scalable, game-based citizen science: developing hybrid … · 2019-12-20 · scalable, game-based...
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Scalable, game-based citizen science: Developing hybrid intelligence and fostering a population thinking like scientists
Jacob Sherson, Founder and director of ScienceAtHome and the Center for Hybrid Intelligence
Digitrascope, 30/10 2019
https://hybridintelligence.eu/ sponsored by Carlsberg Foundation
Part 1: the long term perspective of AIPart 2: behind the AI-hypePart 3: Hybrid intelligence: Engaging citizens in the mapping of the human-AI boundaryPart 4: Research-Enabling Game-Based Education: fostering a generation Thinking Like a ScientistPart 5: Quantifying the unquantifiable: assessing and fostering 21st century skills
Are we approaching a singularity?
Ray KurzweilPredicts we will reachsingularity in 2045.
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2045
Analyticalengine
Colossus
Univac I
Apple II
IBM PC
PowerMac 64
IBM1130
Surpasses brainpower ofmouse in 2015
Surpasses brainpower of human in 2023
Surpasses brainpower equivalent to that of allhuman brains combined
2023
2045
2015
0.00001
100 000
1
1020
1015
1026
10 000 000 000
Mac Pro
Life 3.0
Max TegmarkLife 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Are we the generation that will experiencethe singularity?
source: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14236
Human levelor beyond
Part 1: the long term perspective of AIPart 2: behind the AI-hypePart 3: Hybrid intelligence: Engaging citizens in the mapping of the human-AI boundaryPart 4: Research-Enabling Game-Based Education: fostering a generation Thinking Like a ScientistPart 5: Quantifying the unquantifiable: assessing and fostering 21st century skills
Are we really approaching a singularity?Ray KurzweilPredicts we will reachsingularity in 2045.
Need to understand human ability to compute based on little amount of data (intuition or common sense)
Gary Marcus; Deep Learning: A Critical Appraisal https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.00631
VSJust because something appears to be intelligent for a moment or two doesn't means that it really is…
In the world of hybrid intelligence, we need to understand ourselves much better
Daniel Kahneman,
author
• Automation of System 2 tasks (chess)
• Our every day decisions (intuition, creativity) still pose challenges
Fast
Unconscious
Automatic
EverydayDecisions
Error prone
Slow
Conscious
Effortful
ComplexDecisions
Reliable
System 2System 1
Democratic challenge: tech-companies should not monopolize big-data insights
source: https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a15895746/bust-big-tech-silicon-valley/
Part 1: the long term perspective of AIPart 2: behind the AI-hypePart 3: Hybrid intelligence: Engaging citizens in the mapping of the human-AI boundaryPart 4: Research-Enabling Game-Based Education: fostering a generation Thinking Like a ScientistPart 5: Quantifying the unquantifiable: assessing and fostering 21st century skills
https://hybridintelligence.dk/
In the world of hybrid intelligence, don’t just buildinterfaces/products based on a technical solution.
Incoporate (or expand upon) newest human cognitive insightsto create true synergetic hybrid solutions
Specific challenge: understanding and supportingcomplex problem solving
…
Our approach: involving +300k citizens in the quest for hybrid intelligence
+250k citizen helping construct Our Quantum Computer
JJ Sørensen et al. Nature 2016
The coldestcrystal in the world (~4nK)
Presenting complex natural science problems as games
Computer science:NP Hard Problems Millenium Math Challenge:
Turbulence
Statistical thinking
Quantum Physics Experimental control
Presenting complex natural science problems as games
Experimental control
Top player statement (retiredmicrowave systems engineer): ”To me, playing this game was just likemy old work. I never understood
all details of the microwavesystems but decades of
experience must have given mean intuitive understanding of how
to change the black box”
Citizen science games can:• Generate new domain specific knowledge• Offer generic insights into the process of complex problem solving• Facilitate meta‐cognitive reflection in the participants (Thinking like a
scientist)
The ScienceAtHome social science supercollider
Research:1. Realistic (NOT WEIRD*) settings for collective behavior… 2. with precise instrumentation and measurement…3. studied longitudinally over periods of time…4. with a high degree of experimental control (A/B testing).* Social science so far has mainly been confined to lab studies involving students or graduates who are Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic
Virtual world simulator
What are the effects of different policies on economic inequality?
What are the causal effects of American vs. Danish systems of government on a given population?
Do the macroeconomic policies enacted by central banks (e.g. ECB, Federal Reserve) actually work as intended?
The first super collider games
Cognitive profiling, phase1: Systematic validation of basic cognitive skills
Starting position
Memorize Recall
Corsiblocks
Groton mazelearning
Tower of London tasks
Goal position
Skill Lab, the missing link between microscopic and macroscopic data
We believe that equal access to data willlead to equal access of knowledge.
Our cognitive science exploration game has applications including team formation personalised education, diagnostics, and policy advice towards equal opportunity societies.
The citizen science of ###? (### insert your field)
Hyper-personalization through making a pact with customers/citizens
Big take away: Google believes in AI first, we should think HI first!
