scada plc by pankaj chaudhary
DESCRIPTION
SCADA PLC [email protected]TRANSCRIPT
A SEMINAR ON
“ PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER”BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGSUBMITTED
BY
PANKAJ CHAUDHARY R.N. - 24823
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
ARUNESH DUTTHEAD OF DEPARTMENT (HOD)
NEHRU GRAM BHARATI UNIVERSITY, ALLAHABAD
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING SANJAY GANDHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Sensors Placed in the field
Automation : Typical installation . . .Automation : Typical installation . . . .Automation : Typical installation . . .Automation : Typical installation . . . .
Junction Box
Field Cabling
Control Panel
Control Hardware
SCADA Software
Communication Cable
Field Cabling
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INTRODUCTION PLC SAVE,VALVE ADDED BENEFITS PLC SYTEM CONSISTS OF INPUT DISCRETE INPUT INPUTMODULES PLC SYSTEM CONSIST OF OUTPUT OUTPUT MODULES BASIC COMPONENTS OF A PLC SYSTEM CHASSIS AND BACK PLANE EXAMPLES VARIOUS BRANDs OF PLCs
CONTENTSCONTENTS
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SCAN CYCLE OF CPU LADDER BASICS AND GATE, RELAY AND PLC EQUIVALENT OR GATE, RELAY AND PLC EQUIVALENT NOT GATE, RELAY AND PLC EQUIVALENT XOR GATE NAND GATE NOR GATE PLC PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE LADDER LOGIC EXAMPLE I/O SYSTEMs SAFETY SYSTEM APPLICATION
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IntroductionIntroduction
A PLC is a solid state / industrial computer that performs discrete or sequential logic in a factory environment. It was originally developed to replace mechanical relays, timers, counters. A sequence of instructions is programmed by the user to the PLC memory. Its purpose is to monitor crucial process parameters and adjust process operations accordingly.
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PLCPLC
A solid state device that controls output devices based on the status of inputs and a user written program. Originally developed to directly replace relays used for discrete control.
On/Off Control
Timing Counting
Sequencing Arithmetic
Data Handling
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PLC Saves
Material cost
Installation cost
Troubleshooting
Labor cost
By
Reduced wiring & associated errors
Less space
No moving parts - rugged
Possibility of reprogramming
Value added benefits
Reliability
Flexibility
Advanced Function
Communication
Speed
Diagnostics
PLCPLC
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PLCPLCPLC system consists of
Inputs
Input
Circuits
Inputs - Discrete - On/Off type
Pushbuttons
Switches
Limit Switches
Selector Switches
Proximity sensors
Photo - electric sensors
Inputs devices - Analog
RTD, Thermo - couple ….SGIET….
Discrete InputA discrete input also referred as digital input is an input that is either ON or OFF are connected to the PLC digital input. In the ON condition it is referred to as logic 1 or a logic high and in the OFF condition maybe referred to as logic o or logic low.
Normally Open PushbuttonNormally Closed Pushbutton
Normally Open switch
Normally Closed switch
Normally Open contact
Normally closed contact
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PLC
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
MOTOR
LAMPCONTACTOR
PUSHBUTTONS
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Input ModulesInput Modules
12345678910COM
A/D
con
version
To PLC
Terminal block - this is where wires from the
field devices are connected
Field device - this is showing a simple
switch
Input Module
24 Volt DC System
+ 24 Volts
- 24 Volts ….SGIET….
Input ModulesInput Modules
Pressure4-20 mA
Temperature0-10V DCSwitch
24V DC ….SGIET..
PLC system consists of
Outputs
Output Circuits
PLCPLC
Solenoids
Relays - AC or DC powered
Contactors
Motor Starters
Indication Lights
Valves
Alarms ….SGIET….
Output ModulesOutput Modules
From PLC
Terminal block - this is where wires from the
field devices are connected
Field device -Motor starter, controlling
an AC motor.
12345678910
COMD
/A C
on
version
Output Module
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Output ModulesOutput Modules
Fan120V AC
Light24V DC
Valve0-10V DC ….SGIET….
Basic Components of a PLC SystemBasic Components of a PLC System
Processor, Controller, or CPU Stores the control program and data in its memory Reads the status of connected input devices Executes the control program Commands connected outputs to change state based on
program execution
Stand alone PLCProcessor that fits in a chassis
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Basic Components of a PLC SystemBasic Components of a PLC System
Chassis/Backplane
All PLCs need some method of communicating between the controller, I/O and communications modules.
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Chassis and Backplane Chassis and Backplane ExamplesExamples
Each module plugs into the one to the left
Connections for the built in I/O
Slide modules into available slots
Example of a modular based PLC. The PLC slides into the chassis along with other modules
Example of a PLC that plugs into adjacent modules to form a backplane with no chassis required
Example of a PLC with the modules built in. Comes as one block
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Basic Components of a PLC SystemBasic Components of a PLC SystemNetwork Interface
Most PLCs have the ability to communicate with other devices. The PLC will communicate to the other devices through a network interface.
