A Recipe for Success

Denyse Traeder, MPH StudentWalden UniversityPUBH-6165-5Professor Patrick TschidaSummer, 2011

Agenda (the menu)The benefits of implementing a nutritional

program/policy in Mineral County Elementary Schools

Nutrition and brain development/functionNutrition and behaviorThe recipe for effective changeEvidence based policy and implementationConclusion and wrap-up

Learning Outcomes (the meat) Believe that nutrition is important in educationGain an overview of brain development and function

in relation to food intakeUnderstand how healthy eating affects classroom

and everyday behaviorBegin to think about internal changes to existing

programsAgree that evidence and policies exist that can be

implemented in your schoolContinue to research and implement changes to the

nutrition program and nutrition policy in your school

The Directions

Childhood Obesity (the table)Mineral County National

Approximately 24%Of children and

adolescents in Mineral County

Schools are obese.*Sare, M. (2011). Mineral County Community Health

Assessment. HB173; 3.

Approximately 17% of children and

adolescents aged 2—19 years are

obese.

*CDC. (2011). Obesity and Overweight Facts. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Retrieved on July 25, 2011 from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/data.html

Benefits of Healthy Food ProgramsFood fuels the mindAttention and focus are improved with healthy

foodsClass room behavior is calmer and more easily

adjusted with proper nutritionInformation retention capacity is heightened

after consuming “brain” foods

*Cormier,E., & Elder, J.H. (2007). Diet and Child Behavior Problems: Fact or Fiction? Pediatric Nursing, 33(2), 138-143. Retrieved on July 15, 2011.from http://ecs.ovec.org/documents/lowincidence/Autism/Resource%20Binder/4%20Dietary/Diet%20and%20Child%20Behavior%20Problems.pdf

A Difference You Can See

*Brown, L.J., & Pollitt, E. (1996). Malnutrition, Poverty and Intellectual Development. Scientific American, February, 38-43. Retrieved on July 18, 2001 from http://www18.homepage.villanova.edu/diego.fernandezduque/Teaching/PhysiologicalPsychology/AllPhysio/Ll11b_Eating/a12_Malnutrition/Malnutrition.pdf

The Ingredients

Food for ThoughtAmerican children…are at risk for iron

deficiency and mild to-moderate protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), which involves shortages of both protein and calories.

Iron-deficiency anemia afflicts about one quarter of low-income children in the US and is known to impair brain development when severe.

*Farah, M.J., Noble, K.G., & Hurt, H. (2005). Poverty, Privilege, and Brain Development: Empirical Findings and Ethical Implications. Pediatric Research, University of Pennsylvania-Research Project, Submitted for Publication, 1-27. Retrieved on July 17, 2011 from http://intraspec.ca/nordic-walking-overview.php/farah_SES_05.pdf

Nutrition and CognitionSuboptimal nutrition in brain development has been shown to have permanent effects on cognitive function (Lucas, 1998).

Undernutrition - the consumption of a diet that is not only inadequate in quantity, but of a quality insufficient to meet physiological and developmental needs.Inadequate dietary energy compromises a child's engagement with her social environment, thereby impeding cognitive and social development (Brown and Sherman, 1995).*Lucas, A. (1998). Programming by Early Nutrition: An Experimental Approach. The Journal of Nutrition, 128(2), 401s-406s. Retrieved

on July 22, 2011 from http://jn.nutrition.org/content/128/2/401S.short .

*Brown,L.J., & Sherman, L.P. (1995). The Relationship Between Undernutrition and Behavioral Development in Children: Policy Implications of New Scientific Knowledge. The Journal of Nutrition, 125(2), 2281s-2284s. Retrieved on July 17, 2011 from http://jn.nutrition.org/content/125/8_Suppl/2281.full.pdf.

The Fuel

Sustained Fuel for All Students“Good nutrition contributes to the development

of complex mental abilities and is associated with better developmental outcomes. For this reason it is very important to ensure adequate dietary intake even when there is less ability to improve other social and environmental conditions of children” (Brown and Sherman, 1995).

A United States study of 328 families showed that hungry children had higher scores than at-risk and not-hungry children for school problems and attention problems…(Taras, 2005).