Part 1: the long term perspective of AIPart 2: behind the AI-hypePart 3: Hybrid intelligence: Engaging citizens in the mapping of the human-AI boundaryPart 4: Research-Enabling Game-Based Education: fostering a generation Thinking Like a ScientistPart 5: Quantifying the unquantifiable: assessing and fostering 21st century skills
The upcoming quantum education Flagship (100 M€)
Online May 2019
Existing models of CSBonney et al. 2009: 3 categories of Cit. Sci.: ~Brandt et al. (2010) - 3 models of CS
- Contributory- Collaborative- Co-created
Smithsonian Center for Science Education
Uni-directional
Transactional
Transformational
Price & Lee (2013): 2 models of contributory model: passive contribution and active contribution
English et al. Pyramid of participatory research
Why Research-Enabling Game-Based Education (REGAME)?
• Educational solutions for scalibility and motivation in 21st century education:• Game-based education
• has been attacked for being ”chocolate covered broccoli” (educational but not fun, or fun but not educational)
• Inquiry-based science education (IBSE)• Either addresses grand challenges at the risk of fluffyness or a well
defined role-playing game in which the teacher knows the solution• Challenging to couple to concrete analytic skills in higher grades
when STEM approaches final quantitative assessment
• REGAME increases student motivation • By providing ”epic meaning” through a direct link between the core curriculum
and front-line R&D challenges (i.a. global sustainability goals)• By demonstrating to the students that knowledge is not static but can be
expanded/explored even without a 10 year research education (open endedexploration)
• By turning normal teaching upside down: first explore the engaging/epicperspectives of the subject matter using with a powerful yet intuitive interface and then ”open the hood of the Ferrari” to understand the underlyingformalism. ”Challenged”
”Gifted”
Intuition Analytical
Under explored
How can we use classical physics to perform betterin Quantum Moves?
The sloshing quantum “liquid” is very similar to:• Sloshing water• A ball rolling in a bowl• A pendulum• A spring
Newton’s equations
ScienceAtHome youtube channel: ScienceAtHome - Potential Penguin
How should I move a bowl to make an oscillating ball stop (or push a swing)?
29
To remove energy you must shake the bowl in the same frequency as the rolling ball but with opposite phase. (Just like pushing a swing)
Towards transformational citizen science –an anthropological study of the scientific methods
Assignment – decompose elements of the our scientific approach
The Citizen Science Notebook –a digital tool for scaffolding the scientific method
https://www.scienceathome.org/education/citsci‐research‐tool/
The Citizen Science Notebook –a digital tool for scaffolding the scientific methodStudent publication framework
https://www.scienceathome.org/education/citsci‐research‐tool/
Use-case 1: Big ideas and socio-scientific issues (current test w/ 10th grade)
Why did the western culture become dominant? Natural scientific argumentation (logicalreasoning) and communication(referencing a critically evaluatinglitterature)The students will based on selected readingmaterial propose hypotheses such as becauseof:• Difference between races• Differences in natural environments• Better navigational techniquesIn the CSNB, the students will then addsupportive or contradicting arguments and thereby build a connected tree of knowledgeand arguments. In this way, the students willboth identify ultimate and proximatesubstantiated hypotheses and falsifiedhypotheses.
Why did mankind become ruler of the earth?
https://www.scienceathome.org/education/citsci‐research‐tool/
Usecase: • Define an open question• Curate the relevant litterature
Units of information:Just one fact/argument per publication
Final report
Possible division of roles in the class: • Compiler/editor• Fact and logical
argument finderFinal report will be evaluated based on the quality of the argumentation AND the correct and diverse identification of sources of knowledge (bonus points when the entire team contributes )
Final report
Falsified hypotheses
Post-reflektion: Observing the birth and death of hypothesesAfter the session, we willvisualize the generatedknowledge tree and therebyfoster meta-reflection over the used methodology.
https://www.scienceathome.org/education/citsci‐research‐tool/
Use-case 2: Citizen science
• The students generate new scientific results• Share them so others can extend upon them• Write “publications” with reflections on strategies
on the basis of quantum or classical physics phenomena such as movement of a pendulum or a ball in a bowl.
https://www.scienceathome.org/education/citsci‐research‐tool/
Use-case 3: computational thinking and simulations
Eksempel fra Silkeborg Gymnasium: Potentialer i Web 2.0
Arthur Hjort
Mathematics is (primarily) the language of the STEM topicsInformatics is (soon) the language of all topics
Mitchell Resnick (MIT): Coding is a new way for people to share ideas with the
world– an extended form of writing.
Part 1: the long term perspective of AIPart 2: behind the AI-hypePart 3: Hybrid intelligence: Engaging citizens in the mapping of the human-AI boundaryPart 4: Research-Enabling Game-Based Education: fostering a generation Thinking Like a ScientistPart 5: Quantifying the unquantifiable: assessing and fostering 21st century skills
Cognitive profiling, phase 2: Measuring 21st century skillsOur philosophy: Start to assess what we value instead of valuing what we can assess!!!
