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SCALESCALE--UPUP

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ScaleScale--up is the complex of up is the complex of techniques and methodologiestechniques and methodologies

employed to transfer to theemployed to transfer to the

production scale aproduction scale a

fermentation processfermentation process

developed on a smaller scale.developed on a smaller scale.

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 Not necessarily a one-way procedure---

from small to large In practice the complex nature of the

 processes involved requires a scale-

down operation to obtain an additionalinformation

Scale-down is a basic part of any scale-

up procedure.

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Scale-up is a highly interdisciplinary

task , requiring the combined andintegrated use of concepts and

methodologies of both chemical

engineering and living cell physiology

There is no unique and universal scale-

up procedure, as each process is likelyto present its own peculiarities and

difficulties

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Effects of Fermentation ScaleEffects of Fermentation Scale

Most results of scale have been

obtained with series of geometrically similar fermenters---

---vessels whose linear dimensions

stand in the same ratios to eachother on the different scales

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Parameters affected by scaleParameters affected by scale

 Number of generations

Development of proceduresSterilization of culture medium

Aeration and agitationHeat transfer 

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Number of generationsN

umber of generations The number of generations required to

achieve a given final biomass concentration

x is obviously a function of fermenter 

volume.