehensive School Healh Manuals: Issued by 2Cenral Board or Secondary Educaion (CBSE)

Urban School Saniaion Conroning 5

he Challenges

Naional School Saniaion Iniiaive 8

Concep o Saniaion 10

Norms or Waer and Saniaion Faciliies in Schools 12

Focal Poins and he Key Deliverables 17

Te echnological Opions in Saniaion 25

Secion 2 Aciviies or Schools

Hygiene Educaion 31

Wase Waer Cobweb Te Zero Discharge Concep 38

Susainable Waer Managemen 44

echnological Inervenions 46

Green Spaces Developmen 49

Monioring and Evaluaion 52

Secion 3 Annexures

Urban Saniaion Te Challenge and he Soluions 56

Guidelines or oiles and Saniaion Se-up 59

echnological Opions 60

Vision and Key Policy Issues o Naional Urban Saniaion Policy 87Governmen Schemes or Green Space Developmen 90

School Saniaion & Hygiene Educaion 105


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National School Sanitation Manual1

Section 1 - Theme of the

National School Sanitation Initiative


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National School Sanitation Manual 2

Comprehensive School Health Manuals: Issued by Central Board forSecondary Education (CBSE)

Te Comprehensive School Healh Manuals address a basic gap in schooling ha has crep in over he years. Tisis largely due o he ac ha school healh ends o be narrowly defned and is relegaed o sporadic healh check-

ups or in some cases a ew hours o healh insrucion in he curriculum. I is imperaive ha somehing is done

urgenly o ake up he issue o holisic healh in school curriculums which includes physical, menal, emoional

and psychological healh. Te School Healh Policy and he Manuals, propose o view healh in schools in a

holisic and inegraed manner by uilizing all possible educaional opporuniies or healh promoion including

ormal and inormal approaches in curriculum pedagogy. Providing a sae school environmen, an aciviy oriened

healh educaion curriculum o avoid healh-relaed risk behaviour, ensuring physical fness aciviies and spors,

providing nuriious snacks in he school caneen, ensuring access o primary healh care services, inegraed amily

and communiy aciviies and a sa healh promoion policy are some o he expecaions ha a school shouldulfll as was advised earlier in a circular issued o all schools regarding he seting up o Healh Clubs. Besides his,

he sae and appropriae disposal o wase and conservaion o green spaces are he main objecives o his Manual.

A Summary o he Healh Manuals ha have been issued by CBSE.

A Healh Promoing School srives o provide a healhy environmen conducive o School Healh Educaion and

School Healh Services along wih school/communiy projecs and oureach opporuniies or physical educaion

and recreaion, and sae hygienic pracices. School Healh and Wellness Clubs can become he ocal poin o he

school healh promoion campaign which would encompass he enire school environmen and become a school


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campus aciviy. A checklis or a Healh Promoing School is included so ha schools can monior heir own School

Healh Plans. Te responsibiliies o he adminisraors, principals, eachers, counselors and communiy leaders are

also delineaed. Monioring, evaluaion and susainabiliy o he Healh Plan in each school is exremely essenial.

Fac shees regarding a Healh Promoing School, ocusing resources on eecive school healh and improving school

perormance hrough healh promoion are oher imporan areas ha have been deal wih in his Manual.Personal and Environmenal Hygiene Aciviies in schools emphasize he need o ensure ha children ollow clean

and regular habis regarding bahing, bowel movemens, sleeping, oral hygiene, nails and hair. Once personal hygiene

becomes a par o he regular sysem he child will look orward o having a cleaner and healhier environmen.

Te Behaviour and Lie Skills Secion ocuses on bringing abou awareness and an in-deph undersanding o

behavioural issues and ocuses on how eachers can inuence a childs academic perormance and social developmen.

Te Manual atemps o orge clariy abou saniaion among he eachers o aciliae he childs learning progress.

Te objecive o he aciviies is o improve he sel-managemen and coping skills o a child which could help him

or her emerge as an individual well equipped o handle saniaion issues.

Te Manuals issued by CBSE so ar are holisic in heir approach as hey deal no only wih physical healh bu also

menal, social, emoional and spiriual hough processes. Teir uniqueness lies in heir paricipaive and ineracive

approach. Te aciviies menioned can be easily incorporaed in he classroom ransacion keeping in mind ha

hands-on learning is inernalized aser han convenional learning. I is also recommended ha eachers modiy or

cusomize he aciviies according o heir social, culural and demographic needs.

Te CBSE has also underaken a Global School Healh Survey across dieren ypes o schools in various pars o

he counry. Tis has been done o collec daa on healh behavior and proecive acors ha aec he immediae

and long-erm healh saus o young children. Te resuls rom he survey will help in policy ormulaion a he

local and naional levels. Te eedback once analyzed will also help o urher enhance undersanding o proecive

healh acors.

Te Naional School Saniaion Manual: Te Baseline Survey and Sudy by GZ

Te baseline survey noed ha saniaion and wase managemen issues need o be given more emphasis in

he Manuals and he aims and objecives o he School Healh and Wellness clubs need o be reoriened oward

saniaion, wase segregaion and sae hygiene pracices besides oher acors relaed o saniaion like wase waer

recycling ec.

On he behes o MoUD, MoHRD,

and CBSE, GZ, in collaboraion

wih he Ecosan Services

Foundaion, Pune, conduced a

baseline survey on he exising healh

and saniaion scenario in schools.

Tis baseline survey is he frs sep

o acion owards improvemens o

he waer, saniaion and hygiene/

healh siuaion o he school and


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communiy. Baseline surveys need o be conduced a he very iniial sage o he programme o assess he exising

siuaion o waer, saniaion, healh

and hygiene saus, o undersand

he pracices, radiional belies,

and o ideniy he appropriaemeasures ha can be considered or

uure plans. As desired by MoUD

and MoHRD, on behal o GZ,

Ecosan Services Foundaion, Pune,

carried ou he baseline survey in

hree ciies Bangalore, Pune and

New Delhi spanning 41 schools and

over 32,000 sudens.

Te fndings rom he baseline survey are incorporaed as he basis or developing he Naional School SaniaionManual. I addresses key issues relaed o waer, saniaion and hygiene, so as o provide schools a deailed documen

or implemening waer and saniaion pracices in heir insiuions in an e cien, eecive and environmenally

riendly way.

Objecives o he Baseline Survey

Te objecives o he baseline survey were o

1. Collec inormaion on awareness abou saniaion, healh and hygiene and also ascerain he exen o is

pracice

2. Collec inormaion on he curren sae o waer availabiliy and usage , and he saniaion and healh/hygiene

saus o he school in erms o adequacy, mainenance, availabiliy and limiaions

3. Prepare an appropriae plan o acion based on he baseline inormaion o improve he saniary and healh/

hygiene pracices o sudens and use he inormaion o enrich he Naional School Saniaion Manual

4. Use he inormaion as he baseline index o measure he progress made in saniaion, healh and hygiene

improvemen.

Some o he oucomes rom he baseline survey or he uure course o acion are provided below:

Build and promoe awareness raising programmes and capaciy building programs a he managemen levels.

Build and promoe regional leadership opporuniies in schools ha express an ineres in leading his iniiaive,

hus developing nodal cenres or capaciy building and hand-holding or oher surrounding schools. Develop echnological opions in line wih he curren saus and uure expansion, boh in erms o heir

srengh as well as he poenial o opimize he reuse and recycling conceps o wase managemen.

Ensure ha rainwaer harvesing is made an inegral par o he overall saniaion scenario.

Develop skill based learning approaches in line wih he capaciies o he schools o ake hem up as par o he

regular curriculum.

Coninuous suppor and hand-holding will be required during he iniial monhs o he upgrading process, aer

which monioring and evaluaion should be regularized.


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1. Urban School Sanitation Confronting the Challengesoday in India 30.66 million urban households or 35.49 percen o all urban households suer inadequae access

o saniaion aciliies and eiher deecae in he open or use shared communiy lavaories. Besides being an issue

o human digniy, his pracice resuls in he unsae disposal o human excrea which has a severe impac on

environmenal and healh oucomes. Te inadequae and unsaniary disposal o excrea leads o conaminaion o

ground and surace waer. Te loss due o diseases arising ou o poor saniaion or children under 14 years o age in

urban areas alone is esimaed a Rs. 500 crores a 2001 prices. A relaed concern is ha o manual scavenging which

has no been eliminaed in our counry even 60 years aer Independence. Te Naional Urban Saniaion Policy

(NUSP) was ormulaed by he Minisry o Urban Developmen, Governmen o India and was launched in he year

2008 which was declared he Inernaional Year o Saniaion by he Unied Naions.