We start with creativity
See a review of frameworks herehttp://exploresel.gse.harvard.edu/
Open Ended Problem Solving
CREATIVE FORAGING GAME
OPEN CREATIVITY
PIC BREEDER
CRYSTAL CROP FEVER
ALIEN GAME
QUANTUM MOVES
Players move one square at a time forming various ‘interesting’ Decominoes.
Players rotate two rectangles which form a shape where they overlap.
Players pick images which they want to evolve. Other players further evolve those images.
Players use various search strategies to maximize points in a 2D complex landscape.
Players decode an alien’s 8 tile long message by changing up to two binary tiles at a time.
Players transcend time and space in a game that exists in multiple planes of reality.
Artificial tasks, Low Complexity
Real world, High Complexity
Comparing creativity to complex problem solving- can artist learn from scientists and AI and vice versa?
ScienceAtHome team
GAME DEVELOPMENT
DESIGN AND SOUND
EDCUATION
QUANTUM EXPERIMENT
QUANTUM THEORY
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
ORGANIZATION
DATA OUTREACH
Anders Lund
Emil Stephansen
Emil Blæsbjerg Rahbek
Florian Korsakissok
Jacob Laurits BesenbacherKjeldsen
Kenneth Mathias Pedersen
Christian Poulsen
Asbjørn Gjøderum-Svenningsen
Nikolaj Lund Sloth
Jacob Sherson Ulrik K. RoosRobert Heck Jens Schultz
LaustsenOttóElíasson
Carrie Weidner
Jonathan Satchell
Peter Kjærgaard
Beata Biskupicova
Plamen Petkov Jeppe Grøn
Janet Rafner
ShaeemaZaman
Stefan Vidovic
Louise Kindt
Janni Ohrt Mads Kock
Miroslav Gajdacz
Christian Bach
Patricia Toth
Mariam TizarHansson
Jonas Korshøj
Katrine Nymann
Carsten Bergenholtz
Oana Vuculescu
Carlos Díaz Rajiv Basaiawmoit
Jens Jakob Sørensen
Jesper HasseriisMohr Jensen
Mogens Dalgaard
Jakub Czarkowski
CollaboratorsAarhus UniversityArtsCOMMUNICATION AND CULTURE
DANISH SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS
MANAGEMENTPOLITICAL SCIENCE
ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS
Business and Social Science
Science
PHYSICSDEAN’S OFFICE
ENGI-NEERING
BIO-INFORMATICS
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
PSYCHOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY
Advanced Studies HealthCLINICAL MEDICINE
BIO-MEDICINE PSYCHOLOGY
PHYSICS, MATH, ENGINEERING
PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES
CORPORATE INOVATION NEUROSCIENC
E
ExternalDIDACTICS; EDUCATION, LEARNING SCIENCES
SAMRT CITIESSCIENCE ENGAGEMENT
MEDICINE
AI AND MACHINE LEARNING
Morten Christiansen,computationalneuroscience
Peter Dalsgaard,Center for Digital Creativity
Michael Biskjær,Center for Digital Creativity
Clemens Klokmose,Centre for Digital Creativity
Martin Brynskov,Aarhus Smart Cities
Mikkel Wallentin,linguistics
Kristian Tylen,languagecomprehension
Andreas Liberoth,game psychology
Niels Bonderup Dohn,student motivation
Andrew Mao, Microsoft
Carsten Bergenholtz,individualand collectiveproblem solving
Oana Vuculescu,individual and collectiveproblem solving
Anders Villadsen, sector of employment and cognitiveabilities
Michael Bang PetersenPsychologyof Democracy
Alexander Koch,behaviouraleconomics
Klaus Mølmer,quantum physics
Rajiv Basaiawmiotentrepreneurship, team formation
Bo Gervang,fluid mechanics
Christian Storm Pedersen,machine learning
Christian Storm Pedersen,machine learning
Micah Allen, computationalneuroscience
Nikolai Ladegaard,clinicalpsychology
Kim Mathiasenclinicalpsychology
Anders Børglum,genetic and cognitive profiling
Jana Jarecki, Max Planck, Basel
Zoran Grujic,University of Virginia
Jakob Andreas Bærentzen, DTU
Ali Amidi,cognitive ageing
Karim Lakhani MarocIansti, HBS
Ralph Hertwig,Max Plank, Berlin
Sebastian Risi,ITU
Gabriel Guerra
Arthur Juliani,Oregon U
Rupert YoungPerceptualRobots
Lars Kai Hansen, DTU
Carol O’Donnell, SmithsonianScience Education Center
Rikke Schmidt Kjærgaard
Francois Tadalli, CRI
Ariel Linder, CRI
ManjulaDissanayake, Educate Lanka
AdriënneHeijnen, AUSC
Julien Bobroff, PhysicsReimagined
Martin Brynskov, AUSC
Jacob Thyssen,Copenhagen UniversityHospital
Funders