scenari e tendenze per le fabbriche del futuro · 20/05/2016 prof. marco macchi ‐politecnico di...

20/05/2016 Prof. Marco Macchi ‐ POLITECNICO DI MILANO

Prof. Marco Macchi

SCENARI E TENDENZE PER LE FABBRICHE DEL FUTURO

20/05/2016 Prof. Marco Macchi – Manufacturing Group ‐ POLITECNICO DI MILANO – copyright 2

“It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but those most responsive to change”

Charles R. Darwin ‐

“The origin of species”, 1859

20/05/2016 Prof. Marco Macchi – Manufacturing Group ‐ POLITECNICO DI MILANO – copyright 320/05/2016 Prof. Marco Macchi ‐Manufacturing Group ‐ POLITECNICO DI MILANO ‐

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Background: mega-trend società, ambiente e tecnologie


La società e l’ambiente

Cambiamenti demografici Scarsità delle risorse naturali

Cambiamenti climatici


Le tecnologieNumber of transistors in Intel microprocessors

Pentium (0,8 m)

Pentium Pro (0,35 m)

Pentium II (0,25 m)

Pentium III (0,25 m)

Pentium 4 (0,18 m)

Pentium M (90 nm)

Core 2 Duo (65 nm)

Core 2 Duo (45 nm)

3rd Gen Core (22 nm)

2nd Gen Core (32 nm)

Source: Intel


Le tecnologie

‘Ubiquitous computing names the third wave in computing, just now beginning. First were mainframes, each shared by lots of people. Now we are in the personal computing era, person and machine staring uneasily at each other across the desktop. Next comes ubiquitous computing, or the age of calm technology, when technology recedes into the background of our lives’’ Weiser, 1991 The computer for the 21st century. Scientific American, special issue on communications, computers, and networks

‘Ubiquitous computing names the third wave in computing, just now beginning. First were mainframes, each shared by lots of people. Now we are in the personal computing era, person and machine staring uneasily at each other across the desktop. Next comes ubiquitous computing, or the age of calm technology, when technology recedes into the background of our lives’’Weiser, 1991 The computer for the 21st century. Scientific American, special issue on communications, computers, and networks

Wireless SensorNetworks

Wearable Technologies

Cloud Computing

RFId

Advanced roboticsInformation System

Actuators

Bluetooth

Wi-Fi Sensors

Big Data analitycs

Virtualization

Smart Devices

Mobile Devices

Additive Manufacturing

Machine to Machine (M2M)

Cyber Physical Systems (CPS)

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

IPv6

Augmented Reality

Human MachineInterface (HMI)

Industrial Analytics

IndustrialInternet

Machine to Business (M2B)

NetworkedSystems


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Background: il Manufacturing in Italia


L’Italia nel manifatturiero mondiale

Rank 2000 2010 2014

Cina

USA

Giappone

Germania

Korea, Rep.

Italia

Brasile

Francia

India

Regno Unito

Russia

Spagna

Messico

USA

Giappone

Cina

Germania

Regno Unito

Italia

Francia

Korea, Rep

Messico

Spagna

Brasile

Canada

India

USA

Giappone

Germania

Italia

Francia

Regno Unito

Cina

Brasile

Spagna

Canada

Korea, Rep

Olanda

Messico

1990

Cina

USA*

Germania

Giappone*

Korea, Rep.

India

Italia

Regno Unito

Francia

Russia

Brasile

Messico

Canada

12345678910111213

Le Top 13 potenze manifatturiere nel MondoValore aggiunto del settore manifatturiero sul GDP Mondiale

Fonte Dati: The World Bank*Proiezione anno 2013


Valore aggiunto per attività nei principali paesi europei [2000-2013; EUR bn, %]

Germania FranciaUKItalia

25%

2000

25%

16%

16%

17%

25%

2013

26%

14%

17%

18%

2013

17%

26%

16%

18%

22%

2000

21%

24%

16%

16%

23%

16%

16%

24%

2013

18%

21%

20%

17%

24%

2000

23%

22%

25%

27%

12%14%

22%

2000

23%

26%

14%

13%

23%

2013 2013

14%

18%

17%

19%

31%

2000

21%

20%

15%

17%

28%

2013

13%

18%

19%

23%

27%

2000

18%

18%

17%

21%

26%

Polonia Spagna

Manifattura4Commercio3Altri servizi1 Pubblica Amministrazione2 Real Estate & Construction

1.841 2.454 165 346 1.071 1.399 570 933 1.453 1.678 1.289 1.845


Produttività del lavoro

Fonte: OECD


Investimenti in immobilizzazioni delle imprese manifatturiere

Fonte: Eurostat


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The Products of the Future


I prodotti del futuro

Verdi Nuovi Materiali

PersonalizzatiConnessiIntelligenti

• Diagnostica• Localizzazione• Sensoristica

• Con il produttore• Con l’utente• Con gli altri oggetti

• Nella concezione/produzione• Nella fruizione/pagamento

• Bassi consumi di energia• Riciclabilità

• Proprietà fisiche e meccaniche• Producibilità


I prodotti e la produzione del futuro

Manufacturing sta evolvendo verso paradigmi di mass customization e personalization

Perchè

la Responsiveness nel Manufacturing ?

