school funding: facts and figures a library of powerpoint slides compiled by the association of...
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School Funding: Facts and Figures
A library of PowerPoint slides compiled by
the Association of Metropolitan School Districts
Kevin Sampers, Research Director
651-999-7327
Research LibraryClick to:
Section 1: General Education Funding TrendsSection 2: Special EducationSection 3: ELL/LEP/Language DiversitySection 4: Child Poverty and MobilitySection 5: Referenda
Research Library
Section 1: General Education Funding Trends
Return to Index Page
Basic Formula Allowance is Lagging Behind Inflation
Source: Minnesota House Research, "Education Funding: A History of Funding Increases and Reductions," March 2006, session documents, 2007. Inflation measure used is the implicit price deflator (“IPD”), from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. The formula gap represents the difference between the net formula allowance and the 1991-2 funding levels adjusted for inflation.
3,0
50
3,0
50
3,0
50
3,0
50
3,1
05
3,1
05
3,1
81
3,2
60
3,4
27
3,5
84
3,6
88
3,7
92
3,7
92
3,7
92
3,9
74
4,1
65
4,2
65
4,3
15
62138
221255 329
318297
235
244
250
244407
588
690
738
890
1,087
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
1991
-92
1992
-93
1993
-94
1994
-95
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
1999
-200
0
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
School Year
Formula Gap
Net Formula Allowance
Minnesota Per-Pupil Revenue Trends, FY1984-2006Adjusted for Inflation
Source: Minnesota House Research, “School District Revenue History,” July 2007; AMSD analysis.
$3
,05
0
$3
,18
1
$3
,26
0
$3
,42
7
$3
,58
4
$3
,68
8
$3
,79
2
$3
,79
2
$3
,79
2
$3
,97
4
$4
,16
5
$4
,26
5
$4
,31
5
$3
,10
5
$4,036
$4,199
$4,380
$4,664
$4,903
$5,155
$5,402
$4,148$4,238
$4,366
$4,058
$4,641
$4,532
$4,736
$3,000
$3,500
$4,000
$4,500
$5,000
$5,500
1991
-92
1992
-93
1993
-94
1994
-95
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
1999
-200
0
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
Net Formula Allowance
(IPD) Inflation-Adjusted 1991-92 Funding Level
(CPI) Inflation-Adjusted 1991-92 Funding Level
General Education Formula History 2008
Source: AMSD Analysis of Department of Education 2009 What If Report. AMCPU = Adjusted Marginal Cost Pupil Unit
2009 General Education Revenue per AMCPU(Without Basic Education Aid)
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
Greater MNDistricts < 500
AMCPU
Greater MNDistricts 500-1000
AMCPU
Greater MNDistricts 1000-2000 AMCPU
Greater MNDistricts >2000
AMCPU
Metro Districts NotMpls or St. Paul
Mpls & St. Paul
REFERENDUM
OPER CAPITAL
TRANSITION
EQUITY
TRN & EXP
TRANSP SPAR
SPARSITY
LEP TOTAL
COMPENSATORY
EXTENDED TIME
GIFTED & TALENT
ONE TIME
Source: AMSD Analysis of Department of Education 2009 What If Report. AMCPU = Adjusted Marginal Cost Pupil Unit
2009 General Education Revenue per AMCPU(Without Basic Education Aid and Referendum Revenue)
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Greater MNDistricts < 500
AMCPU
Greater MNDistricts 500-1000
AMCPU
Greater MNDistricts 1000-2000 AMCPU
Greater MNDistricts >2000
AMCPU
Metro Districts NotMpls or St. Paul
Mpls & St. Paul
OPER CAPITAL
TRANSITION
EQUITY
TRN & EXP
TRANSP SPAR
SPARSITY
LEP TOTAL
COMPENSATORY
EXTENDED TIME
GIFTED & TALENT
ONE TIME
FY 2009 General Ed Funding for AMSD Districts Per AMCPU: Aid and Levy
(Ranked Among Minnesota’s 343 School Districts)
Source: Minnesota Department of Education, WhatIf 2009, AMSD analysis.
