scanning y skimming 2015

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Miembros del grupo: ___________________________ _______________________________ ________________________________

Taking a team from ordinary to extraordinary means understanding and embracing the

difference between management and leadership. According to writer and consultant Peter Drucker, "Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things."

Manager and leader are two completely different roles, although we often use the terms interchangeably. Managers are facilitators of their team members’ success. They ensure

that their people have everything they need to be productive and successful; that they’re well trained, happy and have minimal roadblocks in their path; that they’re being

groomed for the next level; that they are recognized for great performance and coached

through their challenges. Conversely, a leader can be anyone on the team who has a particular talent, who is

creatively thinking out of the box and has a great idea, who has experience in a certain aspect of the business or project that can prove useful to the manager and the team. A

leader leads based on strengths, not titles. The best managers consistently allow different leaders to emerge and inspire their

teammates (and themselves!) to the next level. When you’re dealing with ongoing challenges and changes, and you’re in uncharted

territory with no means of knowing what comes next, no one can be expected to have all

the answers or rule the team with an iron fist based solely on the title on their business card.

I truly believe in Tom Peters’s observation that the best leaders don’t create followers; they create more leaders. When we share leadership, we’re all a heck of a lot smarter, more

nimble and more capable in the long run, especially when that long run is fraught with unknown and unforeseen challenges

A.- Skimming Identificar: Palabras clave: _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Frases Clave: _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tu resumen (español) ________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B.- Scanning

Conteste las siguientes preguntas

1.- Explique la siguiente frase: "Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things."

2.- ¿En qué se diferencian el rol de gerente y de líder? 3.- ¿Qué opina Tom Peters sobre los líderes? 4.- ¿Quién puede ser un líder? C.- Glosario Identifica y traduce las palabras de la especialidad

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Here are the six leadership styles Goleman uncovered among the managers he studied, as well as a brief analysis of the effects of each style on the corporate climate:

The pacesetting leader expects and models excellence and self-direction. If this style were summed up in one phrase, it would be "Do as I do, now." The pacesetting style works best when the team is already motivated and skilled. Used extensively, however, this style can overwhelm team members and squelch innovation.

The authoritative leader mobilizes the team toward a common vision and focuses on end goals, leaving the means up to each individual. If this style were summed up in one phrase, it would be "Come with me." The authoritative style works best when the team needs a new vision because circumstances have changed.It is not the best fit when the leader is working with a team of experts who know more than him or her.

The affiliative leader works to create emotional bonds that bring a feeling of bonding and belonging to the organization. If this style were summed up in one phrase, it would be "People come first." The affiliative style works best in times of stress. This style should not be used exclusively, because it can foster mediocre performance and a lack of direction.

The coaching leader develops people for the future. If this style were summed up in one phrase, it would be "Try this.". It is least effective when teammates are defiant and unwilling to change or learn, or if the leader lacks proficiency.

The coercive leader demands immediate compliance. If this style were summed up in one phrase, it would be "Do what I tell you." However, it should be avoided in almost every other case because it can alienate people and stifle flexibility and inventiveness.

The democratic leader builds consensus through participation. If this style were summed up in one phrase, it would be "What do you think?" The democratic style is most effective when the leader needs the team to buy into or have ownership of a decision, plan, or goal, or if he or she is uncertain and needs fresh ideas from qualified teammates.

A.- Skimming Identificar: Palabras clave: _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Frases Clave: _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tu resumen (español) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B.- Scanning Conteste las siguientes preguntas 1.- ¿Cuáles son los tipos de líderes según Goleman?

2.- ¿En qué consiste el liderazgo autoritario? 3.- ¿Cuándo es más efectivo el líder democrático? 4.- ¿Cuándo no es efectivo el líder afiliativo? C.- Glosario Identifica y traduce las palabras de la especialidad

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Controlling is very important managerial function. It is concerned with taking measures or preventive actions to ensure achievement of organizational goal. Controlling function can be defined as comparison of actual performance with the planned performance. If there is any difference or deviation then finding the reasons for such difference and taking corrective measures or action to stop those reasons so that in future there is match between actual and planned performance. Controlling is not the last function of management but it is the function which being back the management cycle to planning.

