schistosomiasis
DESCRIPTION
Schistosomiasis. Katrise Danielle Blades, MPH Walden University PH 6165-4 Dr, Raymond Thron Spring ,2009. Schistosomiasis. Overview Epidemiology Pathogenesis Diagnosis and treatment Vaccination Control Prevention. Overview. Theodor Bilharz (1851) Pirajá da Silva (1908) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Overview Epidemiology Pathogenesis Diagnosis and treatment Vaccination Control Prevention
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Theodor Bilharz (1851)
Pirajá da Silva (1908)
2nd most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease.
3 species that infect humans
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Origin› Africa› New World
Intermediate host› Human waste in water› Survival of these parasites depends on
human habits of polluting water with their own feces.
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Most Vulnerable people:› Farmers› Fishermen› Children
Moslem countries› They perform ablution
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Factors that influence transmission› Economic level› Education level› Sex
Males have the highest rates of infection and are the most intense
› Age
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Protective immunity to super infection is elicited› By repeated exposure to cercaria› Presence of adult worms
Resistance to re-infection › Adults (most apparent)› Children (least resistant)
During the age of 8 to 18 years of age
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Is unusual › Due to eggs and not to adult worms
Has three phases› Migratory
From the time of penetration until maturity egg production
Symptom less› Acute› Chronic
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Acute Phase › Katayama Fever› Schtistosome being producing eggs› Symptoms include
Chills and fever Fatigue Lymphadenopathy
› Many eggs are carried by the hepatic portal circulation back to the liver.
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Chronic Phase › Endemic areas
Asymptomatic› Intestinal
Mild, chronic, bloody diarrhea Abdominal pain Lethargy
› Schistosomiasis haematobia Pain on urination and blood in urine
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8% of cases of infection S. japonicum and S. mansoni development of egg granulomas and fibrosis in the liver seriously impedes portal blood flow. › Enlargement of the spleen
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S. japonicum tend to involve the small intestinal › Eggs of S. japonicum reach the brain more
often › Of the other 60% of all neurological diseases
of Schistosomiasis all brain lesions are due to S. japonicum
S. haematobium is the least seroius › Pain is most intense at the end of urination › Strong evidence nmj mnb that it cause bladder
cancer.
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Identification of eggs un stools or urine
› Kato-Katz technique Tissue biopsy Antibody detection
Schistosomiasis is readily treated using a single oral dose of the drug Praziquantel annually
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Education
Control by Chemotherapy› Lowered from 60.3% to Helling-Giese
1996.8% one after treatment with parziquantel
Vector Control
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Control of snails Environmental management measures
› Stream channelization› Seepage control› Canal lining › Canal relocation with deep burial of snails,
can prevent increase in transmission Procambarus clarkii
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Would have great potential value
Protection can be conferred by irradiated cercariae
A number of parasite-derived antigens confer partial protection against re-infection when used to immunize mice, rate, and other animals.
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Avoid Swimming
Drink Safe Water
Heat bath water for 5 minutes at 150 F
Vigorously towel down after accidental contact with water.
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