ARNIE A. VALDEZAR-5AASSIGNMENT IN PHILOSOPHY

1.DEFINE PHILOSOPHY Philosophyis the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected withreality,existence,knowledge,values,reason,mindandlanguage. TheAncient Greekword(philosophia) was likely coined byPythagorasand literally means "love of wisdom" or "friend of wisdom."Philosophy has been divided into many sub-fields. It has been divided chronologically (e.g.,ancientandmodern); by topic (the major topics beingepistemology,logic,metaphysics,ethics, andaesthetics); and by style

2.NATURE AND FUNCTION OF PHILOSOPHY 1. Philosophy analyzes the foundations and presuppositions underlying other disciplines. 2. Philosophy attempts to develop a comprehensive conception or apprehension of the world. 3. Philosophy studies and critically evaluates our most deeply held beliefs and attitudes; in particular, those which are often held uncritically. 4. Philosophy investigates the principles and rules of language, and attempts to clarify the meaning of vague words and concepts.

3.DIFFERENT APPROACHES ON THE NATURE OF PHILOSOPHY1. If you can not prove something is real, then it does not lead to a contrary conclusion, but it is still seen as being harmonious in the aspects of method and conception.2. There is one thing in which a proposition should and will in most cases confirm. This means that no one can doubt realities because it would not be a source of dissatisfaction. The hypothesis is then something that everyone must agree on and admit.3. Everyone uses the scientific method for many things and only not use it when one does not know how to apply it to the situation.4. Using or gaining experience of the method does not make us want to use it but helps us settle our opinions. Because of its many splendid triumphs, it has become a permanent part of our lives.

4.COMPARISON BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY AND OTHER SCIENCES The touchstone of the value of philosophy as a world-view and methodology is the degree to which it is interconnected with life. This interconnection may be both direct and indirect, through the whole system of culture, through science, art, morality, religion, law, and politics. As a special form of social consciousness, constantly interacting with all its other forms, philosophy is their general theoretical substantiation and interpretation. Can philosophy develop by itself, without the support of science? Can science "work" without philosophy? Some people think that the sciences can stand apart from philosophy, that the scientist should actually avoid philosophising, the latter often being understood as groundless and generally vague theorising. If the term philosophy is given such a poor interpretation, then of course anyone would agree with the warning "Physics, beware of metaphysics!" But no such warning applies to philosophy in the higher sense of the term. The specific sciences cannot and should not break their connections with true philosophy. Science and philosophy have always learned from each other. Philosophy tirelessly draws from scientific discoveries fresh strength, material for broad generalisations, while to the sciences it imparts the world-view and methodological im pulses of its universal principles. Many general guiding ideas that lie at the foundation of modern science were first enunciated by the perceptive force of philosophical thought. One example is the idea of the atomic structure of things voiced by Democritus. Certain conjectures about natural selection were made in ancient times by the philosopher Lucretius and later by the French thinker Diderot. Hypothetically he anticipated what became a scientific fact two centuries later. We may also recall the Cartesian reflex and the philosopher's proposition on the conservation of motion in the universe. On the general philosophical plane Spinoza gave grounds for the universal principle of determinism. The idea of the existence of molecules as complex particles consisting of atoms was developed in the works of the French philosopher Pierre Gassendi and also Russia's Mikhail Lomonosov. Philosophy nurtured the hypothesis of the cellular structure of animal and vegetable organisms and formulated the idea of the development and universal connection of phenomena and the principle of the material unity of the world. Lenin formulated one of the fundamental ideas of contemporary natural sciencethe principle of the inexhaustibility of matterupon which scientists rely as a firm methodological foundation.5.IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY A philosophic system is an integrated view of existence. As a human being, you have no choice about the fact that you need a philosophy. Your only choice is whether you define your philosophy by a conscious, rational, disciplined process of thought and scrupulously logical deliberation -- or let your subconscious accumulate a junk heap of unwarranted conclusions, false generalizations, undefined contradictions, undigested slogans, unidentified wishes, doubts and fears, thrown together by chance, but integrated by your subconscious into a kind of mongrel philosophy and fused into a single, solid weight:self-doubt, like a ball and chain in the place where your mind's wings should have grown

6. DIVISION AND BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY Axiology: the study of value; the investigation of its nature, criteria, and metaphysical status. More often than not, the term "value theory" is used instead of "axiology" in contemporary discussions even though the term theory of value is used with respect to the value or price of goods and services in economics.a) Ethics: the study of values in human behavior or the study of moral problems:e.g., (1) the rightness and wrongness of actions, (2) the kinds of things which are good or desirable, and (3) whether actions are blameworthy or praiseworthy.b) sthetics: the study of value in the arts or the inquiry into feelings, judgments, or standards of beauty and related concepts. Philosophy of art is concerned with judgments of sense, taste, and emotion. Epistemology: the study of knowledge. In particular, epistemology is the study of the nature, scope, and limits of human knowledge. OntologyorMetaphysics: the study of what isreallyreal. Metaphysics deals with the so-called first principles of the natural order and "the ultimate generalizations available to the human intellect." Specifically, ontology seeks to indentify and establish the relationships between the categories, if any, of the types of existent things.