Te vision or Urban Saniaion in India is, All Indian ciies and owns become oally saniized, healhy and livable

and ensure and susain good public healh and environmenal oucomes or all heir ciizens wih a special ocus on

hygienic and aordable saniaion aciliies or he urban poor and women.One o he key policy issues is o improve awareness regarding he linkage o saniaion wih public healh hrough

communiy driven iniiaives, and achieve he overall policy goal o ransorming urban India ino oally saniized,

healhy and livable ciies and owns.

Te specifc goals which need o be me are:

Awareness generaion and behavioural change

Open deecaion ree ciies

Focus on saniaion and wase managemen

oal Saniaion Campaign (SC)

oal Saniaion Campaign is a comprehensive programme o ensure saniaion aciliies in rural areas wih broader goal

o eradicae he pracice o open deecaion. SC as a par o reorm principles was iniiaed in 1999 when Cenral Rural

Saniaion Programme was resrucured making i demand driven and people cenered. I ollows a principle o low o

no subsidy where a nominal subsidy in he orm o incenive is given o rural poor households or consrucion o oiles.

SC gives srong emphasis on Inormaion, Educaion and Communicaion (IEC), Capaciy Building and Hygiene

Educaion or eecive behaviour change wih involvemen o PRIs, CBOs, and NGOs ec. Te key inervenion areas

are Individual household larines (IHHL), School Saniaion and Hygiene Educaion (SSHE), Communiy Saniary

Complex, Anganwadi oiles suppored by Rural Saniary Mars

(RSMs) and Producion Ceners (PCs). Te main goal o he GOI

is o eradicae he pracice o open deecaion by 2010. o give

fllip o his endeavor, GOI has launched Nirmal Gram Puraskar

o recognize he eors in erms o cash awards or ully covered

PRIs and hose individuals and insiuions who have conribued

signifcanly in ensuring ull saniaion coverage in heir area o

operaion. Te projec is being implemened in rural areas aking

disric as a uni o implemenaion.

FountainheadSolutionsPvt.Ltd.


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Te Minisry o Urban Developmen (MoUD), Minisry o Human Resource Developmen (MoHRD), Cenral

Board o Secondary Educaion (CBSE), and GZ have now joined hands again o launch a unique Naional School

Saniaion Iniiaive covering he enire counry.

Te Naional Urban Saniaion Policy envisions ha, All Indian Ciies and owns become oally saniized, healhy and

livable and ensure and susain good public healh and environmenal oucomes or all heir ciizens wih a special ocus

on hygienic and aordable saniaion aciliies or he urban poor and women.

Educaing hem young is one

heme which has every chance o

success in his endeavour.

Schools and sudens can play a very

vial role in ataining he goals under

he NUSP and hus making is vision

a realiy. Schools are considered o

be he mos imporan and basic

links which have a defnie reach o

he parens, individual amilies and

consequenly he communiy. I is

a universal ac ha children are ar

more recepive o new ideas and are

defniely a an age when hey can be

inuenced o culivae good hygienic habis. Te promoion o personal hygiene and environmenal saniaion wihinschools can help he children o adop good habis during he ormaive years o heir childhood and adolescence.

Te need o his Iniiaive is highlighed by he exising scenario o a general pauciy o sae hygienic aciliies in

schools which oen lack sae drinking waer provisions and oiles and urinals. Separae oile aciliies or girls do

no even exis in many schools. Where hey do exis hey are so poorly mainained or so ew in number, ha mos

children do no use hem. Insead hey relieve hemselves in inappropriae places which could be a sinking corner

o he school compound or even ouside he school. In his scenario, he growing girls normally have o endure his

hardship, and his oen resuls in hem dropping ou o school or being absen aer recess when hey go home and

do no reurn o school.

Saniaion aciliies have a direc bearing on enrolmen and reenion o girls in schools. Lack o separae and sae saniary aciliies

or girls has been a acor in discouraging parens fom sending girls o school and conribues o heir dropping ou o school,

especially adolescen girls. Growing girls nd i di cul o atend schools ha have no or a ew badly mainained aciliies. Tus i is

criical o have separae oile aciliies or girl sudens.


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We mus realize ha odays children are born in he pos-liberalizaion era o India and are mosly unaware o wha

India was like in he pre-liberalizaion era. Children oday are he ones who live, see, realize and experience he sark

conrass o urban lie, especially in he municipal and saniaion services. I we analyze he real ime siuaion, i is

seen ha mos o he children are no ye a uen enough o go o hose schools which have beter saniaion aciliies.

Moreover, i is also seen ha mos o he schools including he schools having he bes o buildings and aciliies dono necessarily pracice sae saniaion, wase segregaion and is sae disposal. So he learning opporuniy is missed

by he children o his new era as well.

Many schools are ye o ollow he Healh Manual prescripions which he CBSE has issued. Tere is a need o

recharge and rejuvenae he School Healh and Wellness Clubs.

In implemening he Naional School Saniaion Iniiaive, apar rom eachers and sudens, he schools Healh and

Wellness Clubs are o play a very vial role. Tere is a need o provide a guiding orce o ge hem going and acivae

hem which would come by way o he provisions laid ou in he Naional School Saniaion Manual.

Te main objecive o he Iniiaive is he eecive awareness generaion among he school children leading o

behavioural change as envisaged in he Naional Urban Saniaion Policy hrough hygiene educaion owards he

issues peraining o improved saniaion, including personal and environmenal hygiene, wase segregaion and

recycling hrough he concep o he 3 Rs (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle).

Tus, he Iniiaive mainly ocuses on saniaion, wase segregaion and hygiene educaion and aims a real ime

echnological inervenions and suppor, besides basic daa gahering which orms he par o he process or needs

assessmen sudies as he frs requiremen. Tus he iniiaive goes beyond earlier eors in erms o scope, aims and

implemenaion, and his makes his a unique and ground breaking iniiaive.


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2. National School Sanitation InitiativeBased on he oucomes o he baseline survey and he deliberaions o he Members o he Manual Draing

Commitee, he specifc goals which need o be me are:

a. Awareness Generaion and Behavioural Change: In order o achieve he goal o behavioural change amongchildren i is imporan ha general awareness abou saniaion issues is improved. I is imporan or children

o undersand he vial link beween saniaion and heir healh and immune sysems. Te idea is o promoe

a mechanism which will bring abou and susain behavioural changes aimed a adopion o healhy saniaion

pracices.

In a nushell, he main objecive o he Iniiaive is he eecive awareness generaion among school children

leading o behavioural change as envisaged in he Naional Urban Saniaion Policy hrough educaion owards

he issues peraining o sae saniaion, personal and social hygiene and wase segregaion and recycling hrough

he concep o he hree Rs ( Reduce, Reuse and Recycle).

b. Open Deecaion Free Ciies: One o he major aims o he policy is o achieve open deecaion ree ciies

and a number o measures have been prescribed or his which include adequae availabiliy and he complee

upkeep and managemen o public saniaion aciliies in all urban areas.

c. Focus on Saniaion and Wase Segregaion: Tis Iniiaive ocuses on saniaion and wase segregaion and

relies on real ime echnological inervenions and suppor, besides daa gahering which is a par o he process

or needs assessmen and is he frs requiremen.

Sae saniaion is he main componen o he Iniiaive. Here, i will be imporan o ensure ha he saniaion sysems

already exising in schools are improved/creaed and brough o a level where i becomes oally hygienic o use

hem. Te wase generaed should be disposed o/recycled saely wih e cien waer use and wihou any kind o


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conaminaion o any naural resources or endangering he healh o he school children in any manner, and wihou

compromising on he aesheics. Te MoUD, MoHRD, CBSE and GZ would ake necessary seps o ensure he

success o his venure.