Num District Aid / AMPCU Aid Rank Levy / AMPCU Levy Rank
Total Rev / AMPCU Total Rank
271 BLOOMINGTON 5,534$ 292 1,313$ 28 6,848$ 138286 BROOKLYN CENTER 6,737$ 61 448$ 219 7,185$ 95191 BURNSVILLE 5,736$ 244 1,804$ 11 7,540$ 57112 CHASKA 5,426$ 318 1,284$ 30 6,711$ 165272 EDEN PRAIRIE 5,465$ 312 1,531$ 17 6,997$ 117273 EDINA 5,206$ 338 1,787$ 13 6,993$ 118728 ELK RIVER 5,509$ 301 802$ 103 6,312$ 264
14 FRIDLEY 6,067$ 162 1,100$ 49 7,168$ 98270 HOPKINS 5,571$ 282 1,841$ 9 7,412$ 66199 INVER GROVE 5,397$ 324 1,133$ 46 6,529$ 208832 MAHTOMEDI 5,288$ 333 1,201$ 40 6,489$ 2211.2 MINNEAPOLIS 7,143$ 33 1,222$ 37 8,365$ 18
276 MINNETONKA 5,358$ 330 2,029$ 5 7,387$ 70621 MOUNDS VIEW 5,611$ 275 1,790$ 12 7,401$ 68622 NORTH ST. PAUL-M 5,746$ 239 1,192$ 41 6,938$ 124278 ORONO 5,215$ 337 1,500$ 20 6,715$ 164280 RICHFIELD 6,239$ 127 1,378$ 26 7,618$ 52281 ROBBINSDALE 5,695$ 252 1,119$ 47 6,814$ 142196 ROSEMOUNT-APPLE 5,389$ 326 1,263$ 32 6,651$ 181623 ROSEVILLE 5,590$ 278 1,806$ 10 7,396$ 69720 SHAKOPEE 5,624$ 271 836$ 95 6,460$ 227
6 SOUTH ST. PAUL 5,891$ 205 1,001$ 61 6,893$ 12716 SPRING LAKE PARK 5,569$ 285 1,098$ 50 6,667$ 177
282 ST. ANTHONY-NEW 5,718$ 247 1,147$ 44 6,865$ 136283 ST. LOUIS PARK 5,647$ 265 1,884$ 6 7,532$ 59625 ST. PAUL 7,178$ 31 954$ 67 8,132$ 27284 WAYZATA 5,411$ 320 1,711$ 14 7,122$ 102197 WEST ST. PAUL 5,553$ 289 1,446$ 21 6,999$ 116
Minnesota Per-Pupil Revenue Trends, FY1984-2006Adjusted for Inflation
Source: Minnesota House Research, “School District Revenue History,” July 2007; AMSD analysis.
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
$11,000
$12,00019
8419
8519
8619
8719
8819
8919
9019
9119
9219
9319
9419
9519
9619
9719
9819
9920
0020
0120
0220
0320
0420
0520
06
Total Revenue
Without Building Debt Serviceand Special Education
Inflation Adjusted
Since State “Takeover” in 2002, Local Share of Total Revenue Has Increased
Source: Minnesota House Research, January 2007.
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%19
94-5
1995
-6
1996
-7
1997
-8
1998
-9
1999
-200
0
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
Local
State
Minnesota’s Rank in Education Spending Relative to $1,000 of Personal Income Has Plunged Since 1992
Source: U.S Census Bureau: Public Education Finances Reports, fiscal years 1992-2005. 2005 is the most recent available.
0
10
20
30
40
50
1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Total Spending
Total Instruction
General Admin
School Admin
Minnesota’s Spending Per $1,000 of Personal Income Has Plunged Since 1992
Source: U.S Census Bureau: Public Education Finances Reports, fiscal years 1992-2005. 2005 is the most recent available.
$0.0
$5.0
$10.0
$15.0
$20.0
$25.0
$30.0
$35.019
92
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Fiscal Year
Spen
ding
Per
$1,00
0 Per
sona
l In
com
e
TotalInstruction
Salaries Only
Benefits Only
GeneralAdministration
SchoolAdministration
Minnesota Property Tax Rank Now Close to Average
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 2005 2006
Ran
k A
mon
g 50
Sta
tes
Homestead $150KCommercial $1 MillionIndustrial $1 MillionApartments $600K
Source: Minnesota Taxpayers Association, “50-State Property Tax Comparison Study, Payable Year 2006,” viii.
