scheme computer system

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[ICT EXERCISE] Computer Systems

1

EXERCISE 1

Fill in blank the block diagram of the information processing cycle

EXERCISE 2

Fill in the blank diagram of the Machine Cycle and state the functions.

FECTH A program instructions or data item from memory

Decoding the process of translating a program instruction into signals that thecomputer can execute

Executing the process of implementing the instructions in a program

Storing the process of writing the result to the storage or memory.

Input

Storage

Output Process

Storing

FECTHING

Decoding

Executing




2

EXERCISE 3

The central processing unit consist of two parts:-

a) Control Unit (CU)

b) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).

EXERCISE 4

State the relationship of data representation :

TERM DEFINITION

BITBit is a short for binary digit. A bit is represented by the numbers 1

and 0.

BYTEByte is a unit of information built from bits. One byte is equals to 8

bits.

CHARACTER

One byte represents one character such as A, 7, 9 and +. Eight bits

that are grouped together as a unit.

1. 8 BIT =

1byte

2. 3 Character code :-

i. ASCII

ii. EBCDIC

iii. Unicode.

EXERCISE 5

State the units of data measurement:

Byte 1 Byte = 8 bits

Kilobyte 1 KB = 210 byte

Megabyte 1 MB= 220 byte

Gigabyte (GB) 1 GB =230 byte

Terabyte (TB) 1 TB=240 byte




3

EXERCISE 6

State the units Clock Speed Measurement

a. The clock speed unit is measured in …………………

1 Hz 1 cycle/ 1 second

1 Mhz 1,000,000 cycle/ 1 second

1 GHz 1,000,000,000 cycle/ 1 second

EXERCISE 7

State the meaning of :-

a. Input DevicesAny hardware component that allows users to enter data and instruction into a

computer.

b. InputInput is any data or instruction that you enter into the memory of a

computer.

b.

TYPES OF INPUT EXAMPLE INPUT DEVICES

Text Keyboard, barcode reader

Graphics Digital camera, scanner, graphic tablet

Audio Microphone, MIDI keyboard, digital voice recorder pen

Video Digital video camera, webcam, CCTV




4

EXERCISE 8


1. Output DevicesAny hardware that is capable of delivering or showing information to one or more

user. An output device shows, prints and presents the result of a computer’s work.

2. Output

Output is the result of data processing activity when it is presented external to the

system.

TYPES OF OUTPUT EXAMPLE OUTPUT DEVICES

Text Screen (monitor), printer, plotter

Graphics Screen (monitor),printer, plotter

Audio Speaker, headphone

Video LCD projector, screen (monitor)

EXERCISE 9

State component of a motherboard and function.

COMPONENT FUNCTION

Central Processing Unit The Central Processing Unit (CPU) controls the

operation of the computer. It interprets and carries

out the basic instructions that operate a computer

Expansion Slot In computers, a slot or expansion slot, is an

engineered technique for adding capability to a

computer in the form of connection pinholes

Expansion Card An expansion card is a circuitry designed to provide

expanded capability to a computer.

RAM Slot The slot where the computer memory, also called as

RAM is placed on the computer’s motherboard.

Port and Connector A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to a

system unit so that the peripheral can send data to or

receive information from the computer. A connector

joins a cable to a peripheral

Central Processing Unit The Central Processing Unit (CPU) controls the

operation of the computer. It interprets and carries

out the basic instructions that operate a computer




5

EXERCISE 10

Fill in the blank diagram of the storage

EXERCISE 11

State the function RAM and ROM

PRIMARYSTORAGE FUNCTIONS

RAM o RAM is volatile, which means the program and data will be

lost when the computer is turned off.

o Data from RAM can be read or retrieved and written or

stored during processing

ROM o ROM is non-volatile which means is holds the programs and

data event when computer is turned off.

o data from ROM can just be read only.