I is expeced ha hrough hese measures he Iniiaive would also lead o appropriae inervenions in saniaion

managemen so as o achieve ecological saniaion which is socially accepable, economically easible, environmenallysound, and echnically appropriae in an conex. Ecological saniaion ensures ha human excrea and wase waer

are seen as resources which can be recovered, reaed where necessary and saely reused. I aims a esablishing zero

discharging sysems.

For his here is a need o saniize our schools frs and urn he school campus ino eco-cenres where he 3 R s concep

o Reduce, Reuse and Recycle can eecively be used and demonsraed paricularly organic wase managemen (or

example wases rom hosels) and wase waer recycling, so ha hey become a role model or he schools in he semi

urban and oher areas.

Simple measures like rain waer harvesing and energy e ciency can ulimaely urn he schools ino eco-sensiive

schools comprising o hundreds o young

eco-managers. Tis can be emulaed by oher

schools ha can aord o do so, mosly in

he privae secor and under he umbrella o

he Governmen, boh Cenral and Sae, so

ha a sel susaining sysem can be evolved o

mee he expenses in he proposed endeavor.

Te poin which needs o be emphasized and

publicized is ha sae and hygienic saniaion

is no a cosly aair. I is a low cos proposiion

he success o which depends on he atiude

and mind se o he communiy a large.

Wase segregaion measures will be underaken

across all schools and a special awareness

campaign will be launched o induce

behavioural change a a recepive age by

argeing young school children so ha hey

can inculcae he habi o sae and hygienicsaniaion pracices and wase disposal hrough

proper wase segregaion.

School is he key ool or cogniive, creaive and social developmen o children. So School Saniaion and Hygiene Educaion

is considered essenial or a proeced, shelered and healhy environmen or children o learn beter and ace he challenges

o uure lie.


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3. Concept of SanitationSaniaion is one o he basic deerminans o he qualiy o lie and human developmen index. Te concep o

saniaion was earlier limied o disposal o human excrea and consrucion o lavaories. oday i includes

personal hygiene, sae waer, human excrea disposal, wase waer disposal, solid wase disposal, ood hygiene and

environmenal saniaion (in and around he school). Te componens o saniaion are as ollows:

a. Personal Hygiene

Besides general aspecs o cleanliness or children he key issue is hand washing beore handling ood and aer

using he oile. Tis can resul in a subsanial reducion in he incidence o diseases like diarrhoea ec.

b. Sae Drinking Waer

Drinking waer or children should always be aken rom a sae waer source. Te waer should be colleced,

sored and used hygienically eliminaing any chance o conaminaion.

c. Human Excrea Disposal /oiles

As human excrea is responsible or he ransmission o several diseases, a saniaion barrier by way o anappropriae oile and a sae disposal sysem is necessary o break he chain o ransmission o disease.

d. Disposal o Wase Waer

Wase waer accumulaion in he school campus leads o he breeding o vecors which are responsible or

ransmission o diseases. Te managemen o wase waer (or recycling and reuse) is necessary o eliminae his

hrea. I also educaes children abou he imporance o waer.

e. Waerless Urinals

Tese urinals need o be popularized as no only do hey save precious waer bu also serve as an excellen

example and il lusrae alernaive mehods o eecive waer conservaion.

Wase reamen Cycle

Garbage collecion bins/bags Garbage bags ransporaion

Wase Source


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. Solid Wase Managemen

Wase segregaion and disposal is imporan or he school. Accumulaion o wase paricularly organic wase

is no only unaesheic bu leads o he breading o insecs such as ies ec. which help in disease ransmission.

Measures such as vermi-composing, radiional-anaerobic composing or bio-dynamic quick composing are

quie popular.

g. Food Hygiene

Food which is cooked, sored, or served o children in schools should be done under hygienic condiions in

order o minimize he chances o conaminaion and disease ransmission.

h. Environmenal Saniaion

Proper cleanliness should be mainained wihin he school buildings (classrooms corridors ec.) as well as

wihin he school campus.

Wase Recovery Recycling

Re-use

Processing ino

new maerials Markeing


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4. Norms for Water and Sanitation Facilities in Schools

Deermining he Needa. School oiles

o begin any school oile design exercise, i is frs imporan o esablish he need and hen ollow he norms or

provision o aciliies. Te norms or school oiles, urinals and washing aciliies have been defned in he Naional

Building Code (NBC). However, i should be noed ha he norms mus be simple, pragmaic and based on:

Field experience o he ground siuaion(s)

Observed patern o usage o hese aci liies

Mehods ha connec direcly wih planning o school classrooms and oher inrasrucure provisions (planned

or muliples o 40 children)

For example, in mos day-

schools he requency o use

o urinals is much higher

han oiles as compared o

residenial schools. Mos

norm based calculaions

are envisaged or peak

load siuaions o usage.

I such peak imes can be

ose by creaive planning

o he ime able, he

provision o inrasrucure

may be opimized wihou

compromising on qualiy. For

example, i in larger schools,

he lunch break is saggered or primary and middle schools, he number o urinals and oiles o be provided may be

reduced wihou causing any inconvenience and ensuring beter uilizaion o available resources. Hence, one oile

or every 80 children has been suggesed.

I is also noiced ha school oiles are being consruced across he counry wihou ollowing any clearly defned

norms. Cerain crieria need o be kep in mind while deciding on he number o and provisions provided o a

srucure. Tere are sudies on queuing ime or oiles is schools and how many oiles and urinals should be made

available according o he number o sudens (boh boys and girls). Te ollowing norms have been developed or

school saniaion keeping he above crieria in mind. Separae ables have been prepared or non-residenial schools

and residenial schools since he paterns o usage dier in boh he cases.


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Norms or provisioning o SSHE aciliies (or day schools wihou residenial aciliy)

Sr. No. Provision head* Numbers o be provided Remarks

Girls oile

1. Girls oile 1 uni or every 40 girls + Day school wihou residenial aciliy.

squating pan* lady eacher

2. Girls oile or CWSN A leas 1 uni in a girls In case only 1 girls oile is needed in a

oile block school, his single oile mus be designed

or CWSN#. In case more oiles are

needed, he ohers need no caer

o CWSN.

3. Wash ap in girls oile* 1 ap in each oile Locaed convenienly or use by children

as well as aduls.

4. Clohes hanging hook* Hooks in each oile A leas 2 hooks a dieren child

accessible

heighs suiable or a 5 year old child o

an adul.

5. Niche in wall* 1 niche in each oile Recessed in he wall o keep saniary

napkins.

6. Venilaion arrangemen* 1 opening or venilaion Size 450x450mm a a heigh and locaion

in each oile ha allows sunligh o penerae or a ew

hours in a day or sel drying.

7. Door* 1 door in each WC Door o be 2100mm high wih child

accessible laching arrangemen.

Girls Urinal

8. Girls Urinal* 1 urinal or every 20 girls Wih pariions. wo minues waiing/queuing ime or using he aciliy

a peak hours.

9. Sel cleaning sysem 1 ushing sysem in Any ushing sysem ha washes he soiled

each urinal surace wih minimal waer is accepable.

Use o recycled waer is desirable. Use o

sandard urinal or oile ush is no

compulsory.

10. Venilaion arrangemen* 1 opening or venilaion Heigh and locaion ha allows

in each urinal sunligh o reach he oor or ew

hours in a day or sel drying.

11. Screen door 1 door or each urinal Screen door o be 1500mm high wih

child-accessible laching arrangemen.

# Children Wih Special Needs.


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Boys oile

12. Boys oile 1 uni or every 80 boys Day school, wihou residenial aciliy.

squating pan* + male eacher

13. Boys oile or CWSN A leas 1 uni in a boys In case only 1 boys oile is needed

oile block in a school, his single oile mus bedesigned or CWSN. In case more

oiles are needed, he ohers need

no caer o CWSN.

14. Wash ap in boys WC* 1 ap in each WC Locaed convenienly or child as well

as adul use.

15. Clohes-hanging hook* 2 hooks in each WC Hooks a dieren child-accessible

heighs rom 5 year old child o adul.

16. Venilaion arrangemen* 1 opening or venilaion Size 450x450mm a a heigh and

in each oile locaion ha allows sunligh o penerae

or ew hours in a day or sel drying.