*Brown,L.J., & Sherman, L.P. (1995). The Relationship Between Undernutrition and Behavioral Development in Children: Policy Implications of New Scientific Knowledge. The Journal of Nutrition, 125(2), 2281s-2284s. Retrieved on July 17, 2011 from http://jn.nutrition.org/content/125/8_Suppl/2281.full.pdf.

*Taras, H. (2005). Nutrition and Student Performance at School. Journal of School Health, 75(6); 199-213. Retrieved on July 17, 2011 from http://www.hawthorne.k12.ca.us/ourpages/auto/2009/1/30/51331740/Nutrition%20and%20Student%20Performance%20JSH%208-05.pdf .

Brain and Body BehaviorThe brain is fueled by the food we eat, far more

than most organs in the body. Metabolism is central to brain function, particularly in growing children.

“Children’s brains are hungrier, more metabolically active, and proportionally larger than adult’s brains. Per pound of body weight, children eat more food, drink more fluids, and breathe more air than adults,…children are more likely than adults to have acute brain and behavioral dysfunctions related to toxins, allergens, and metabolic byproducts”. *Bruno, J. (2004). The Diet-Behavior Connection. Peninsula Child and Youth Assessment Clinics, Child Wisdom. Retrieved on July 17, 2011

from http://www.childwisdom.org/dietbehavior/ .

ADHD and Nutrition ARE LinkedA “western” or American diet may be associated with ADHD diagnosis and symptomatic behavior. “ADHD diagnosis was not associated with the “Healthy” dietary pattern” (Howard, et al, 2010).

*Howard,A.L., Robinson, M., Smith, G.J., Ambrosini, G.L., Piek, J.P., and Oddy,W.H. (2011). ADHD Is Associated With a “Western” Dietary Pattern in Adolescents. Journal of Attention Disorders, 15(5); 403-411. Retrieved on July 21, 2011 from http://jad.sagepub.com/content/15/5/403.short

Mixing it all together

Breakfast is ImportantChildren who eat a healthy breakfast with the

proper nutrients are less likely to be tardy and/or absent.

Evaluation of existing menus, current staff beliefs and student conditions need to be assessed and evaluated.

Lunch Gets Students Through the DayProtein, iron rich and omega rich foods help

concentration and memory.

Evaluation of current menus, portion size, availability, staff attitude towards food and student behavior must be assessed and evaluated.

Pinch Time Snacks and Beverages To ensure prolonged, sustained and proper

energy and concentration, youth need fuel. Adequate, healthy and desirable snacks and beverages are key.

Communication with vendors to promote and make available healthy choices such as juice, water and milk must be addressed. Snacks should provide natural sugars, whole grains, vitamins, and complex carbohydrates.

Cooking it and Serving it

Desired OutcomesCraft a policy based on scientific evidence that will work for your culture, community and school.

Identify the intended outcomes and design policies geared toward those ends

Is obesity an issue at your school?

Are there high rated of ADHD or similar behaviors?

Are you experiencing high rates of tardiness and absences?

Are there a high number of ill students?

ImplementationInvolve all stake holders in the processSet a realistic timelineHire-recruit a guide that will help the policy

change process go smoothly Be sure to address concerns before they

become problemsMake it fun and realisticShoe evidence for the policyEvaluate, assess and change process as

needed

The Dessert

Recap of Outcomes (reheat)Believe that nutrition is important in educationGain an overview of brain development and function

in relation to food intakeUnderstand how healthy eating affects classroom

and everyday behaviorBegin to think about internal changes to existing

programsAgree that evidence and policies exist that can be

implemented in your schoolContinue to research and implement changes to the

nutrition program and nutrition policy in your school

Questions????? (the left-over's)

References (the original cooks)*Brown,L.J., & Sherman, L.P. (1995). The Relationship Between Undernutrition and Behavioral Development in Children: Policy Implications

of New Scientific Knowledge. The Journal of Nutrition, 125(2), 2281s-2284s. Retrieved on July 17, 2011 from http://jn.nutrition.org/content/125/8_Suppl/2281.full.pdf