Strorage

Primary

Storage

RAM

ROM

Secondary

Storage

Magnetic Medium

Optical Medium

Flash Memory




6

EXERCISE 12

State the diffences between RAM and ROM

CRITERIA RAM ROM

Data and programStores during and after

ProcessingStored by manufacturer

ContentStores information

Temporarily

Stores instructions

(Information) permanently

Processing timeVery fast, but uses a lot

of powerFast, but uses very little power

VolatilityVolatile- data will lose if the

computer shuts down

Non-volatile - data will not lose

if the computer shuts down

EXERCISE 13

State the differences between PRIMARY STORAGE and SECONDARY STORAGE

CRITERIA PRIMARY STORAGE SECONDARY STORAGE

Holding DataVolatile –hold data only

temporarily

Non-volatile hold data

permanently

Cost/ PriceMore Expensive Cheaper

Storage CapacityLimited Unlimited

Need Compulsory Alternative

Access TimeFaster Slower

PortabilityFixed Portable (easy to bring)




7

EXERCISE 14

Fill in the blank diagram the category of software.

EXERCISE 15

State the differences between system software and application software.

System Software Criteria Application software

Enable the computer to

function properlyUsage

Enables users to work

efficiently with

documentationCompulsory-each computer

must have a system

software to function

NeedOptional- depends on usage

and needs

Each computer only needs

one system softwareNumber of Software

Each computer can have

more than one application

software

Independent-system

software can function

without an application

software

Dependency

Dependent-application

software cannot work

without system software

Provide the environment in

which the application runFunction

Provides the environment to

enable users to accomplish

specific tasks

SOFTWARE

System

Software

operating

system

utility

program

Applicatio

n software

Word

ProcessingSpreadsheet Presentation Graphic




8

EXERCISE 16

State the definition and example of the system software:-

System Software Definition Example

Operating System

• An operating system is a set of

programs that coordinates all

the activities among the

computer hardware devices.

1. Windows XP

2. Mac OS

3. Unix

4. Linux

Utility Program

• Known as service programs

• Allow users to perform

maintenance-type task related

to managing a computer, its

device, or its program

1. Antivirus

2. Diagnostic Utility

3. File Manager

4. Screen Saver

EXERCISE 17

State the function of operating system?

1. Starting the computer

•

Load and initialize the operating system on a computer machine.

2. Providing a user interface

• Controls how the user enters data and instruction and how information

is displayed.

3. Managing resources

• Coordinate all the computer’s resources including memory, processing,

storage and devices.

4. Configuring devices

• Handle input and output as well as enabling communicating with input and

output devices




9

EXERCISE 18

State the differences between operations system and utility program?

Operating System Utility Program

An operating system contains instruction that

coordinate all the activities among computer

hardware resources.

A utility program performs

maintenance-type tasks, usually related

to managing a computer, its devices or

its programs.

An operating system is very important;

computers cannot be used or started without

an operating system.

A utility program helps managing a

computers easier; computers can still be

used or started without it.

Linus, Mac OSX, Unix, Windows XP

Antivirus, diagnostic utility, filemanager, screen saver, image viewer,

personal firewall, uninstaller, disk

scanner, disk defragmenter and ackup

utility

EXERCISE 19

State the platform operating system and example ?

PLATFORM EXAMPLE

PC PlatformDisk Operating System (Dos)

Microsoft Windows Xp

Apple Platform 1. Mac Os

2. Mac Os X

Cross-PlatformUnix

Linux

EXERCISE 20

State types of user interface ?

1. COMMAND-LINE USER INTERFACE

2. MENU DRIVEN INTERFACE

3. GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)

4.




10

EXERCISE 21

State the different interfaces of operating system?

Command Line Interface

(Dos)Criteria

Graphical User Interface

(Windows/Linux)

type commands or press specialkeys

A user needto

click the icons and graphics

It has to be typed one line at atime.It requires exact spelling, syntax

or a set of rules of enteringcommands and punctuation.

Condition menus and visual images such asbuttons, icons and other graphicalobjects to issue commands.

Difficult -must specify exactlythe command syntax

Difficulty Easiest

User needs to memories all thekeywords and syntax.

Memorisation Enables the user to avoidmemorizing keywords such as copy,paste and syntax.

helps the user to operate thecomputer quickly aftermemorizing the keywords andsyntax.

Advantage Operating system and programseasier to use, which is also called‘user-friendly’.

EXERCISE 22

State the types and function of application software?

TYPE OF APPLICATION

SOFTWAREFUNCTION

Word Processing • Allows user to create and manipulate documents

containing mostly text and sometimes graphics.