Controlling is not the last function of management but it is a continuous process. Controlling is very important part in any business as it checks the deviations. And it also finds out the reasons behind such deviations and takes corrective measures too. In these deviations the corrective measures should be taken urgently to the key areas. The key areas are the areas which can affect your whole organizations. Like if there is Increase in $20 in postal charges and also there is increase in production cost $5. The production cost is the key area as it can affect the surplus of the whole organizations so first corrective measure should be taken toward the production cost. The postal charges can’t be reduced. Also the manager should not waste their time in taking corrective measure for very small deviations as it wastes our time and one can ignore such small deviations. That time manager can easily set in other important tasks of business. Every deviations of controlling should not be taken to top level managers only key areas deviations which are beyond the specific range should be send in the knowledge of top level management.


B.- Scanning Conteste las siguientes preguntas 1.- ¿De qué se ocupa la función de control? 2.- ¿Cuáles son las áreas clave? 3.- ¿Qué puede afectar los costos de producción? 4.- ¿Qué requiere el proceso de control? C.- Glosario Identifica y traduce las palabras de la especialidad

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The Directing Function DIRECTING is said to be a process in which the managers instruct, guide and oversee the performance of the workers to achieve predetermined goals. Directing is said to be the heart of management process. Planning, organizing, staffing have got no importance if direction function does not take place. Directing initiates action and it is from here actual work starts. Direction is said to be consisting of human factors. In simple words, it can be described as providing guidance to workers is doing work. In field of management, direction is said to be all those activities which are designed to encourage the subordinates to work effectively and efficiently. According to Human, “Directing consists of process or technique by which instruction can be issued and operations can be carried out as originally planned” Therefore, Directing is the function of guiding, inspiring, overseeing and instructing people towards accomplishment of organizational goals. Direction has got following characteristics: Pervasive Function - Directing is required at all levels of organization. Every manager provides guidance and inspiration to his subordinates. Continuous Activity - Direction is a continuous activity as it continuous throughout the life of organization. Human Factor - Directing function is related to subordinates and therefore it is related to human factor. Since human factor is complex and behavior is unpredictable, direction function becomes important. Creative Activity - Direction function helps in converting plans into performance. Without this function, people become inactive and physical resources are meaningless. Executive Function - Direction function is carried out by all managers and executives at all levels throughout the working of an enterprise; a subordinate receives instructions from his superior only. Delegate Function - Direction is supposed to be a function dealing with human beings. Human behavior is unpredictable by nature and conditioning the people’s behavior towards the goals of the enterprise is what the executive does in this function. Therefore, it is termed as having delicacy in it to tackle human behavior.


B.- Scanning Conteste las siguientes preguntas 1.- ¿Qué es la Dirección? 2.- ¿De a cuerdo a la gerencia, en qué consiste la dirección? 3.- ¿Cuáles son las características de la dirección? 4.- ¿ En qué consiste la función persuasiva? C.- Glosario Identifica y traduce las palabras de la especialidad

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Extraordinary circumstances call for extraordinary measures. Successful leaders familiarize themselves with different styles of leadership so when an opportunity or a crisis arises, they know how to respond. Without a firm grasp of effective leadership techniques, company leaders may fail to recognize chances to improve productivity, take advantage of a situation, or avert a disaster. Change Periods of change present both threats and opportunities. According to management expert John Kotter, successful leaders implement change in a series of steps. They develop a sense of urgency to motivate others, bring people together to make changes, create and communicate a vision, remove obstacles, and implement short-term and long-term adjustments to policies, procedures and services. If immediate changes can minimize the damage from a natural or manmade disaster, using an autocratic leadership style, at least temporarily, works reliably. Innovation Successful businesses introduce new products and services to capture new markets. Using innovative methods, they reduce operating costs, improve quality, and increase customer satisfaction. This allows them to avoid financial problems and takeover bids from competitors. According psychologist Daniel Goleman, a leader using the pace-setting leadership style sets high performance standards for his subordinates. Collaboration During both successful periods and crisis situations, leaders need to get people to work together. In a crisis, using a command style works when a leader requires immediate compliance to ensure safety. During these stressful times, using an affiliative style helps team members bond, but nurturing subordinates may foster mediocre performance in the long run. Using the democratic style, a leader achieves consensus through team participation. Motivation Companies face daily challenges, both short-term and long-term. Effective leaders motivate the workforce to maintain high productivity levels. Using the coaching style, a leader encourages subordinates to try out new techniques. This can lead to breakthroughs and success. In difficult times, such as a financial crisis, a leader may need to use the coercive style to control team members and force them to do work in a different way. In general, though, this style can alienate and disenfranchise people.