*Brown, L.J., & Pollitt, E. (1996). Malnutrition, Poverty and Intellectual Development. Scientific American, February, 38-43. Retrieved on July 18, 2001 from http://www18.homepage.villanova.edu/diego.fernandezduque/Teaching/PhysiologicalPsychology/AllPhysio/Ll11b_Eating/a12_Malnutrition/Malnutrition.pdf

*Bruno, J. (2004). The Diet-Behavior Connection. Peninsula Child and Youth Assessment Clinics, Child Wisdom. Retrieved on July 17, 2011 from http://www.childwisdom.org/dietbehavior/

*CDC. (2011). Obesity and Overweight Facts. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Retrieved on July 25, 2011 from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/data.html

*Cormier,E., & Elder, J.H. (2007). Diet and Child Behavior Problems: Fact or Fiction? Pediatric Nursing, 33(2), 138-143. Retrieved on July 15, 2011.from http://ecs.ovec.org/documents/lowincidence/Autism/Resource%20Binder/4%20Dietary/Diet%20and%20Child%20Behavior

%20Problems.pdf

*Farah, M.J., Noble, K.G., & Hurt, H. (2005). Poverty, Privilege, and Brain Development: Empirical Findings and Ethical Implications. Pediatric Research, University of Pennsylvania-Research Project, Submitted for Publication, 1-27. Retrieved on July 17, 2011 at http://intraspec.ca/nordic-walking-overview.php/farah_SES_05.pdf

*Lucas, A. (1998). Programming by Early Nutrition: An Experimental Approach. The Journal of Nutrition, 128(2), 401s-406s. Retrieved on July 22, 2011 from http://jn.nutrition.org/content/128/2/401S.short

*Howard,A.L., Robinson, M., Smith, G.J., Ambrosini, G.L., Piek, J.P., and Oddy,W.H. (2011). ADHD Is Associated With a “Western” Dietary Pattern in Adolescents. Journal of Attention Disorders, 15(5); 403-411. Retrieved on July 21, 2011 from http://jad.sagepub.com/content/15/5/403.short

*Sare, M. (2011). Mineral County Community Health Assessment. HB173; 3.

*Taras, H. (2005). Nutrition and Student Performance at School. Journal of School Health, 75(6); 199-213. Retrieved on July 17, 2011 from http://www.hawthorne.k12.ca.us/ourpages/auto/2009/1/30/51331740/Nutrition%20and%20Student%20Performance%20JSH%208-05.pdf

Sources for More Information (tweaking the recipe) Academy for Educational Development (1996) Final Report: Nutrition Communication Project. Washington, DC:

AED.

Davis EP. Bruce J. Gunnar MR. (2002). The anterior attention network: associations with temperament and neuroendocrine activity in 6-year-old children. Developmental Psychobiology. 40, 43-56.

Galler, J. R., Ramsey, F. & Forde, V. (1986) A follow-up study of the influence of early malnutrition on subsequent development. 4. Intellectual performance during adolescence. Nutrition and Behavior, 3:211-222.

Janssen I, Craig WM, Boyce WF, Pickett W. Associations between overweight and obesity with bullying behaviors in school-aged children. Pediatrics 2004; 113: 1187–1194.

Ruel MT, Levin C, Armar-Klemesu M, Maxwell D & Morris SS. (1999) Good Care Practices can Mitigate the Negative Effects of Poverty and Low Maternal Schooling on Children’s Nutritional Status: Evidence from Accra. International Food Policy Research Institute Discussion Paper no. 62. Washington, DC: IFPRI.

Schnoll, R. Burshteyn, D., & Cea-Aravena, J. (2003). Nutrition in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A neglected but important aspect. Applied Psychobiology and Biofeedback, 28(1), 63-72.

Schnoll, R. Burshteyn, D., & Cea-Aravena, J. (2003). Nutrition in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A neglected but important aspect. Applied Psychobiology and Biofeedback, 28(1), 63-72.

Zeitlin M. Nutritional resilience in a hostile environment: positive deviance in child nutrition. Nutrition, 1991;49(9):259–68.

Wolraich, M L., Stumbo, P., Milich, R., Chenard, C., & Shultz, F. (1986). Dietary characteristics of hyperactive and control boys. Journal of the American Dietetic Association , 86, 500-504.

Phone: (406)822-3564 Email: dtraeder@co.mineral.mt.us