Network connecting other devices
Network interface module
PLC
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Programming/ Communication Device
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Input
Circuits
Output Circuits
Memory
program data
Power supply
Optical isolation Optical isolation
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Various Brands of PLCsVarious Brands of PLCs
Allen Bradley USA Siemens Germany Modicon France Mitshubishi Japan GE Fanuc USA Omron Japan
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Scan Cycle of CPUScan Cycle of CPUScan Cycle Depends upon No of Scan Cycle Depends upon No of I/OsI/OsMore I/Os More scan timeMore I/Os More scan timeApplication Decides the Scan Application Decides the Scan time of a PLCtime of a PLCScan time in normal Scan time in normal applications is 1 ms to 2 ms & in applications is 1 ms to 2 ms & in bigger applications 100 ms to bigger applications 100 ms to 200 ms200 ms
Scan Cycle Depends upon No of Scan Cycle Depends upon No of I/OsI/OsMore I/Os More scan timeMore I/Os More scan timeApplication Decides the Scan Application Decides the Scan time of a PLCtime of a PLCScan time in normal Scan time in normal applications is 1 ms to 2 ms & in applications is 1 ms to 2 ms & in bigger applications 100 ms to bigger applications 100 ms to 200 ms200 ms
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Ladder BasicsLadder Basics Ladder is widely used language & is
close to Electrical basics. In 50-60% places in a ladder: NO, NC
or (XIC, XIO in case of Allen Bradley) are used.
If s/w If s/w closedclosed at this add at this add CPU interprets it as CPU interprets it as TrueTrue
conditionconditionIf s/w If s/w OpenOpen at this add at this add CPU interprets it as CPU interprets it as FalseFalse conditioncondition
If s/w If s/w closedclosed at this add at this add CPU interprets it as CPU interprets it as TrueTrue
conditionconditionIf s/w If s/w OpenOpen at this add at this add CPU interprets it as CPU interprets it as FalseFalse conditioncondition
If s/w If s/w OpenOpen at this add at this add CPU interprets it as CPU interprets it as TrueTrue
conditionconditionIf s/w If s/w ClosedClosed at this add at this add CPU interprets it as CPU interprets it as FalseFalse conditioncondition
If s/w If s/w OpenOpen at this add at this add CPU interprets it as CPU interprets it as TrueTrue
conditionconditionIf s/w If s/w ClosedClosed at this add at this add CPU interprets it as CPU interprets it as FalseFalse conditioncondition
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AND Gate, Relay and PLC EquivalentAND Gate, Relay and PLC Equivalent Boolean Expression is written as: Y = A . B
Output is high only when all the inputs are high. Therefore the AND gate is equivalent to a series combination of normally open switches.
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CONTROL SIGNAL IN1
CONTROL SIGNAL IN2
OUTPUT
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
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OR Gate, Relay and PLC OR Gate, Relay and PLC
EquivalentEquivalent Boolean Expression is written as: Y = A + B
In an OR gate, the output is high if any one or all of the inputs are high. Therefore the OR gate is equivalent to a parallel combination of normally open switches.Truth Table
Control signal IN1
CONTROL SIGNAL IN2
OUTPUT
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
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NOT Gate, Relay and PLC EquivalentNOT Gate, Relay and PLC Equivalent Boolean Expression is written as: Y = Ā
NOT Gate is an inverter and equivalent to the XIO contact in the ladder.
Control signal IN OUTPUT
0 1
1 0
Truth Table
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XOR GATEXOR GATEThe output of an XOR gate is 1 if one input is 1 &other input is 0.
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NAND GateNAND Gate The Output of a NAND Gate is 0 if both the inputs are 1. Thus a NAND Gate is equivalent to a parallel combination of Two XIO Contacts.
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NOR GateNOR GateThe Output of a NOR Gate is 1 if and only if both the
inputs are 0. Thus a NOR Gate is equivalent to a series of
combination of Two XIO Contacts.
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PLC Programming SoftwarePLC Programming Software
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Ladder Logic ExampleLadder Logic Example
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I/O SystemsI/O Systems
I/O network
Switch-input
PLC
I/O adapterInput module - distributed I/O
Local I/O
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Safety SystemSafety System
The PLC performing standard control would control the robot while it performs tasks related to producing the desired product
The safety control would monitor the light curtain to make sure that the operator never moved into the robot area while the robot was moving. If the operator broke the light curtain, the safety system would remove power to the robot so that it could not move and injure the operator
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ApplicationsPackaging Bottling & Canning
Material Handling Machining
Power Generation HVAC/ Building Automation
Security Systems Automated Assembly
Paint Lines Water treatment
IndustryCement Automobile Chemicals Plastics
Metals Paper F&B
Any application in any industry that requires electrical control
PLCPLC
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THANK YOUTHANK YOU
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