B.- Scanning Conteste las siguientes preguntas 1.- ¿Cuáles son las técnicas de liderazgo? 2.- ¿En qué consiste la innovación? 3.- ¿En qué consiste la motivación? 4.- ¿ Qué tipo de líder se necesita en tiempos de crisis financiera? C.- Glosario Identifica y traduce las palabras de la especialidad

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Situational leadership is a management style developed by noted management gurus Ken Blanchard and Paul Hersey. The fundamental precept of situational leadership is that there is no one "best" style of leadership, and that the most successful leaders are the ones who can adapt their style to a given situation. Situational leadership consists of four general styles of management. Coaching Coaching is a type of situational leadership style that involves a great deal of "hands-on" involvement in an employee's work process. According to Money-Zine.com, coaching is most beneficial when the employee displays weaknesses that need improvement. For coaching to be effective, the employee must acknowledge the weakness and indicate a desire to improve. An example of coaching is when a sales manager spends time on the road making calls with a struggling salesperson in an effort to improve her performance. Directing The directing leadership style typically involves taking over a challenging situation and applying specific knowledge and experience to right the ship. For example, if your business is struggling to establish its brand, a skilled marketing manager can be brought in to develop a marketing strategy to create brand awareness. A directing-type manager will establish clear goals and objectives for his work area as well as his staff, although staff members have some latitude as to the process used to meet the goals. Delegating The delegating style places more of the responsibility on the shoulders of the workers as opposed to the managers. The manager is able to provide guidance, but only when needed or requested by the employees, and serves in more of a consultant capacity. This style is most effective with an experienced staff that can work independently. It also allows for maximum creativity in how employees choose to go about accomplishing a task. Supporting Style In the supporting style, the leader plays more of a motivational role. Her main function is to attempt to instill confidence in the workers so they eventually become more self-sufficient and productive. This method is often referred to as a "selling" style because the manager attempts to persuade the employees that they have the ability to perform the job. This style typically involves the assigning of tasks by the manager while providing support as needed.


B.- Scanning Conteste las siguientes preguntas 1.- ¿Qué es el liderazgo situacional? 2.- ¿En qué consiste el coaching? 3.- ¿Cuándo es eficiente el estilo delegador? 4.- ¿ Qué hace un líder directivo? C.- Glosario Identifica y traduce las palabras de la especialidad

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Situational leadership is a leadership style that has been developed and studied by Kenneth Blanchard and Paul Hersey. Situational leadership refers to when the leader or manager of an organization must adjust his style to fit the development level of the followers he is trying to influence. With situational leadership, it is up to the leader to change his style, not the follower to adapt to the leader’s style. In situational leadership, the style may change continually to meet the needs of others in the organization based on the situation. Drs. Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard developed the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory, a trademarked model of leadership for accomplishing any business goal or task. The theory gives you a choice of several well-defined leadership styles that you can apply at the appropriate time to any task based on what your followers can do and the details of the task itself. Leadership Styles The Hersey-Blanchard model describes four types of leadership styles from which skilled leaders should choose, depending on the dynamics of the situations they’re expected to lead. The leadership styles are telling, selling, participating and delegating. The telling style requires basically giving orders. The selling style requires coaching or convincing followers to accept the wisdom behind the leader’s decisions. The participating style requires getting followers to contribute ideas and wisdom to the decision-making. The delegating style requires handing almost all decision-making over to the followers. Task Requirements Accomplishing a task, however big or small, can have several steps. What it takes to accomplish a particular step or the overall task can change over time. Leaders trained in Situational Leadership practice switching leadership styles in response to changes in what a task requires. Situational leaders also adjust their leadership styles based on how followers change as accomplishment of the task progresses. The more confident, willing and capable your followers become at any point, the less leadership structure you’ll need to provide for them to help them succeed.


