scalar and vector, measurement, accuracy etc
DESCRIPTION
just a simple p.pointTRANSCRIPT
1.3 : Scalar Quantities and Vector Quantities
1. Some physical quantities are used to describe the motion of objects.
2. These quantities can be divided into two categories :
a) Scalar quantityb) Vector quantity
i. Scalar quantity A girl walks 4 meters.Magnitude : _________Direction :__________
ii. Vector quantity A girl walks 4 meters
East.Magnitude : _________Direction : __________
1.3 : Scalar Quantities and Vector Quantities
i. Scalar quantity A girl walks 4 meters.Magnitude : 4 metersDirection : No
direction
ii. Vector quantity A girl walks 4 meters
East.Magnitude : 4 metersDirection : East
A scalar quantity is a physical
quantity which has magnitude only
A vector quantity is a physical quantity
which has both magnitude and
direction.
Do the exercise on Science Process Skill page 5
1.4 : MEASUREMENT
Measurement is the process of determining the value of a
physical quantity using scientific instruments
The length of an object can be measured by using a metre rule, vernier callipers or micrometer screw
gauge.
Accuracy in measurement is the degree of closeness of a measurement
value to the actual value
1.5 : ACCURACY, CONSISTENCY AND SENSITIVITY
A measurement with a smaller
percentage error has a
higher accuracy
Consistency (precision) is the
degree of uniformity or
reproducibility of the measurements.
inaccurate but consistent consistent and accurate
accurate but not consistent inaccurate and not consistent
Sensitivity is the ability of an instrument to detect small changes in the physical quantity being
measured
A measuring instrument which has smaller scale divisions is more
sensitive
A more sensitive measuring instrument is able to :
1. Detect very small changes in the physical quantity that is being measured.
2. Respond more quickly towards changes in the physical quantity that is being measured.
RANDOM ERRORS Uncertainties in the
measurement due to:
SYSTEMATIC ERRORS
Uncertainties in the measurement due
to:
1. Observer (parallax error)
2. The surroundings
3. The instruments
1. Observer 2. The surroundings3. The instruments
(zero error)
Repeat measurements (taking several readings)
and calculating the average
Using different instruments and taking
measurements carefully