Sc.912.e.6.4

Analyze how specific geologic processes and features are expressed

in Florida and elsewhere.

Earth Structures - The scientific theory of plate tectonics provides the framework for much of modern geology. Over geologic time, internal and external sources of energy have continuously altered the features of Earth by means of both constructive and destructive forces. All life, including human civilization, is dependent on Earth's internal and external energy and material resources.

16.3Shoreline Processes and Features

• Chapter 16: The Dynamic Ocean• Online Field Trips• Chapter Quiz• Study Guide Summary (PowerPoint presentation)• Web Quest: Will I Be Treading Water?• Web Resources

– Ocean Circulation: Links on ocean currents– Ocean Movement: Waves and Tides: Links on ocean waves– Beach and Shoreline Processes: Links on coastal changes

• Animations

DAY1

• How are sediments along the shoreline moved?

• By which processes do shoreline features form?

• What structures can be built to protect a shoreline?

• What is beach nourishment?

Key Terms:

• Wave refraction– The bending of waves

• Spits– Elongated ridge of sand

• Tombolos– Ridge of sand that connects an island to the

mainland or another island

Key Terms:

• Sandbar– A ridge formed by ocean currents depositing

sand near the shore.

• Beach nourishment– Addition of sand to the beach

Forces Acting on the Shoreline A beach is the accumulation of sediment

found along the shore of a lake or ocean.

16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features

Waves along the shoreline are constantly eroding, transporting, and depositing sediment. Many types of shoreline features can result from this activity.

Forces Acting on the Shoreline Wave Impact

16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features

• The impact of large, high-energy waves against the shore can be awesome in its violence. Each breaking wave may hurl thousands of tons of water against the land, sometimes causing the ground to tremble.

Abrasion• Abrasion is the sawing and grinding action of rock fragments in

the water.

• Abrasion is probably more intense in the surf zone than in any other environment.

CHAPTER HOME

Waves affect the shoreline by eroding and

depositing materials.

CHAPTER

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

VOCABULARY

Sea cliffs, sea caves, sea arches, and sea stacks

result from shoreline erosion.

16.3 Shoreline Features1616 Wind, Waves, and Currents

Longshore current

Sea cliff

Sea arch

Sea stack

beach

sandbar

fjord

Look at this picture:

What could have caused this?Why is it so smooth?What will most likely happen to the trees on top of this cliff?

DAY 2

• Fill in the following concept map

Wave Refraction

causes this on headlands

is defined asCauses this in bays

Forces Acting on the Shoreline Wave Refraction

16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features

• Wave refraction is the bending of waves, and it plays an important part in the shoreline process.

• Because of refraction, wave energy is concentrated against the sides and ends of headlands that project into the water, whereas wave action is weakened in bays.

Wave Refraction

• What is wave refraction and what are its effects?

deposition

erosion

Bending of waves

Wave Refraction

causes this on headlands

is defined asCauses this in bays

DAY 3

Depositional Features

Match term to area in pictureSpits, Bars and Tombolos

Longshore current

CHAPTER HOME

Waves affect the shoreline by eroding and

depositing materials.

CHAPTER

VOCABULARY

Sandbars, spits, baymouth bars, hooks, lagoons,

and barrier islands result from shoreline deposition.

16.3 Shoreline Features1616 Wind, Waves, and Currents

Baymouth bar

Lagoon Spit

beach

sandbar

fjord

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

Depositional Features Spits, Bars, and Tombolos

Shoreline Processes and Features

• Where longshore currents and other surf zone currents are active, several features related to the movement of sediment along the shore may develop.

- A spit is an elongated ridge of sand that projects from the land into the mouth of an adjacent bay.

- A baymouth bar is a sandbar that completely crosses a bay.

- A tombolo is a ridge of sand that connects an island to the mainland or to another island.

Evolution of Shoreline Features

Match term to area in picture;Spits, Bars and

Tombolos

Depositional Features Barrier Islands

16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features

• Barrier islands are narrow sandbars parallel to, but separate from, the coast at distances from 3 to 30 kilometers offshore.

Barrier Islands

DAY 4

• Create a Venn Diagram for helpful and harmful effects of

Beach Nourishment

Stabilizing the Shore Protective Structures

Shoreline Processes and Features

• Groins, breakwaters, and seawalls are some structures built to protect a coast from erosion or to prevent the movement of sand along a beach.

Beach Nourishment• Beach nourishment is the addition of large quantities of sand to

the beach system.

Miami Beach Before and After Beach Nourishment

Day 4

• FCIM Assessment