B.- Scanning Conteste las siguientes preguntas 1.- ¿Qué es el liderazgo situacional? 2.- ¿Quiénes son los teóricos sobre el tema? 3.- Explique los estilos de liderazgo 4.- ¿ Cómo se logran las tareas? C.- Glosario Identifica y traduce las palabras de la especialidad

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Situational leadership calls for managers to consider the situation at hand and adapt their leadership style to it. Such a style has proven to be effective, as companies that have managers utilizing this type of leadership tend to be more successful than those that do not, according to a study published in the July 2001 "Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied." Nevertheless, situational leadership is not without its negatives. Managers who use this style should be aware of employee perceptions and recognize its natural limitations. Confusion When working with people who are striving to meet your expectations, consistency is crucial. If situational leadership is applied to a management situation inexpertly, the result can be visible behavioral inconsistency on the part of the supervisor. Employees may not know what sort of response to expect from the manager from day to day, potentially creating an environment of fear and uncertainty. When applying situational leadership techniques, make sure that you are not altering your personality -- merely your words. Leadership or Management? Although termed "situational leadership style," one criticism of this method is that it is in fact a management technique rather than an actual leadership style. For example, according to organizational consultant Warren Bennis, "the manager has a short-range view; the leader has a long-range perspective." It could be argued that when a manager adapts her problem-solving style to a specific situation, she is using a short-term problem-solving approach. This isn't to say that situational leadership isn't effective, however, merely that it may simply be misnamed. Outside Factors The success of the situational leadership style varies depending on outside factors. Management professor David Boje at New Mexico State University points out that situational leadership denies the ability of good leaders to change the situation before they modify their response to it. Boje also discusses the fact that there is an equal chance that the situation will change in response to leadership as there is the possibility that the leader will alter the circumstances.


B.- Scanning Conteste las siguientes preguntas 1.- ¿Por qué es efectivo el liderazgo situacional? 2.- ¿Cuáles son los elementos negativos del Liderazgo situacional? 3.- ¿Qué niega este tipo de liderazgo? 4.- ¿ Cuál es la crítica a este estilo? C.- Glosario Identifica y traduce las palabras de la especialidad

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It's important to effectively define each job description in your company, according to the U.S. Small Business Administration. By clearly defining each employee's role, you can attract the best candidates for positions, measure progress and success and spell out the responsibilities that are expected in each job. While administration and management positions may overlap and share a number of responsibilities, there are clear differences. Administration The role of business administrators is primarily centered on carrying out the tasks and duties defined by management. Business administrators direct the flow of work that allows your company to operate effectively, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Managers of administrative offices typically oversee billing and accounting departments, human resources, contract development and oversight, and records management. They may direct the flow of communications within and outside the company. Secretarial workers and administrative assistants provide support services for management as well. Management Management encompasses decision-makers who often run the company. The duties of the management team often involve organizing the operations and overseeing its continuity. Business management typically looks at the big picture to ensure the company remains profitable and may adjust administrative duties to reflect market changes, handle an increase in business or reduce the workforce when income decreases. Management usually defines company goals and prepares strategic plans for growth. They supervise department heads and often serve as the face of the company in public


B.- Scanning Conteste las siguientes preguntas 1.- ¿Por qué es importante establecer la diferencia entre estos dos conceptos? 2.- ¿Cuál es el rol del administrador? 3.- ¿Qué implica gerenciar? 4.- ¿ Cuál es la diferencia? C.- Glosario Identifica y traduce las palabras de la especialidad

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Key difference: Administration

frames the objectives and

policies of an organization.