Example of How Declining Enrollment Affects a Metro School District: Revenue Change Due to
Enrollment Decline
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Projection
Enrollment Est. 10,734 10,466 10,256 General Ed. Rev. 73,049,74473,823,339 75,197,234
% Change 1.0% 1.9%Simulation
Enrollment 10,734 10,73410,734 General Ed. Rev.73,049,744
75,166,698 78,219,810 % Change2.8% 4.0%
Revenue Change -1,343,359-3,022,576
Example of How Declining Enrollment Affects a Metro School District: Expenditure Reductions due
to Enrollment Decline
2005-06 2006-07
Enrollment Est. 10,734 10,466
Change -268
Student/Teacher Ratio 25:1
Staff Reduction 10.7
Beginning Teacher Compensation $45,000
Cost Savings (10.5 x $45,000) $481,500
Revenue Loss $1,343,359
Net Loss $858,359
Truth in Funding: The 2008 Legislature
Total Funding Increase from Prior Year
Source: Minnesota House Research; AMSD analysis.
3.14%
1.14%
-0.41% -0.14%
2.38%
0.62%
0.21%0.66%
0.77%
0.68%
-1.37%
0.00%
-3.00%
-2.00%
-1.00%
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
7.00%
FY 200
8
FY 200
9
FY 201
0
FY 201
1
One time Funding
Special Education
General Education
6.29%
2.44%
-1.57%
0.52%
Research Library
Section 2: Special Education
Return to Index Page
Special Education Cross Subsidy was Reduced, but, is Still Significant and Growing
Source: Dr. Tom Melcher, “2007 Education Act, Finance Provisions,” address to MASBO legislative conference, June 7, 2007. The cross subsidy represents the funding districts devote to meeting state
and federal special education mandates, using general education (core program) dollars.
$300
$350
$400
$450
$500
$550
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Fiscal Year
$ M
illio
ns
Special Education Enrollments Are Increasing
Source: MDE Fall Enrollment Reports, K-12, 1997-8 through 2006-7 school years.
State K-12 Special Education
93,3
62 96,3
22
98,0
89
99,7
27
100,
630
101,
923
102,
952
103,
516
103,
911
105,
336
106,
637
85,000
90,000
95,000
100,000
105,000
110,000
97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08
10.0%
10.5%
11.0%
11.5%
12.0%
12.5%
13.0%
13.5%
Special Education
% Special Education
Special Education Cross-Subsidy FY 2007 (Latest Available)(Amount shifted from District’s General fund to cover Special Education costs not covered by the
State)
Source: Minnesota Department of Education, Special Education Cross-Subsidy Report by District, February 2007. The cross subsidy represents the funding districts devote to meeting state and federal
special education mandates, using general education (core program) dollars.
District District Adjusted Net District District Adjusted Net
Number Name Cross Subsidy* Number Name Cross Subsidy*
271 Bloomington $6,243,328 $514 832 Mahtomedi 1,483,311 413
286 Brooklyn Center 885,064 440 1 Minneapolis 44,408,735 1,092
191 Burnsville 9,407,235 782 276 Minnetonka 4,573,989 508
112 Chaska 5,154,224 510 621 Mounds View 6,553,667 554
272 Eden Prairie 6,222,641 548 622 North St. Paul-Maplewood 6,276,617 456
273 Edina 4,608,124 529 278 Orono 1,424,526 472
728 Elk River 8,022,734 594 280 Richfield 2,765,795 574
14 Fridley 1,642,316 549 281 Robbinsdale 6,837,734 439
270 Hopkins 4,392,151 471 196 Rosemount-Apple Valley - Eagan 21,184,278 659
199 Inver Grove 9,407,235 782 623 Roseville 3,713,126 490
720 Shakopee 3,697,057 544
* Calculation of Adjusted Net Cross-Subsidy: 6 South St. Paul 1,537,254 403
16 Spring Lake Park 2,198,707 417
Special education expenditures 282 St. Anthony-New Brighton 489,995 244
Less: Categorical revenues 283 St. Louis Park 2,702,484 544
Less: General ed revenue attributable to special ed students 625 St. Paul 43,046,042 935
served more than 60% outside of regular classroom. 284 Wayzata 4,637,549 402
= Adjusted Net Cross-Subsidy 197 West St. Paul 3,613,703 684
AMSD Total $217,129,621
State Total $548,363,835
Per WADM Per WADM
Research Library
Section 3: English Language Learners (“ELL”) and Language Diversity
Return to Index Page
The Number of ELL Students Statewide Has Increased Over 131% Since 1998
Source: MDE Fall Enrollment Reports, K-12, 1997-8 through 2006-7 school years.
State K-12 Limited English Proficiency
26,9
36
31,5
76
35,8
10 44,3
60
47,9
63
51,2
75
53,5
07
56,8
29
57,6
65
61,7
09
62,6
26
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
Limited English Proficiency
% Limited English Proficiency
ELL Students Growing as Percentage of Total Enrollment,
Particularly in Metropolitan Area
Source: Minnesota Department of Education, Fall Population data, 2006-7 school year (latest available).