17. Door* 1 door in each WC Door o be 2100mm high wih child

accessible laching arrangemen.

Boys Urinal

18. Boys Urinal* 1 urinal or every 20 boys Wih pariions

+ male eacher

19. Sel cleaning sysem 1 ushing sysem in Any ushing sysem ha washes he

each urinal soiled surace and works wih minimal

waer is accepable. Use o recycled

waer is desirable. Use o sandard urinal

or oile ush is no compulsory.

20. Venilaion arrangemen* 1 opening or venilaion Heigh and locaion ha allows sunligh

in each urinal o penerae o he we wall/urinal pan

and oor or a ew hours in a day or

sel drying.

Hand Wash

21. Hand wash Minimum o 2. One Can be provided (oile/urinal)*

wash ap or every 20 as common/separae or girls and

children boys oile blocks.

22. Hand wash MDM Minimum o 3. One wash o be provided near MDM kichen.

kichen* ap or every 20 children Preerably, should be segregaed and

hereaer separae rom oile hand wash or

hygiene purposes.

23. Soap ray wih soap* 1 wih every wo wash aps Soap ype can be according o easibiliy.

24. Mirror 1 in each hand wash uni

25. Wash waer sorage ank* Minimum 500 lires or a Subsequen calculaion @5 lires

school o up o 100. per child.

children Te ank capaciy does no include a

buer sorage reserve in case

o emergency.


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Norms or provisioning o SSHE aciliies (or residenial schools wih boarding aciliy)

Sr. No. Provision head* Numbers o be provided Remarks

Girls oile

26 Girls oile 1 uni or every 20 girls + Residenial school wih boarding aciliy.

squating pan* lady eacher/supervisor

Boys oile

27. Boys oile 1 uni or every 20 boys + Residenial school wih boarding aciliy.

squating pan* gen eacher/supervisor

I may be noed ha provisions menioned in 26 and 27 will replace provision menioned in 1 and 12All marked wih * are essenial and mandaory.

Te ollowing mus be noed:

I is mandaory o make separae oiles or girls in he school. Special and exclusive provisions or girls andladies mus be made in hese oiles.

Exclusive oiles mus be avoided alogeher or eachers or head masers/misresses. oiles should have a

universal design approach or use by children, CWSN as well as aduls.

In he spiri o inclusive educaion, oile designs mus be developed wih he assumpion han CWSN

are atending and will atend he schools in larger numbers in imes o come. Under he ac Persons wih

Disabiliies (Equal Opporuniies, Proecion o Righs and Full Paricipaion) enaced by he Governmen o

India in January 1996

and passed by he

Indian Parliamen,

i is mandaory haameniies in school

are accessible o each

CWSN. Te design

mus address he needs

o he ypes o CWSN

atending school and a

leas one oile and one

urinal in he boys and

in he girls oile blocks

mus be accessible o

CWSN.

b. Drinking Waer Provision

In a school, provision o drinking waer mus be made as per he ollowing norms. Te acual requiremen may vary

according o he climaic condiions, physiological needs and oher acors.


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Norms or Drinking Waer

Drinking Waer

1. Sae Drinking A leas 1 source inside he A dedicaed sae drinking waer source or

Waer Source school premises, irrespecive o a school is a mus. Hand pump wih a orce

wheher here is anoher one li is desirable or liing waer. Poabiliy

ouside or near he school o waer o be esed or saey as per he

campus. prescribed schedule. Source o be locaed

a leas 10 meres away rom oile soak pi.

2. Waer Sorage Minimum 500 lire ank Te ank capaciy assumes a buerank or every 100 children sorage reserve in case o emergency

including buer reserve. or mainenance work, ec. or woA leas 5 lires per child o days.be provided.

All marked wih * are essenial and mandaory.

Drinking waer may be provided hrough any o he ollowing modes:

1. esed hand pump, bore well or any oher radiional waer srucure.

2. Piped drinking waer supply based on ground or surace waer.

3. Rain harvesed waer (aer i has been reaed and ound sae or drinking).

able : Saniary ftings or Schools (Exrac rom IS:8827 1978 published by Indian Sandards Insiue)

Fimens Pre-schools Primary & Primary & Sa

Secondary Secondary

schools (Boys) Schools (Girls)

Waer closes 1 per 15 1 per 40 1 per 25 1 per 30sudens or par sudens or par sudens or par members or parhereo hereo hereo hereo

Urinals No specifed 1 per 20 Squating plae No specifedsudens or par urinals 1 per 20hereo sudens or par

hereo

Drinking waer 1 per every 50 1 per every 50 1 per every 50 1 per every 50 orounains sudens or par sudens or par sudens or par par hereo

hereo hereo hereoAbluion aps 1 in each waer close and 1 waer ap wih draining

arrangemens shall be provided or every 50 sudensor par hereo in heviciniy o waer closes and urinals.

Norms or Drinking Waer

Drinking Waer

1. Sae Drinking A leas 1 source inside he A dedicaed sae drinking waer source or

Waer Source school premises, irrespecive o a school is a mus. Hand pump wih a orce

wheher here is anoher one li is desirable or liing waer. Poabiliy

ouside or near he school o waer o be esed or saey as per he

campus. prescribed schedule. Source o be locaed

a leas 10 meres away rom oile soak pi.

2. Waer Sorage Minimum 500 lire ank Te ank capaciy assumes a buerank or every 100 children sorage reserve in case o emergency

including buer reserve. or mainenance work, ec. or woA leas 5 lires per child o days.be provided.

All marked wih * are essenial and mandaory.

Drinking waer may be provided hrough any o he ollowing modes:

1. esed hand pump, bore well or any oher radiional waer srucure.

2. Piped drinking waer supply based on ground or surace waer.

3. Rain harvesed waer (aer i has been reaed and ound sae or drinking).

able : Saniary ftings or Schools (Exrac rom IS:8827 1978 published by Indian Sandards Insiue)

Fimens Pre-schools Primary & Primary & Sa

Secondary Secondary

schools (Boys) Schools (Girls)

Waer closes 1 per 15 1 per 40 1 per 25 1 per 30sudens or par sudens or par sudens or par members or parhereo hereo hereo hereo

Urinals No specifed 1 per 20 Squating plae No specifedsudens or par urinals 1 per 20hereo sudens or par

hereo

Drinking waer 1 per every 50 1 per every 50 1 per every 50 1 per every 50 orounains sudens or par sudens or par sudens or par par hereo

hereo hereo hereoAbluion aps 1 in each waer close and 1 waer ap wih draining

arrangemens shall be provided or every 50 sudensor par hereo in heviciniy o waer closes and urinals.


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5. Focal Points and the Key Deliverables

Te key deliverables based on he above saed conceps o saniaion are summarized below.

5.1 Hygiene Educaion Inculcaion o basic and sae hygiene habis among school children hrough various educaive and demonsraive

means

Sae hygiene pracices in he schools

Developmen o wase segregaion habis among school children

Capaciy building and raining o school eachers on saniaion and wase managemen pracices

Orienaion o he school curriculum

owards sae saniaion, healh and

hygiene srenghening using projec

assignmens and eecive marking

and grinding .

Focus on Wase Managemen and

Sae Saniaion issues by Healh and

Wellness Clubs in and he schools

Focus on Wase Managemen and Sae

Saniaion issues in CBSEs Liesyle

Managemen raining Programme

Focus on Wase Managemen and Sae

Saniaion in he MoUDs domain. Susainable Wase Waer Managemen Concep orBoarding Schools

Biogas

Agriculure

ww reamen

WaerNuriens


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5.2 Wase Waer Cobweb Te Zero Discharge Concep Wase waer recycling measures in schools

Spilled waer managemen rom wash basins and waer closes

Appropriae echnological inervenions or wase waer recycling

Use o grey wase waer

Conservaion o green spaces

5.3 Susainable Waer Managemen Esablishmen o waer harvesing srucures a appropriae places wihin he school premises

Waer conservaion and judicious use o waer

Awareness regarding sae drinking waer and is up keep

Iniiaion o innovaive approaches in waer conservaion

5.4 echnological Inervenions echnological inervenions in he improvemen o he exising saniaion/oile sysems in he needy schools

in a region specifc (geographical) manner

Waerless oiles and urinals

Separae and sae oiles or girl sudens

Esablishmen o recycling oriened wase waer managemen sysems

Esablishmen o aciliies or vermi-composing and oher mehods o uilizing organic kichen wase depending

upon he specifc siuaion

echnological inervenions or recycling oriened

wase waer managemen, wase segregaion and

bio-gas generaion

Rain waer harvesing srucures

Ground waer recharge mehodologies

Inervenion owards he esablishmen o he

decenralized wase waer reamen sysem

Proper bio-medical wase managemen in school

clinics Elaboraion o sraegies or naion-wide

disseminaion o susainable saniaion conceps.