Spreadsheet • Allows users to perform calculations.• They simulate paper worksheets by displaying multiple

cells that make up a grid.

Presentation • To display information in the form of a slide show.

• The software perform three functions:

o Editing

o Inserting

o formatting

Graphic • allows users to work with drawing, photos and pictures.

• Provide the users the ability of creating, manipulating and

printing graphics.




11

EXERCISE 23

State the differences between word processing and spreadsheet.

CRITERIA WORD PROCESSING SPREADSHEET

Main UsageProduce documents such as letters,

memos, reports, fax cover sheets,

mailing labels, newsletters, and web

pages

Allows users to organise and

manipulate data in rows and columns

Document Typeletters, memos, reports, fax cover

sheets, mailing labels, newsletters,

and web pages

budgeting, maintaining a grade book,

balancing accounts, tracking

investment, calculating loan

payments, estimating project costs

and preparing financial statements.

Calculations Allows user to create and

manipulate documents

Allows users to perform calculations

EXERCISE 24

State the type and functions of utility program.

TYPES UTILITY

PROGRAMFUNCTIONS

File management • Perform functions related to files and disk management

• Ex: copy, move, rename or delete files

Diagnostic Utility • Diagnostic or troubleshooting utility

• compiles technical information about a computer’s

hardware and certain system software programs

• prepares a report outlining any identified problems

File Compression • System software used to shrink the size of files

Antivirus • A program that protects a computer against viruses by

identifying and removing any computer viruses found in

a memory , storage media or incoming files.

Defragmenter • Utility program that reorganises files and unused space

on a computer hard disk

File management • Perform functions related to files and disk management

• Ex: copy, move, rename or delete files




12

EXERCISE 25


a. Proprietary Software

• Company that developed that software owns the software

• No one may duplicate or distribute without the companies permission

• Users have to purchase the software

b. Open Source Software

• Software that is free to use

• Provide the original source code so that advanced users can modify it

EXERCISE 25

State the advantages and disadvantages of using proprietary software?

ADVANTANGES DISADVANTANGES

The software offers a stable system

support if it fails or malfunction.

users need to spend a long time

downloading and installing security patches

to fix bugs announced by the manufacturer.

The software is safe and guaranteed to

be safe from dubious threats like

programming bugs and viruses thus

providing ease of mind for the user.

Any improvements would usually require

fees, which is often expensive.

The software is easier to install and

used as the production is planned and

extensive research is carried out to

ensure users purchase only the best.

users are not allowed to describe and share

the software as that are licenced.

Furthermore, free updates and latest

information on the software are usually

provided to the user

Customising the software is nearly

impossible because when users buy

proprietary software will receive binary

version of the program, not the code as the

code is the maufacturer’s trade secret.




13

EXERCISE 26

State the advantages and disadvantages of using Open Source Software?

ADVANTANGES DISADVANTANGES

The source code are available to users and

they have the rights to modify them.

Since nobody in particular is responsible for

the codes, there is no exact knowledge and

assurance on when the codes are going to

be fixed if there a bugs in it

This will allow improvements to the

software without having to invest large sum

of money in research and development.

The codes are too complicated for novice

users to understand.

The modified and improved source codes

can be freely redistributed.

There is no particular official monitoring

the works of a programmer improving the

codes. This is because anyone is free to

use, modify or even distribute the codes.

EXERCISE 27

State the differences between proprietary and open source software?

PROPRIETARY OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

Purchased with its source code Purchased without its source code

User can get open software for free of

charge

User must pay to get the proprietary

software

Users can modify the software Users cannot modify the software

Users can install software freely into any

computer

User must have a license form vendor

before install into computer

No one is responsible to the software Full support from vendor if anything

happened to the software




14

SECTION A SCHEME

NO Answer

OBJECTIVE

1 B

2 A

3 A

4 C

5 A

6 C

7 A

8 D

9 C

10 C

11 B




15

MATCH THE STATEMENT

1

i. X is CPU SOCKET

ii. Y is RAM

iii. Z is EXPANSION SLOT

2

i. Word Processor

ii. Spreadsheet

3

i. Scanner

ii. Digital camera

4

i. B

ii. C

iii. A

iv. D

5

i. C

ii. A

6

i. A : Presentation/Presentation Software

ii. B : Word Processing Software/Word Processor

7

i. Disk Defragmenter

ii. Image Viewer

8

i. Q

ii. S

iii. R

9

a) Bit

b) Byte

10

a) B

b) C

11

i. B

ii. D

iii. C




16

FILL IN THE BLANK

1

Stroge,

Process

2 Output

3

Gigahertz,

Megahertz

4 Firewall

5

Control Unit

Arithmetic Logic Unit

6 American Standard Code For International Interchange




17

SECTION B

QUESTION 1

Application software are all programs designed to make users become more

productive;

while assisting users with personal tasks.