AMSD Districts - Demographics13
,993
15,7
75
16,9
81
17,6
18
18,9
18
20,4
74
21,9
19
23,5
58
25,3
93
27,7
82
29,4
21
30,6
41
31,0
64
31,1
22
30,6
46
29,9
20
29,1
46
29,7
76
29,7
91
3,98
1
4,36
0
4,71
0
5,02
8
5,61
1
6,28
7
7,08
2
8,02
5
9,16
3
10,2
66
11,4
09
13,0
37
14,8
34
16,6
98
18,3
82
19,8
03
21,1
02
22,5
71
20,1
71 21,5
69
23,4
46
24,3
03 26,7
24 29,2
81 31,7
48 34,1
96 37,0
88 39,4
29 40,4
85
41,3
94 43,7
69
44,9
86
45,4
64
46,2
11
46,6
52
47,2
46
48,4
3324
,020
185,891
206,284
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,00088
-89
89-9
0
90-9
1
91-9
2
92-9
3
93-9
4
94-9
5
95-9
6
96-9
7
97-9
8
98-9
9
99-0
0
00-0
1
01-0
2
02-0
3
03-0
4
04-0
5
05-0
6
06-0
7
150,000
160,000
170,000
180,000
190,000
200,000
210,000Black
Hispanic
Asian Pacific Islander
American Indian
White
Number of Languages Spoken at Home by Minnesota’s Students Continues to Rise
Source: Minnesota Department of Education, analysis of MARSS data, 1996-7 to 2006-7.
6568 68
7073
76 76 77
85
9497
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Lan
guag
es S
poke
n
ELL Funding Outpaced By ELL Enrollment
Source: Minnesota Department of Education, WhatIf Interactive School Funding Model, 1999-2007; Fall Population Counts, 1998-9 to 2006-7.
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Fiscal Year
LEP
Enr
ollm
ent
0
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
LEP
Fund
ing
ELL Enrollments
ELL Funding
Research Library
Section 4: Poverty and Mobility
Return to Index Page
Between 1998 and 2007, the Number of Students Receiving Free and Reduced-Price Lunch Increased by 17.5%
Source: MDE Fall Enrollment Reports, K-12, 1997-8 through 2006-7 school years.
State K-12 Free & Reduced Lunch
163,
147
160,
547
156,
407
154,
665
161,
124
168,
181
176,
133
184,
201
190,
900
194,
656
199,
186
59,1
37
62,8
05
63,6
33
63,5
40
62,8
89
62,0
41
60,4
64
61,4
37
60,9
20
62,5
37
62,8
70
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
Reduced Lunch
Free Lunch
% Free & Reduced Lunch
Number of Schools Statewide With Specified Levels of Mobility, 2006-7
Source: Minnesota Department of Education. Students are counted as mobile if they are counted in MDE categories 1-3 (summer transfers in, mid-year transfers in, mid-year in-district transfers). Charter schools not included.
227
596
384
166
109
276
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0-5% 5-10% 10-15% 15-20% 20-30% 30%+
AMSD Schools Experiencing Continued Increases in Mobile Students as a Proportion of Enrollment
Source: Minnesota Department of Education, Mobility Reports by District.
7.26
%
10.3
0% 12.0
0%
12.5
0%
12.8
0%
16.0
0%
13.8
7% 14.6
7%
17.9
7%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
16.0%
18.0%
1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-6
Research Library
Section 5: Referenda
Return to Index Page
Note: The dip in 2003 was caused by a conversion of $415 in referendum authority to $415 in the basic formula. Sources: 1) Crowe, Greg “A History of the School Operating Levy Referendum,” Money Matters, December 2002. Fiscal Analysis Department, Minnesota House of Representatives. 2) Minnesota Department of Education, department of Program Finance.
The Percent of Districts with Operating Referendum has Grown SignificantlyPercent of Districts with Levies
90.0%
78.1%
89.2%
65.0%
68.1%
47.1%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Operating Referenda Passage Rates Ebb and Flow
Source: Minnesota Department of Education, department of program finance.
0
50
100
150
200
250
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Election Year
Dis
tric
ts
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
Pas
sage
Rat
e
Districts HoldingReferenda
Districts Passing atLeast OneReferendum
School Funding: Facts and Figures
A library of PowerPoint slides compiled by
the Association of Metropolitan School Districts
More Resources Available Online at www.amsd.org
Return to Index Page