Bio Dynamic Wase Segregaion

Vermi-composing


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5.5 Green Spaces DevelopmenBenefs o he Green Spaces

In he ques or healhy, livable and susainable ciies, green spaces wih rees as a major componen has a vial role o

play. I no only does provide a breahing space and an area or relaxing in leisure ime, i reshens up air and provides

a viable opion or games and recreaion as well.

School Green Spaces provide many conribuions o healh, hygiene and ecological sysem. I promoes ecological

lieracy and environmenal sewardship among sudens, eachers, parens and he surrounding communiy. I helps

in mainaining a healhy school environmen by providing clean air, waer and soil.

Linkages beween ecological saniaion and green spaces

Undersanding he direc and indirec advanages o green spaces in he overall improvemen o he school

environmen

5.6 Monioring and Evaluaion Periodic reviews a he Cenral Governmen level hrough he Advisory Commitee on Naional School

Saniaion

Regular monioring, reporing and assessmen

Esablishmen o online real ime monioring sysems

Healh and Wellness Club quarerly repors

Designing o road map and milesones

Impac assessmen

Independen monioring and evaluaion by CBSE/ MoUD/ MoHRD/ GZ

5.7 Inerace wih he Urban Local Bodies Several schools are run by urban local bodies (ULBs) and hese ULBs will exend his iniiaive o hem.

Te ULBs will make a special eor o be in direc ouch wih he schools and ensure ha sae and e cien

sewage disposal is being ollowed in and around he schools.

5.8 Insiuion Building hrough

Paricipaory Approach Susainable Saniaion: Esablishmen o

Operaion and Mainenance mechanism in a

school and region specifc manner.

Exposure visis o appropriae places like

Jungle Lodges, EcoSan ceners, ec. or learning

experiences in eco-saniaion in naure and

culural heriage.


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. Recognizing

Excellence in School

Saniaion Managemen

Acive and susained paricipaion o parens and guardians in he endeavor.

Workshops and seminars or eachers, knowledge disseminaion and sharing o inormaion as well as echnical

know-how

Susained naionwide awareness campaign or ecological saniaion, wase and waer managemen hrough

prin, elecronic and visual media Esablishmen o he Naional level Awards and Prizes or he perorming schools


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5.9 Naional School Saniaion Awards: TemeOne o he mos eecive ways o meeing he aims o he Naional Urban Saniaion Policy o he Governmen o

India is o inculcae good saniaion habis amongs he children and he bes way o sar his is rom he schools.

Te Minisry o Urban Developmen, Minisry o Human Resource Developmen, Cenral Board o Secondary

Educaion (CBSE) and GZ have joined hands in his unique Naional Iniiaive on School Saniaion and an annual

Naional School Saniaion Award (NSSA) has been insiued by Minisry o Urban Developmen (MoUD), and

Minisry o Human Resource Developmen (MoHRD), Governmen o India, in collaboraion wih he Cenral

Board o Secondary Educaion (CBSE) and German echnical Cooperaion (GZ) o inspire and acquain, and

celebrae excellence in school saniaion.

Tese Awards are insiued wih he purpose o honouring schools, educaion boards and insiuions up o he

Secondary level, and also o recognize and appreciae he parners-in-change or example he corporae secor,

insiuions and non-governmenal organizaions (NGOs) ec., ha assis hem in aking signifcan seps owards

eecive saniaion and improvemen in service delivery leading o behavioural change.

I consider he School Saniaion Iniiaive highly signican and dieren because i recognizes and atemps o do somehing abou

he human and behavioural aspecs o saniaion which are as imporan as he engineering issues. Te batle or sae saniaion, as

in he case o many oher issues has also o be ough in he minds o people by bringing abou awareness generaion and behavioural

change and here can be no beter opion or doing so oher han insilling he righ values in our children who will be omorrows

ciizens.

---- M. Ramachandran

Secreary (Urban Developmen), Minisry o Urban Developmen,

Governmen o India


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Urban Schools Lead he Way o Sae Saniaion

A he sar o he new Millennium, despie all

he progress repored in recen decades, people

sill live wihou access o saniaion aciliies

and are unable o pracice basic hygiene.

Diseases relaed o poor saniaion and waer

availabiliy cause many people o all ill or even

die. Children are he mos vulnerable o healh

hazards and consequenly are aeced he mos.

While he impac o poor saniaion and hygiene

is known o be disasrous or small children, ialso has an impac on he healh o school-age

children including adolescens.

Te lack o saniaion and hygiene is a public

disaser ha deserves he highes prioriy. Te problem needs o be ackled by making improvemens o

saniaion aciliies. However such improvemens mus go hand-in-hand wih hygiene behavior change, i he

ransmission o diseases is o be prevened. Access o saniaion aciliies is a undamenal righ ha saeguards

healh and human digniy. Providing such aciliies in schools no only help o mee ha righ, i also provides

he mos avorable seting o encourage behavioural change in he school and in he communiy

Schools are he key insiuions or he cogniive, creaive and social developmen o children. School Saniaion

and Hygiene Educaion are considered essenial or a proeced, shelered and healhy environmen or children

o learn beter and ace he challenges o uure lie. Tere is a dire need or reoriening hese frs seps which

have been aken in his direcion by he Cenral Board or Secondary Educaion (CBSE) and several oher

schools and organizaions so ha his becomes a naional eor o induce behavioural change among children.

o atain he goals se by he Naional Urban Saniaion Policy and o make his vision a realiy, schools and

sudens have a vial role o play. Te schools are imporan links wih a defnie reach o he parens, individual

amilies, and consequenly he communiy.


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Te saniaion sysems already exising in schools need o be reassessed or improvemen so as o bring hem o

a level where hey becomes oally hygienic o use and he wase generaed is disposed o/recycled saely wih

e cien waer usage and wihou any kind o conaminaion o any naural resources or endangering he healh o

he school children and wihou compromising on he aesheics.

echnological inervenionsare necessary wherever needed.

Tis would include correcive

inrasrucural measures or

improving he saniaion

aciliies wihin schools and

also calls or improvemens

in service delivery by

esablishing direc conac

wih he concerned MunicipalCorporaion/urban local body

which has he responsibiliy

or he sae disposal o wase

and sewerage. Schools can have

direc ineracion wih he concerned ULBs in order o eecuae speedy grievance redress. Trough he websie

www.schoolsaniaion.com he schools can direcly inerac wih he parners MoUD, MoHRD, CBSE and GZ or

assisance.

For all his MoUD, MoHRD, CBSE and GZ would ac as he caalyss or change in order o ensure is success. Tus,

i is clear ha by and large, he ulimae objecive is o bring abou awareness and posiive behavioural modifcaions

among sudens and hrough hem in sociey a large.

Te eors o perorming schools are recognized and encouraged hrough he Naional School Saniaion

Awards.

Parners in he Awards

Minisry o Urban Developmen,

Governmen o India

Minisry o Human Resource

Developmen, Governmen oIndia

Cenral Board or Secondary

Educaion (CBSE), Minisry o

Human Resource Developmen,

Governmen o India

German echnical Cooperaion

(GZ)


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Who is eligible or he Awards

Te awards are open o:

1. Caegories o Schools :

Schools under Cenral Governmen Kendriya Vidyalayas

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas

Ohers

Schools under Sae Governmen

Privae UnaidedSchools

Privae AidedSchools

2. Urban local bodies (ULBs) or heir work on saniaion improvemen in he Municipal Schools

3. Non-governmenal Organizaions, Communiy Based Organizaions, corporae secor, insiuions,

bilaeral and mulilaeral agencies in combinaion wih ULBs/ waer uiliies/boards who help/collaborae wih he

perorming schools in his endeavor

Caergories or he Award Awareness Generaion leading o Behavioural Change hrough Sudens and Communiy Mobilizaion

echnical Innovaion and Inervenions

Creaion and Conservaion o Green Spaces

Public Privae ParnershipSchools should inorm he mechanism used in achieveing he Bes Pracices. Eg: Healh and Wellness Clubs, NSS,

NCC, ec.