State two types of application software and give an example of each.

Types of application software Example

ANSWERS

Types of application software Example

Word Processing Microsoft Word, Corel Word

Perfect, Sun Staroffice Writer

Spread Sheets Microsoft Excel, Corel

QuatroPro, Sun Star Office

Calc Presentation Microsoft Powerpoint, Corel

Presentation, Sun Star Office

Images

Graphic Editing Toolbook Assistant 2004,

Adobe Photoshop, Corel

Draw, Macromedia Freehand,

The GIMP




18

QUESTION 2

Based on Figure 1, answer the following question:

a) Name the application software shown in Figure 1.

[1 mark]

b) Give TWO features of application software mentioned in 1(a).

[2 marks]

c) The application software mentioned in 1(a) has advanced features to allow

you to work more productively. Name ONE of the advanced features.

[1 mark]

ANSWERS(a) Spreadsheet

(b)

o creating, editing and formatting worksheet in rows and columns

o containing formulas which can perform calculations on the data in the worksheet

o making charts, which depicts the data graphically such as column charts or pie

charts

o what-if analysis, the ability of recalculating the rest of the worksheet when data in

a worksheet changes.

(c)

• macro

• lookup

• protection

• pivot table




19

QUESTION 3

a) What is Operating System?

(2 marks)

b) State two function of Operating System.

(2 marks)

ANSWERS

a) OS is a set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities

among computer hardware resources.

b) State two function of OS.

Starting a computer.

Provider a user interface.

Managing programs (choose any two answer)

Managing memory

Configuring devices.




20

QUESTION 4

Figure 2 shows the information processing cycle.

Figure 2

a. Component B contains the control unit and arithmetic and logic unit. State one

function for each of the component.

[2 marks]

b. Component D can be classified into two categories. State two the differences

between two of categories.

[2 marks]

ANSWERSa) Component B contains the control unit and arithmetic and logic unit. State one function for

each of the component.

Control Unit : - control all activities within the computer system. (1m)

Arithmetic Logic Unit :-

b) Component D can be classified into two categories. State two the differences between two

of categories. D is a storage

Primary storage Secondary storge

Volatile Non volatile

Non portable Portable (easy to bring)

Faster to access compare secondary storage in

system

Slow to access compare primary

storage in system

INPUT B OUTPUT

D




21

QUESTION 5

Figure 6 shows four operations of a machine cycle.

Based on Figure 6, answer the following questions.

a) The processor consists of two parts. Name X and Y. [2 marks]

b) Name R and state its function. [2 marks]

ANSWERS

(a) X – Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Y – Control Unit

(b) R – Storing

Function- Return/Write the result of instructions to the memory.

Note:

Any relevant answers for the function of R are accepted

PROCESSOR

MEMORYR

X Y




22

QUESTION 6

Table 9 shows the types and usage of utility program.

Types of utility Usage

Pis used to restore the data that has been

physically damaged or corrupted.

Q

R

is a utility program that performs functions

related to files and disk management. For

example we can copy, move, delete,

rename files using this utility program.

Table 9

Based on table 9,

(a) State the type of program utility P and R.

[ 2 marks]

(b) Q is Virus protection. Explain the usage of Q

[ 2 marks]

ANSWERSa)

P = Backup utility

R. = File manager

b)

It is essential that you install antivirus software. Antivirus software is a utility

program that scan the hard disks, floppy disks and memory to detect viruses.




23

QUESTION 7

Based on the diagram 2, answers the question below:

System Software

Operating System Utility Program

Diagram 2

a. State two functions of system software.