Management implements

these policies and objectives

Management and administration are at times used interchangeably;

however, there are two different levels of the organization. The

administration is the top level of the organization with the decisive

functions. They are responsible for determining the policies and

objectives of the organization or the firm. Management, on the other

hand is the middle level executive function. They implement the policies and objectives as decided

by the administration.

The administration includes the people who are either owners or

partners of the firm. They usually contribute to the firm’s capital

and earn profits or returns on their investment. The main

administrative function is handling the business aspects of the firm,

such as finance. Other administrative functions usually include

planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling and budgeting.

Administration must integrate leadership and vision, to organize

the people and resources, in order to achieve common goals and

objectives for the organization.

Management usually incorporates the employees of the firm who use their skills for the firm in

return for remuneration. Management is responsible for carrying out the strategies of the

administration. Motivation is the key factor of a management. Management must motivate and

handle the employees. It can be said that management is directly under the control of

administration.

. A.- Skimming

Identificar: Palabras clave: ___________________________________________________________________________ Frases Clave:______________________________________________________________________________ Tu resumen (español) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B.- Scanning Conteste las siguientes preguntas 1.- ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre estos dos conceptos? 2.- ¿De qué se encarga la gerencia? 3.- ¿De qué se encarga la administración? 4.- ¿Cuál nivel elemento (gerencia/ administración), está a cargo del otro? C.- Glosario Identifica y traduce las palabras de la especialidad

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If you're considering a business degree, start by looking at the difference between business administration and business management. You've likely noticed that some colleges offer a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) while others offer a Bachelor of Science (BS) in Business Management, sometimes called a Bachelor of Business Management. Is there a difference? How do you know which one is right for you? There is a difference between administration and general management, but it's fairly subtle. A degree in management focuses more on planning and organizing, whereas a degree in business administration provides a broad background and then allows the student to focus on a specialized area of business. Business Administration and Business Management: Course Requirements Both business management and administration degrees typically include the same core subjects, including marketing, accounting, economics and finance. These subjects give students a background in how businesses work, from how products are sourced and manufactured to how they are marketed and sold and finally, to how the money is managed and used to grow the business. A student of business management will generally then go on to take additional courses in related areas, with subjects that may include communications, logistics, decision-making, information systems and human resources. These courses can prepare a business management student for a job supervising or managing other people. Business Degree Specializations A degree in business management can prepare you for a management role in most types of organizations and provide a broad foundation to help you understand how businesses operate. Often, a business adminstration student will choose to specialize in a specific area such as marketing, accounting or finance. Business administration students can also specialize in other fields such as entrepreneurship, healthcare management, international business or operations management. The area of focus that a student chooses is often called a specialization, focus or concentration. This focus determines which courses the student will take and they types of careers for which they can be prepared. For example, students who pursue a specialization in marketing would take core courses as noted above along with other business students. They then would take additional courses focused on marketing, such as pricing theory, public relations, consumer behavior, demand analysis, advertising and promotion management, market segments, and more.

A.- Skimming Identificar: Palabras clave: ___________________________________________________________________________ Frases Clave:______________________________________________________________________________ Tu resumen (español) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B.- Scanning Conteste las siguientes preguntas 1.- ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre estos Administración y gerencia de negocios? 2.- ¿Cuáles son los requerimientos de cursos (materias)? 3.- ¿Cuáles son las especializaciones? 4.- ¿Si te quieres enfocar en mercadeo, qué cursos debes tomar? C.- Glosario Identifica y traduce las palabras de la especialidad