Parameers or he Selecion1 Susainabiliy Demonsraed success geared owards long-erm hygiene and sae saniaion.

2 Replicabiliy: Poenial or replicaion o pracices and models ha have resuled in beter service delivery.

3. Innovaion: Demonsraed Innovaion,

Uniqueness and Originaliy in he use o Ideas,

echnology and Resources4. Dynamism: Aciviy poins scored by

paricipaion in various aciviies as organized

rom ime o ime hrough he websie; www.

schoolsaniaion.com

5. Neworking

6. Cos eeciveness o he inervenions


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6 Te echnological Options in SanitationSaniaion Managemen ocuses on he sae managemen o human excrea, including is sae confnemen,

reamen, disposal and associaed hygiene relaed pracices. While his policy perains o managemen o human

excrea and associaed public healh and environmenal impacs, i is recognized ha inegral soluions need o ake

accoun o oher elemens o environmenal saniaion, i.e. solid wase managemen, generaion o indusrial and

oher specialized/hazardous wases, drainage, and also he managemen o he drinking waer supply. Tis makes

he canvas o saniaion managemen very wide covering all he imporan and sundry issues.

Tere are many argumens abou he mehodology and mechanism peraining o he collecion, ransporaion

and disposal o wase and here is serious debae abou he convenional sysem o sewage disposal and he new

echnological innovaions o using less waer and propagaing he use o dry oiles. Modern day echnological

opions have riggered his debae and here have been many successul demonsraions o he new hinking and

eco-riendly echnologies.

Tis concep has become popular as eco-saniaion. Ecological saniaion (eco-san) or susainable saniaionmeans keeping our surroundings (he environmen) clean and sae and prevening polluion. I includes wase waer

reamen disposal and recycling, eecive vecor conrol and oher disease-prevenion aciviies. Eco-san, is based

on recycling principles. I means keeping he eco-cycle in he saniaion process closed. Tis is wha is oen ermed

as closing he loop. I is also a low-energy approach ha uses naural processes.

Eco-san pays paricular atenion o he healh aspecs, and emphasizes he ollowing:

1. Te desrucion o pahogens hrough ow-sream managemen, specifc confnemen and reamen.

2. Resource conservaion hrough reduced use o poable waer as a medium o ranspor human wase, and

recovering wase waer or irrigaion.

3. Eliminaion/minimizaion o wase waer discharges o he environmen.

4. Closes he loop hrough producive use o nuriens conained in he wases.

Te modern eco-san concep hus represens he culminaion o he paradigm shi iniiaed in response o saisying

he healh needs o unserved populaion groups, like schools in his conex.

Ecosan Services Foundaion is among

one such organizaion which has made

serious eors o popularize his concep

and has done many pilo projecs

successully. Te main argumen given or

eco-saniaion pracices is ha i saves a

lo o waer which is a scarce commodiy

in many pars o India and also he ac

ha he waer based convenional sewage

disposal sysem has no able o rea he

ever increasing bulk o human wase in

mos o our ciies.


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I is argued ha:

1. Te exising sysem is no su cien o rea he sewage being produced in he ciies and a large percenage o i

ows ino rivers, unreaed.

2. Mos o he sewage lines are choked and siled. As a resul, some o he sewage reamen plans do no ge

enough sewage o rea due o he non-uncioning o cerain lines. Te sewage generaed is oen divered ouncioning lines and hus some o he reamen plans ge sewage which is beyond heir capaciy o rea. Tis

again resuls in unreaed sewage owing ino rivers.

3. In many places where sewer lines are jammed, residens and oher users diver heir sewage ino sorm waer

or wase waer drainage lines hus leading o he ree ow o sewage ino rivers and oher waer bodies. Tough

illegal, his is a common pracice.

4. Te presen waer based echnology consumes los o waer which is a scarce commodiy and is no always

available. Tis resuls in sinking public oiles and blocked sewer lines.

5. Te cos o sewage reamen is very high and is increasing day-by-day. Te cos o waer canno be increased

such ha i aecs he local populace. Te resuling waer subsidies hus become an economic burden and or

an e cien economy, a way ou has o be ound.

6. Conaminaion o rivers and oher waer bodies, ground waer and oher sources lead o waer borne diseases,

polluion, and aecs agriculural produce and desroys aquaic lie. Tis is leading o an ecological disaser and

environmenal hara-kiri.

7. Te ush oiles have served heir purpose and we should adop new ways. Tere is a need or a paradigm shi

and we mus change our age old habis.

8. Te new echnological shi should be or he rich as well, and jus no or he poor alone. One should

remember ha he ush sysem is mosly used by well o people and is one o he bigges eco-hreas a he

momen.

9. In ecosan echnology urine is colleced rom he boysoile using waerless urinals. Te black and grey waer

is iniially drained o he biogas setler where he

wase waer is subjeced o anaerobic decomposiion.

Te e uen is hen drained o anaerobic ba e reacors

or he urher reamen o aecal sludge. Te e uen

rom he anaerobic ba e reacors is hen subjeced o

horizonal ow hrough he consruced weland in

order o urher decrease he BOD (biological oxygen

demand) o he wase waer. Te fnal e uen rom

he horizonal ow hrough he weland is sored a

he polishing pond and re-used or landscaping. Te

colleced urine rom he waerless urinals is sored and

is used or agriculure/gardening purposes wihin he

school campus.

10. Te biogas ha is generaed is used eiher or cooking

purpose or lighing purposes.

11. Te aecal sludge is used as compos in campus

agriculure/gardening purposes.


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Wih new insighs and he ineres

and success sories repored in he

developmen and usage o eco-san

echnologies i is expeced ha wih

he passage o ime his concep willbe acceped and inernalized by he

people and hus some o he sewage

burden will be aken o rom he

sysem and consequenly rom our

rivers and waer bodies.

I needs o be sressed ha in he

presen Naional School Saniaion

Iniiaive, he idea is no o rigger a

debae o fnalize which approach is beter rom he ecological poin o view and rom he pracical posiion oimplemenaion. Tis aspec is being ouched upon and deal wih so ha one can weigh all he opions and alernaives

and hen decide on he bes way orward or saniaion managemen in he Indian conex. A he momen, he ocus o

he iniiaive is on raising awareness and inducing behavioural change. On he echnological side, we need o address

hese issues wihou compromising on he immediae and e cien serv ice delivery by removing he impedimens

in he bes possible manner frs and i during his course o acion we also inroduce he concep o eco-saniaion

greaer accepabiliy will ollow. In ac echnological inervenion is a mater o using appropriae echnology or

he day and inroducing simulaneously,

suiable echnologies or he uure which

can wihsand he changing pressures and

demands dynamics. Such eors could also

be region specifc and resource availabiliy

based e.g. how much waer is available or

use and a wha requency?

Besides sewage wase disposal and wase

waer recycling mechanisms adoped by

he schools also need o be examined

and analyzed in order o atain he bes

pracices.


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It is expected that through the measures and action indicators mentioned so far, the Initiative would be able to evolve

appropriate interventions and activities so as to achieve ecological sanitation in a socially acceptable, economically

feasible, environmentally viable, and technically appropriate manner in an urban context.

See Annexure 1 for all the technological options for implementation.

Sanitation is more

important than

independence.Te day every one

of us gets a toilet to

use, I shall know our

country has reached

the pinnacle of

progress.

Total Sanitation Campaign

Let us all take that

one extra step to

ensure that we live

in clean and healthy

surroundings.

