sch4c organic chem test cheat sheet
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by Steve HallTRANSCRIPT
SCH4C Organic Chemistry Cheat Sheet Unit 3
Alkanes / Alkenes / Alkynes Alkanes: 1 bond between carbons, ends in –ane. Alkenes: 2 bond, ends in –ene. Alkynes: 3 bond, ends in –yne. Use prefixes for these. (meth, eth, prop, etc)
Ethers An organic compound hat has two alkyl groups attached to an oxygen atom. Drawing:
• Good solvents • Relatively high boiling points • Often used as anaesthetics. • Naming: use prefix “oxy” after first prefix
(meth, eth, prop, etc) Naming: Add “oxy” as suffix for smaller
hydrocarbon.
(methoxyethane)
Alcohols Naming: (use suffix, yl)
Drawing:
Aldehydes Naming: Take parent alkane name and add “al” to the end”. (Eg: methanal)
Drawing:
Ketones Naming: Take the parent alkane name and add “one” to the end. (example, “propanone”)
Drawing:
Carboxylic Acids Naming: 2 parts – Tells number of carbons, (meth, eth, prop, etc) Suffix – “anoic acid”
(eg,methanoic acid) Drawing:
Esters Also see Esterification. Naming: 2 parts, from alcohol & acid. Change suffic from anoic to anoate. (Example: ethanol +
butanoic acid = ethyl butanoate) Drawing:
Amines Naming: Add “amino” as prefix. (eg amino methane) Drawing:
Amides Naming: (ex: butanoic acid + aminomethane = methyl butanamide) Drawing:
Isomers Compounds that have the same formula,but different structures and properties. (EXAMPLE: 1-‐butene, 2-‐butene.)
Addition Reactions example: ethene + H2 = ethane. Hydrogens break double bond and make an alkane not alkene.
Substitution Reactions A functional group in a particular chemical compound is replaced by another group.
Complete/Incomplete Combustion Complete: When there is enough oxygen present, hydrocarbons react completely to form CO2 and water. Incomplete: Not enough oxygen, forms CO2, water & side products, CO and C (soot)
Esterification Organic compounds formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol
Polymers • Large molecules that are made by linking
together many smaller monomer molecules • Synthetic polymers make up plastics • Addition polymers – monomers, result from
the addition of subunits that contain 2 or 3 C-‐C bonds. These become single, when connecting with monomers.
• Condensation – formed when monomer units are linked through condensation reactions. Forms polyesters and polyamides.
Definitions structural formula: diagram, condensed formula: simplified (CH3CH2CH3), molecular formula: gives symbols, counts up atoms – C4H10
Definitions Functional groups: Organic compounds’ families. Three types – (1)double and triple bonds between C atoms, (2) carbon bonded to a more electronegative atom, (3) carbon bonded to oxygen
Definitions