[2 Marks]

b. Graphical user interface (GUI) and command line are examples of userinterfaces in operating system. Give two differences between graphicaluser interface and command line.

[2 Marks]

ANSWERS

a.

Controls / maintains the operations of a computer and devices.

Interface between user, application software and computer’s hardware.

b.

Graphical user interface (GUI) Command line interface

User friendly Not user friendly

Graphic based / icon based Text based

Anyone can use as it is icon based Must have computer skill to

communicate with the computer




24

QUESTION 8

The combination of components above are designed to process data and store files

which are

a) Keyboard is an example of input device and monitor is an example of output

device. State another example of input and output device.

[2 marks]

b) State two functions of RAM?

[2 marks]

ANSWERS

a) INPUT DEVICE - MOUSE/SCANNER

OUTPUT DEVICE - PRINTER/SPEAKER

(Any other suitable input and output device.)

b) RAM AS A PRIMARY STORAGE

i. It stores data and programs that can be acceassed directly by the processor.

ii. Ram holds temporary instructions and data needed to complete tasks.

(Any other answers tells the function of RAM)

Figure 5




25

QUESTION 9

(i) State two differences between X and Y.

[2 marks]

(ii) Give another example of X and state a function.

[2 marks]

ANSWERS

Primary storages Secondary storage

Capacity Small Large

Access speed Fast Medium

Cost per MB Expensive Cheap

Portability Fixed Portable


II.ROM – Read Only Memory

Functions :

i) ROM in its strictest sense can only be read from

ii) all ROMs allow data to be written into them at least once, either during initial manufacturing

or during a step called "programming"

iii) Some ROMs can be erased and re-programmed multiple times

Primary Storage

X

Secondary Storage

Y




26

SECTION C

QUESTION 1

(a) What does activities Ahmad do?

Apakah aktiviti-aktiviti telah dilakukan oleh Ahmad ?

[ 3 marks ]

Activities does Ahmad do are :

Ahmad take action procedure scanning virus with Antivirus software. The

activities Ahmad does are :

If an antivirus program identifies an infected file, it attempts to remove

its virus, worm or Trojan horse.

If the antivirus program cannot remove the infection, it often quarantines

the infected file.

Quarantine is a separate area of a hard disk that holds the infected file

until the infection can be removed. This step ensures other files will not

become infected.

(b) Explain two impact of threaten that mention above.

Terangkan dua kesan ancaman yang telah disebut di atas.

[ 4 marks ]

[ 4 marks ]

File or confidential document already saved will be damage.

Virus will destruction all the system computer.

Computer software will be slow causes infected virus.

Distraction emotion of computer user.




27

QUESTION 2

a) Name one example of X

[1 mark]

• CD, CD-ROM, and DVD

•

CD-R:• CD-RW, DVD-RW, and DVD-RAM

• Memory card, Flash drive

b) Give two characteristics of Y.

[2 marks]

CRITERIA RAM

Data and programStores during and after

Processing

ContentStores information

Temporarily

Processing timeVery fast, but uses a lot

of power

VolatilityVolatile- data will lose if the

computer shuts down

c) Explain two differences of W and X.

[4 marks]

CRITERIA PRIMARY STORAGESECONDARY

STORAGE

Holding Data

Cost/ PriceExpensive Cheap

Storage Capacity

Small Large


Access TimeFaster to access compare

secondary storage in system

Slow to access compare

primary storage in system

PortabilityNon portable Portable (easy to bring)




QUESTION 3i. Proprietary OS

• User must have license from vendor before install into computer.

• User get full support from vendor if anything happened to the software.

• User cannot modify the software.

• User must pay to get the proprietary software

• User purchased without its source code.

Open source OS :

• User purchased with its source code.

• User can get open software for free of charge.

• User can modify the software

• User can install software freely into any computer.

• No one is responsible to the software.

ii. Microsoft Access or OpenOffice.org Base because it is suitable for a small scale

businesses.

Benefits :

• Improved data integrity. When a user modifies data in one of the files in

database, the same data will change automatically in all the files.

• Avoid data redundancy. Repetition of data is avoided.

• Data can be shared over a network, by a whole organization.

• Information can be accessed easily. Everyone can be access and manage data

in a database.

• Data security. Data are not accessible to unauthorized user.

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