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If you're looking to hire a new manager, it might not be as simple as promoting your best employee. A team member who is successful doing his job independently might not have the skills needed to lead others. Taking stock of key managerial skills is the first step to developing a list of attributes needed by the individual stepping into the role. Sets Clear Goals and Performance Expectations A key managerial skill is to be able to set employee goals that will advance the company's vision. This involves understanding which targets are realistic and achievable by her workforce, as well as what is required by the company. For example, if the manager's division has required revenue targets, the manager must be able to set goals related to the process of earning revenue and develop periodic markers that measure employee progress along the way. Provides Ongoing and Constructive Feedback A good manager must be able to provide feedback to employees about the job they're doing, in a way that encourages them to do better. She must be able to pinpoint areas of weakness and suggest specific techniques that can help the employee improve. Communication with employees must be a two-way street; she should be able to hear each employee's perspective as to why his performance has been less than stellar and take that into account when making suggestions. Understands and Articulates a Clear Vision A manager must have a thorough understanding of the vision of the company. In as much as she gets that vision from her bosses, she must in turn communicate that vision to those under her leadership. She must ensure team members are working collaboratively toward the vision and keep all employees on the same page. She should solicit input from employees to encourage their feeling of empowerment, while encouraging them to keep their eyes on the company's overall goal. Strategic Thinking and Business Development Managers should have strong business development skills; they should be able to spot areas where the company can work more efficiently or develop additional revenue streams. A good manager should keep an eye on the competition at all times and be aware of her company's place in the market. As she is committed to encouraging her team, she is committed to providing insights to the company as to how it can work better and outpace its competitors.


B.- Scanning Conteste las siguientes preguntas 1.- ¿Qué habilidades debe tener un gerente? 2.- ¿En qué consiste el establecimiento de metas claras y expectativas de desempeño? 3.- ¿Cómo debe ser la comunicación? 4.- ¿En qué consiste el pensamiento estratégico? C.- Glosario Identifica y traduce las palabras de la especialidad

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What makes a good leader is the use of effective management skills such as spending 50 percent or more of their time listening carefully. Great leaders understand that some of the best leadership qualities demand listening to others with undivided attention. When CEO Alan Mulally arrived at Ford, he used a technique he had refined at Boeing. He found a way to instantly change the senior executives on his team from talkers to listeners by changing the way he evaluated his team’s performance. So those executives who were smart enough to leave lots of time for Q & A got better grades than those who lectured. And those managers who encouraged a dialogue with the team came out on top. Great leaders with excellent management skills encourage input and change, and the best way to measure them is based on feedback they get from their best people. People usually give the best scores to leaders you trust and to leaders who listen. THE MOST ESSENTIAL LEADERSHIP QUALITIES Integrity is perhaps the most valued and respected quality of leadership and one of the most important management skills you need to attain. By saying what you’ll do and then doing what you say, you will build trust around your team. Do you stand up and speak out for what you believe? Do you demonstrate the courage to stay the course when the going gets tough and the outcome looks uncertain? What makes a good leader is the ability to stay calm and in control, especially when everyone around them is wondering whether it’s the right decision or if it was a mistake to commit to a particular course of action. When you exude confidence in yourself, in the decision, and in the people around you, you instill the same feelings and attitudes in others. Leaders have what is called “courageous patience.” Between the decision and the result, there is always a period of uncertainty when no one knows if the effort is going to be successful. To be a successful leader, you must strive to have these essential leadership qualities. If you have lived with this feeling many times in your career, you’re in good company.


B.- Scanning Conteste las siguientes preguntas 1.- ¿Cuál es la principal habilidad de un gran líder? 2.- ¿Cuál fue la técnica que Mulally usó con su equipo de ejecutivos? 3.- ¿Cuál es la cualidad más valorada del liderazgo? 4.- Menciona otra cualidad importante en un líder C.- Glosario Identifica y traduce las palabras de la especialidad