Mahatma Gandhi raised the issue o the horrible working and social conditions o scavengers more than 100 years ago in

1901 at a Congress meeting in Bengal. Yet it took about 90 years or the country to enact a uniorm law abolishing manual

scavenging. Te Employment o Manual Scavengers and Construction o Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993 punishes the

employment o scavengers or the construction o dry (non-fush) latrines with imprisonment or up to one year and/or a ne o

Rs 2,000. Oenders are also liable to prosecution under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled ribes (Prevention o Atrocities)

Act, 1989. Tis Act to eradicate a pernicious practice that only dalits were subjected to, aims at restoring the dignity o the

individual as enshrined in the Preamble to the Constitution.


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Section 2 Activities for Schools


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Aciviies peraining o educaion canno be confned o a se patern. Te horizons o such aciviies are unlimied and a vas

range o aciviies on varied hemes converging on hygiene and saniaion can easily be developed.

Only a ew aciviies have been menioned here or sudens o dieren age groups.. Tese could ac as riggers o iniiae

urher aciviies among sudens as well as he eachers.

Based on he key deliverables oulined in he previous secion, aciviies or children in school have been designed

and buil around six key opics:

1. Hygiene Educaion

2. Wase Waer Cobweb Te Zero Discharge Concep

3. Susainable Waer Managemen

4. echnological Inervenions

5. Green Spaces Developmen

6. Monioring and Evaluaion


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1. Hygiene Education

Hygiene Educaion ocuses on hree core aciviy areas, each argeed a sudens o diferen classes:

Hygiene pracices: For Classes III-V

Healhy ood eaing pracices: For Classes III-V

My school A clean environmen: For Classes VI-VIII

1.1. Hygiene Pracices: For Classes III-V

Background

Aciviies relaed o Hygiene Pracices will encourage sudens o

undersand:

Te imporance o sel hygiene,

Te need or mainaining hygienic condiions in school, and Te various hygienic condiions ha preven waer borne and saniaion

relaed diseases.

Concep

Awareness amongs children or mainaining sel hygiene

Washing hands a regular inervals helps in prevening communicable diseases

Objecive

Highligh he imporance o adoping hygienic pracices and condiions or prevening he spread o waer borne

and saniaion relaed diseases.

Maerials Required

Char paper and colouring maerial

Compuer and Inerne aciliy

LCD enabled room or presenaions

Mode

Group surveys o sudy hygiene in specic areas o he

school like he waer aciliy area, classroom hygiene,

oiles, ec.

ime Required

wo periods (once a week)

Washbasin - 1860


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Mehodology

Sudens will be divided ino hree groups: A, B and C , and each group will be given a survey opic.

Group A

Children o his group will be required o work a home and use he Inerne o perorm he ollowing:

Undersand he imporance o saniaion hygiene and mainenance o hygienic condiions in school, ec.

Group A will prepare a power poin presenaion on heir ndings or laer presenaion in class.

Group B

Children o his group will be required o conduc a survey in school highlighing he hygienic condiions in

various areas o he school. Group B will documen heir ndings by making a power poin presenaion on hygienic

condiions in school.

Group C

Children in his group will be required o sudy various communicable diseases (waer borne and saniaion relaed)

and ways o preven hem. Group C will prepare chars and posers showing he spread o communicable diseases(waer borne and saniaion relaed). Te bes char and presenaion will be rewarded in he class.

All o he above groups can also consider working on an aciviy relaed o waer supply sorage, waer uses and wase

waer disposal in he school.

Tis aciviy could make hem undersand ha how much waer is being e cienly uilized and how much waer is

available or irrigaion ec. in he school.

Evaluaion

Sudens will be evaluaed on individual/ group presenaions.

List o groups Content Power point Presentation Individual /team

Group A

Group B

Group C

Key Message

Creaing awareness on mainaining good hygiene pracices and condiions a school.

Ways o preven communicable diseases likecholera, swine u, common cold, dysenery

ec.

Creaing awareness abou waer managemen

pracices.

Suggesed Aciviies

1. Inerviewing neighbourhood docors and

lising he major causes or he spread o

communicable diseases.


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2. Brainsorming sessions in class on diseases caused by lack o saniaion.

3. Sudens can make a daily checklis record or mainaining hygienic condiions in school.

4. Placards on diferen aspecs o saniaion and imporan insrucions abou i could be placed a appropriae

places in he school.

5. Teare - skis ec. could be developed.

Independen Pracice: From school o homeHygiene educaion

Survey in your homes

1. How many imes does your waer ank

ge cleaned? (Weekly / Monhly / Bi-

monhly / Quarerly / Six-monhly /

Annually)

2. How many imes or a wha requencydo members o your home wash heir

hands and when?

3. Menion specic areas in your home

which are absoluely clean.

4. Paricipae in cleanliness drives.

1.2 Healhy Food Eaing Pracices: For Classes III-V

Background

Aciviies relaed o Healhy Food Eaing Pracices will encourage sudens o undersand:

Te imporance o healhy eaing habis,

Te need or mainaining ood hygiene, and

Te various hygienic condiions ha decrease he developmen o chronic diseases.

Concep

Awareness amongs children or mainaining ood hygiene

Healhy hygienic condiions are essenial o achieve ull menal and physical growh.

Objecive

Sensiize children on adoping measures or mainaining essenial ood hygiene and overall healh.

Maerials Required

Char paper and colouring maerial

Compuer and Inerne aciliy

LCD enabled room or presenaions


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Mode

Individual surveys a home.

Group surveys in paricular areas o he school like waer aciliy area, classroom hygiene, caneen area, ec.

ime Requiredwo periods (once a week)

Mehodology

Sudens will be divided ino wo groups, A and B, and each group will be given a survey.

Group A

Children o his group have o

conduc an individual survey a

home on he ollowing:

i. Adequae waer supply in

kichen.

ii. Mainenance o ood hygienic

condiions, ec.

Group A will documen heir

ndings by making a char on he

dos and dons or mainaining ood

hygiene a home.

Group B Children o his group will conduc a group survey in school highlighing he hygienic condiions in various

areas o he school.

Group B will documen heir ndings by making a power poin presenaion on hygienic condiions in school.

Te bes char and presenaion will be applauded in he class.

Evaluaion

Sudens will be evaluaed on individual/group presenaions.

List o groups Content Power point Presentation Individual /team

presentation /chart in the class work

Group A

Group B

Key Message

o enable children o become aware o mainaining hygienic condiions a home as well as in school.

o develop in children he habi o mainaining ood hygiene in order o achieve ull academic poenial,

physical and menal growh, and a body ha is ree rom disease.


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Suggesed Aciviies

1. Brainsorming sessions can be aken up in a class or mainaining ood hygiene.

2. Sudens can make a daily check lis record on he dos and dons or mainaining hygienic condiions.

3. Making placards (o spread awareness abou ood hygiene) and placing hem in signican places in he

school.

4. Teare - sree play or one-ac play.

5. Menion any our healh problems ha may occur laer in lie due o unhygienic ood condiions.

Independen Pracice: From school o home

Food hygiene

1. Do an individual survey a home on your weekly menu card. Lis ou wha you ea a breakas, lunch and dinner

and wha is he nuriive componen in each.

2. Discuss wihin your amily and prepare a comparaive char o sudy he advanages and disadvanages onuriious ood and junk ood.

1.3 My School - A Clean Environmen: For Classes VI - VIII

Background

Aciviies relaed o My School A Clean

Environmen will encourage sudens o analyze:

Te need or a clean school environmen.

Te areas which help o make he school

environmen clean.

Suden role and responsibiliy in keeping

he school environmen clean.

Concep

Encouraging a clean school environmen

Objecive

Children will ideniy areas which hey can ake care o in making he school environmen clean and o

inernalize he concep o healhy living

Maerials Required

Some wase maerial available a home or school o be uilized or making props.

Mode

Group Aciviy


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ime Required

Tree heare periods (once a week)

Mehodology

1. Sudens will be apprised abouhe opic, areas o evaluaion, and he

dos and dons o he presenaion by he

heare eacher

2. Role Play : Sudens will be given diferen opics

or role play (such as how o keep your classroom

clean, how o mainain clean oiles, imporance

o washing o hands beore eaing ood, keeping

he surrounding clean ec.)

3. Sudens will be divided ino our groups.

In he rs heare period sudens in each group will brainsorm on he opic and noe down he poins o be

covered in he presenaion.

Tey will plan he sequence and roles in he days beore he nex period and ge i approved by he eacher.

