School of Earth and Space Exploration

Existing Lunar Datasets

M. S. Robinson

School of Earth and Space Exploration

Arizona State University

Lunar Datasets

• Earth Based Telescopes• Ranger• Surveyor• Lunar Orbiter• Apollo Photography

– handheld– automated

• Apollo Laser Altimetry• Apollo Elemental• Soviet Surface Imaging

• Earth Based Radar• Clementine

– Imaging, topography• Lunar Prospector

– Elemental maps• Gravity• Global Control Network

• Chang’e, Kaguya• Chandrayaan 1, LRO

Review relevant image datasets, existing and upcoming

Lunar Orbiter• Best existing global BW morphology

dataset (60 m/pix near and ~300 far m/pix)

• USGS LO negatives global map scan project “completed”

• High resolution mapping of equatorial regions (LO 1,2,3)

• Synoptic mapping (LO 4)• High-resolution coverage of science

targets (LO 5)• High Resolution LO Coverage:

– ~1m/pixel of 1% of Moon– ~10 m/pixel covers ~12%– Nearside at ~60 m/pixel– Farside ~300 m/pixel– Quality varies

http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/LunarOrbiterDigitization/

Apollo Photography 1968-1972• Handheld 70-mm

– 10,000 Color– 10,000 BW– Orbit, surface

• Metric Camera (Ap 15-17)– BW, 127 x 127 mm (~8m/pixel)

• Panoramic Camera (Ap 15-17)– BW, 127 mm x 1 m (1m/pixel)

• 35-mm, Ap 14 Hycon, surface stereo…• JSC/ASU Apollo Flight Film Scanning Project underway!!

– All flight films scanned by end 2009– Accessible online at:

HTTP://apollo.sese.asu.edu

AS15-M-0284

Apollo 14 at Frau Mauro

Apollo Metric/Pan Camera Coverage

True stereo, incidence angle ranges from 90° to near 0°, simultaneous laser altimeter point (~10,000 negatives). Panoramic camera footprints very similar (~4800 negatives). Full resolution digital scan project in progress! See information in registration folder.

Clementine 1994

UVVIS NearsideHigh Sun for Color Analysis

• UVVIS (CCD)– 100-200 m/p global– 5 filters (415-1000 nm)

• NIR (InSb)– 160-320 m/p global– 6 filters (1100-2800 nm)

• HIRES (CCD)– 25-50 m/p (effective)– 4 filters (415-750 nm)– BW poles, selected color strips

• LWIR (HgCdTe)– 200-400 m/p global– broadband (8000-9500 nm)

• LIDAR Ranging (2.5° spatial, 100 m vertical, 65S to 65N)

Chang’e

• Stereo Camera 120 m/p• 200x200 km orbit• Launched Oct 2007, 1 year nominal mission

• Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC) 5 m resolution (40 km swath) global map of the Moon

• To be launched mid-2008

Chandrayaan

Kaguya (Selene)• Launched Oct. 2007, 3 spacecraft• 100 km circular polar orbit• Terrain Camera Broadband Stereo

10 m/p, +- 15° forward and aft, planned global mapping

• Multi Band Imager (20/62 m/p, VIS/NIR)

• HDTV• http://www.selene.jaxa.jp/index_e.ht

m• Data release one year from end of

nominal mission

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Earth Based Radar• 20 to 40 m/pixel imaging and topography

of lunar poles • Nearside only

• Estimate illumination conditions over time

Topography near Shackleton (S. Pole)

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 2008

• LROC: Global WAC UV-VIS imaging 100 m/pixel; NAC BW 10% Moon at 0.50 m/pixel

• LOLA: Global topography• LEND: Neutron flux (water ice)• DLRE: Temp. of lunar surface• LAMP: Search for surface ices

in polar regions• CRaTER: Lunar radiation

environment• Mini-RF: SAR (image

permanently shadowed areas)

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera• 2 Narrow Angle Cameras (NACs) for Landing Site Certification

• 1000s of potential landing site observations at 0.5 m/pix

• Polar mosaics (85.5 to 90) at 1 m/pix

• Conventional and photometric stereo observations for 2 to 10 m/pix topography

• Wide Angle Cameras (WAC) to Monitor Polar Lighting and Map Resources

• Every orbit image each pole: BW 100 m/p• Global BW 100 m/p >50° incidence coverage• Global 7-color (100/400 m/p), 10° to 40° incidence• Special Observations (context, phase experiments, stereo)

What is NeededPrior to Human Return

– Uniform global geodetic control network– Uniform global high resolution mineralogic and

compositional data– Uniform global high resolution morphology data– Uniform global regolith characterization

– Local very high resolution imaging of landing sites– Local very high resolution topography of landing

sites