La responsiveness porta a molte sfide per il manufacturing


Product variety

Prod

uct volum

es

1850

1913

1955

1980

2000glo

balizat

ion

Time

Craft production


Product variety

Prod

uct volum

es

1850

1950

1980

2000glo

balizat

ion

Time

MASS PRODUCTION1908

“You can have any color for your car as long

as it is black!”(Henry Ford)


Product variety

Prod

uct volum

es

1850

1908

1950

1980

2000globa

lization

Time

Mass Customization

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/22138463/3/supp/C


Products become a service

Product Service to support

product

Service to differentiate

product

Service IS

the product

Service for product

Service for customer

K.D. Thoben 2001

http://images.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.windoweb.it/desktop_foto/foto_auto/foto_auto_029.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.windoweb.it/desktop_foto/foto_auto.htm&h=768&w=1024&sz=63&hl=it&start=2&sig2=FEXqJqwsxn1-FFsu_xsbEw&um=1&tbnid=fnhSbpzHVhfnxM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=150&ei=1_IcR7aBKJmS-gLKtYmzDA&prev=/images?q=auto&svnum=10&um=1&hl=it&rls=SKPB,SKPB:2006-50,SKPB:it&sa=N


Examples of ServitizationCar Sharing: You do not “purchase” and “possess” a car anymore, but you purchase the “usage “ of a car.


Examples of Servitization

Selling flying hours instead of aeronautical engines.


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Come reagire: la vision dello Smart Manufacturing


La Quarta Rivoluzione Industriale

Prima RivoluzioneIndustriale

Seconda RivoluzioneIndustriale

Terza RivoluzioneIndustriale

Quarta RivoluzioneIndustriale

TEMPO1780 1870 1970 oggi

Introduzione di strumenti meccanici di produzione

Organizzazione del lavoro e produzione di massa grazie all’utilizzo dell’energia elettrica

Produzione ulteriormente automatizzata grazie all’utilizzo in fabbrica di sistemi IT ed elettronici

Prodotti e processi interconnessi grazie all’utilizzo in fabbrica dell’Internet delle Cose e delle nuove tecnologie digitali

Prima catena di montaggio (1870)

Primo PLC (1969)

Primo telaio a vapore


Products become smarter (along the life cycle!)

• Information technology helps to improve energy efficiency

• Digital steering and control systems enable improved ergonomics

• Machines can be remotely controlled – humans are freed from working in uncomfortable and dangerous surroundings

• Machines can measure processes and output to optimise performance

• Machines can send data on output, lapsed time, and their own condition over mobile internet

• Improved conditions for fleet management• Need for repair and maintenance can be

anticipated to minimise downtime

Pictures: Sandvik, Ponsse, Metos

Slide courtesy of


Le tecnologie abilitanti

BIG DATA CLOUD COMPUTING& CYBER SECURITY

INTERNET OF THINGS

INTERFACCIA UOMO MACCHINA

AUTOMAZIONEROBOTICA

ADDITIVEMANUFACTURING


ICT Megatrends Technology Push Perspective

Human–centric Manufacturing


Interconnected Manufacturing26

Stamatis KarnouskosCyber‐Physical Systems in manufacturing and production workshopBrussels 30th October 2013


Dal MES (Mfg Execution System) al MOS (Mfg Operating System)

Real/virtual production plant

CPPR – Cyber Physical Production ResourceCPS enabled

production

resources

CPPR 3

Enterprise network (office)

App1 App3 App1 App2 App5 App2 App5

User/Process X User/Process Y User/Process Z

Standard

Production

equipmentAdditional

control

intelligence

+encapsulation

MOS –

Manufacturing Operating SystemApp1 App2

App3 App4

App5 App…

Manufacturing Service Bus / Real time / Industrial Middleware(Shop floor)

M‐Apps are aggregated

and customized based on user and business

needs

Existing

Monolytic

Applications

(e.g. ERP, MES,

…)

Interface Layer

Migration from MES world

Migration from Standard Equipments World

M‐Apps Store ManufacturingWorkspace


Industrial Internet crea opportunità

• New business potential in industrial services

281.7.2014

0101001101110101011011110110110101100101011011100010000001101

0110110111101101110011001010010110100100000011010100110000100

1000000110110101100101011101000110000101101100011011000110100

1011101000111010101101111011101000110010101110100011001010110

1111011011000110110001101001011100110111010101110101011001000

1100101011011000110110001100001001000000110111101101110001000

0001101000011110010111011011000011101001000111010000100000011

0010101110110110000111010010011000011101001000111010000100000

0110110101100101011011100110010101110011011101000111100101101

01101110011011001010110010101101110

Analysis of data

Better machines and equipmentImproved processes

More efficient production


Dal factory floor al Cyber-twin

291.7.2014

Extracted from Lee, J., Bagheri, B., Kao, H., 2015. A Cyber‐Physical Systems architecture for Industry 4.0‐based manufacturing systems. Manufacturing Letters, Volume 3, 18–23.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/22138463/3/supp/C


”Stay hungry, stay foolish.”

Prof. Marco [email protected]+39 335 8282799

mailto:[email protected]

scenari e tendenze per le fabbriche del futuro · 20/05/2016 prof. marco macchi ‐politecnico di...

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