Each group will pracice in he nex heare period.

Presenaions will be made in he nal heare period assigned or his aciviy.

Te bes wo groups will perorm during assembly.

Evaluaion

Sudens will be evaluaed on heir group presenaions.

List o groups Content Following Efectiveness o the Team Presentation

(areas covered) deadlines dialogues/ script Work Time

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Key Messageo enable young sudens o analyze:

Te areas and people who make he school look clean.

Undersand heir responsibiliy in keeping he school clean.


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Suggesed Aciviies

1. Shramdaan cleaning he classroom aer every lunch break wih duies being assigned o diferen groups/

houses

2. Surveys - he hings/ iems ha make a classroom diry

3. Making o posers/slogans4. Organizing campaigns and rallies


School environmen

Careully observe he ollowing in your

school:

1. Proper lighing and venilaion

arrangemens.

2. Whie washing and cleaning inyour school.

3. Any slogans based on hygiene

displayed in school.

4. Shramdaan duies in school.

5. Prepare a check-lis or all he

above and ollow i up regularly a

home oo.


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2. Waste Water Cobweb Te Zero Discharge Concept

Te Wase Waer Cobweb opic ocuses on

he ollowing core aciviy areas, argeed a

sudens as well as a eachers:

Waer conservaion: For Class VII

Waer conservaion: For Class XI

Clean oile habis: For saf members

2.1. Waer Conservaion:For Class - VII

Background

Waer conservaion aciviies will or sudens o Class VII will encourage hem o undersand simple ways whichhelp in saving waer

Concep

Waer is scarce so should be used judiciously.

A lo o waer can be saved i we are careul abou he way we use i a school.

Objecive

Developing awareness abou he simple acions which reduce wasage o waer.

Responsibiliy in using waer wihou wasage everywhere.

Maerials Required

Survey shee

A4 shees

Mode

Group Aciviy (our o ve children in a group)

ime Required

wo periods (once a week)

en minues o assembly ime

Mehodology

1. Sudens will be divided ino our groups o our sudens each.

2. Each group will brainsorm and lis down ways/mehods in which waer wasage can be reduced.

3. Te groups will presen share heir liss in class.

4. en such ways and mehods will be lised in he survey shee.


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6. Beore he nex class he sudens presen he inormaion colleced, in he orm o a graph and draw

conclusions.

7. In he nex class he children will presen heir surveys along wih graphical presenaions and he conclusions

hey drew rom heir aciviy.

8. A seleced group o ve sudens will lis down he ndings o he class and presen hese ndings a assembly

hrough a presenaion which will also include ways in which waer wasage can be reduced.

Evaluaion

Sudens will be evaluaed on heir individual work.

List o students Completion o Graphic Conclusions Neatness

survey Presentation Drawn

Suden 1

Suden 2

Suden 3

Suden 4

Key Message

1. o enable young sudens o become aware o simple ways in which waer wasage can be reduced.

2. o shoulder responsibiliy in promoing simple waer conserving behaviours in heir school and home

environmens.

Independen Pracice: From school o homeWase waer cobweb

1. Sudens will conduc a survey in heir homes and localiies on how much waer is used or bahing, washing

hands and ace, brushing eeh, gardening, cleaning and oher daily chores in each house.

2. Te survey conduced can hen be brough back o school and a comparaive char can be made based on

localiy usage and conservaion o waer.

2.2. Waer Conservaion: For Class - XI

Background

Waer conservaion aciviies or sudens o class XI will inculcae in hem

he habi o preserving waer as a valuable gi o naure.


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Concep

o conserve waer

Objecive

o raise awareness o waer conservaion and waer managemen issues amongs he school communiy

Maerials Required

Char paper, colouring maerial, compuer, Inerne aciliy, LCD enabled rooms or presenaions

Mode

Group Aciviy

ime Required

wo periods in a week .

Mehodology

Sudens will be divided ino seven groups o lis various issues on wase waer managemen.

Tey will collec inormaion on diferen opics and will make power poin presenaions o heir work.

Tey have o submi heir projec and survey repors.

Group-I

Sudens o Group I will sudy abou deniions o black, yellow, brown and grey waer and sources o wase waer

in various school locaions.

Group-II

Sudens o Group II will collec inormaion on wase waer reamen.

Group-III

Group-III will work on he sewage reamen procedure ollowed in a sewage reamen plan. Tey will also make

a working model o a sewage reamen plan.

Group-IV

Sudens o his group will collec inormaion on wase waer managemen.

Group-V

Sudens will ry o nd ou wheher wase waer reamen is efecive.

Group-VI

Sudens o his group will sudy he uure direcions given by scieniss and researchers on improving he qualiy

o wase waer reamen.

Group-VII

Sudens will sudy he remedies o reduce he quaniy o wase waer like wase waer recycling and managemen

o spilled waer.


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Observaions

Sudens will be able o undersand ha he unnecessary and excessive use o waer can be cosly and should be

avoided o reduce overall environmenal coss.

EvaluaionSudens will be evaluaed using he ollowing parameers on a scale o 1 o 3 (1: Good, 2: Very good, 3: Excellen).

Groups Presentation Team Models/charts Quality Content Project

work work report

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

Key Message

Schools can reduce heir waer consumpion by assessing how much hey use every day and by noing he readings

on heir waer meers, ideniying leaks and drips, adjusing he ow rae on aps and reducing he amoun o waer

used in oiles.

Suggesed Aciviies

Waer qualiy esing

Repor wriing

Developmen o waer educaion websie

Waer audis: Waer experimens, educaional games, crosswords and puzzles showing how he waer cycle

works


Wase waer managemen

1. Sudens will be asked o lis some ways o re-using grey waer like waer dripping rom coolers, air condiioners,

R.O (reverse osmosis) sysems.


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2.3. Clean oile Habis: For Saf Members

Background

Aciviies relaed o clean oile habis will help saf o providing need- and age-appropriae oile aciliies or

children.

Concep

Develop awareness among all members o he communiy abou clean oile habis, considering he individual needs

o he diferen members.

Objecive

Children will be provided wih oile aciliies ha are environmenally riendly and age- and need-specic. Children

will also be rained o develop clean oile habis.

Maerials required or he surveySaf members will need o collec inormaion or

heir surveys rom books, he Inerne, magazine

aricles ec.

Mode

Saf Aciviy.

ime Required

Abou 15 days

Mehodology

1. Saf members will be divided ino our groups depending on he ineress o he members and

heir individual srenghs (some may be ech-savvy, some regular newspaper readers ec.).

2. Group 1 will survey he designs and dimensions o oiles and washbasins which are age- appropriae

( or example, lower urinals or young children, separae oiles or boys and girls).

3. Group 2 will survey he requiremens o separae oile condiions or boys and girls (or example, arrangemens

or disposal bags/newspapers in senior girls oiles and dusbins in each oile).

4. Group 3 will conduc a survey o ideniy he ypes o oiles ha need o be designed or disabled children inschools (or example, special seas, rods ec.).

5. Group 4 will conduc a survey on environmenally riendly ways o disposal o oile wases( urine, excrea,

napkins ec.).

6. Each group will collec he inormaion and give heir repor o he managemen.

7. Each group mus ake care ha heir repors presen pracical soluions.


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Observaions

Te saf members will be able o undersand he needs o diferen sudens so ha oiles are kep clean.

Evaluaion

Evaluaion o he various groups will depend on he pracicaliy o he suggesions made by each group.

Key Message

o provide healhy and age-appropriae oile condiions o he sudens in he school.

Suggesed Aciviies

Surveys on mehods o wase waer disposal.

Role plays can be enaced showing he

harmul efecs o unsae disposal o oile

wase.

Independen Pracice: From school o

home oiles

1 Prepare a checklis a your home or he

regular cleaning o your oiles.

2. Conduc a survey in your own localiy or

he kind o oile sysems (Wesern/Indian)

or heir comor wheher hey are age-

appropriae (suiable young and old) ec. and he cleaning maerials used.


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3. Sustainable Water Management

3.1. Sae Drinking Water: For Class VIII

BackgroundActivities related to Sae Drinking Water will encourage students to understand:

the sources o sae drinking water

the need or sae drinking water

the various water borne dise

school sanitation manual

Documents