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The public administration term has a latin origin and comes from the latin „administer” which means servant, or from another point of view, instrument. The verb „administro” means to lead, direct or lend a helping hand. The word „administer” almost synonimous with „minister” –which means: servant, care-taker, helper was formed from the root „minus”-„minor”, which means „less” and the prefix „ad”, which point direction, „sensul” and highlights the state of inferiority related to „magister”, translated as the one who orders, the superior, the boss – word that was formed from „magis”, which means more (Matei, 2006).In the Romanian dictionary, administration refers to the activity of administrating, leading, directing, as well as to the total of administrative organs in a country or section of an institution encharged with administrating that institution. The Ilustrative Oxford Dictionary defines administration as business management, public affairs management, governing. In the Public Administration Dictionary (Fox & Meyer, 1996) is shown that administration involves performing activities by persons encharged with common objectives. Some authors believe that administration means public affairs management or the way in which a country functions in exerting government duties (Maheshwari, 2002).Administration is the most obvious part of governance, it is the governance itself, it is the executive side, the operational one, the most visible part of governance, and it is of course, as old as the governanace itself (Pestrit, 2005).Of all the numerous meanings that the term of administration can have, the accent is predominantly put on what public administration means, having as purpose to clarify the meaning the later has. Most of the times there is a tendency to confuse the terms, although at a closer examination, the aspect that differentiates administration and public administration is the purpose and the method of organizing activities. Defining public administration is necessary, firstly in order to establish the general boundaries and to express the main concept of discipline and practices of public administration, secondly in order to help including this area in a large political, economical and social context, and third to be able to show that by considering the major definitions of public administration there are three major approaches for this field (Ioan, 2007). Administration is that it refers to two distinct, but close activities: a professional practice and an academic area. On one hand, it refers to administrating or management of the aspects related to society, politics and its subparts that are not private, familial, commercial or individualist, and on the other hand, it refers to the disciplined study of these aspects (Marini, 2000)


B.- Scanning Conteste las siguientes preguntas 1.- ¿Explique los orígenes de la definición de Administrador público? 2.- ¿Cómo define Administración pública el Ilustrative Oxford Dictionary? 3.- ¿Por qué es necesario definir la administración pública? 4.- ¿Qué aspectos diferencian la Administración y la Administración pública? C.- Glosario Identifica y traduce las palabras de la especialidad

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Simply, managerial skills represent a knowledge and ability of the individual on a managerial position to fulfill some specific managerial activities or tasks. This knowledge and ability can be learned and practiced. However, they also can be acquired through practical implementation of required activities and tasks. Therefore, each skill can be developed through learning and practical experience from the individuals. There are many definitions about skills that talk about talent. Talent is something personal related with an individual and represents a native gift from the nature about that something inside that talented persons. All persons cannot be artists. Usually, artists are born with the gift of art, but despite their talent they continue to develop their talent to improve their art skills. When we talk about managerial skills, we talk about skills of a manager to maintain high efficiency in the way how his or her employees complete their everyday working tasks. Because of that, managers will need skills that will help them to manage people and technology to ensure an effective and efficient realization of their working tasks. Three Types of Managerial Skills Robert Katz identifies three types of skills that are essential for a successful management process:

Technical, Conceptual and Human or interpersonal managerial skills.

Technical Skills As the name of these skills tells us, they give the manager’s knowledge and ability to use different techniques to achieve what they want to achieve. Technical skills are not related only for machines, production tools or other equipment, but also they are skills that will be required to increase sales, design different types of products and services, market the products and services… Conceptual Skills Conceptual skills present knowledge or ability of a manager for more abstract thinking. That means he can easily see the whole through analysis and diagnosis of different states in order to predict the future of the business or department as a whole. Human or Interpersonal Managerial Skills Human or interpersonal managerial skills present a manager’s knowledge and ability to work with people. One of the most important management tasks is to work with people. Without people, there will not be a need for existence of management and managers.


B.- Scanning Conteste las siguientes preguntas 1.- ¿Qué son las habilidades gerenciales? 2.- ¿ Cuáles son las habilidades gerenciales 3.- ¿Estas habilidades son innatas? Explique 4.- ¿En qué se diferencian las habilidades técnicas de las humanas? C.- Glosario Identifica y traduce las palabras de la especialidad

scanning y skimming 2015

Education

things right leadership

right things

different leaders

best managers

pacesetting leader

team members success

leadership styles goleman

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