Project-wise Reports of Sectorial Monitoring Committee

1. Project Title : Centre of Excellence (Co E): Waste Utilization & Management/ ESC01 08

2. Project Details

Nodal Lab CSIR-NEERI

Participating Labs CSIR-IGBI; CSIR-IICT

Nodal Officer Dr. Hemant J. Purohit

Taskforce Chairman Director, CSIR-NEERI

Total Man Days 6400 days

Approved Cost ~ 3577.66 lakhs

Fund received ~ 1622.959 lakhs

Fund utilized ~ 1370.548 1akhs

3. Periodic Key Recommendations of Task Force/RC/Monitoring Committee

I. W2B

s. Key Recommendations of Action taken on Key Proposed No Task Force/RC/ Monitoring recommendations Deliverables

Committee 1 Technology park/shed Construction initiated Development of

construction to show-case after delay. Field/ infrastructure for capabilities through demonstration units biogas production field/demonstration units retained

2 Reactor designs to be ratified by Three Reactor designs Bioreactor systems Task Force discussed & ratified to address MSW

feed quality issues 3 C-balance calculation for biogas C-balance shown by This is an additional

reactors CHNS analysis for deliverable anaerobic baffled reactor

4 Assess differential microbial Microbial community & Optimum consortia localization by metagenomics functional stratification for biogas product-

studies ion by omics tool 5 Syngas to ethanol by new Designing & evaluation of Prototype catalytic

catalysts: proof of concept catalyst system for syngas to ethanol

Revised Deliverable, if any approved Will be ready by March 2017

Feed specific bioreactors

Carbon

accounting

Microbial population dynamics Bench scale study dropped

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II. MESER

s. Key Recommendations of Action taken on Key Proposed Revised No Task Force/RC/ Monitoring recommendations Deliverables Deliverable, if

Committee any approved

1 An industrial entrepreneurs Industrial meet with >20 This is an additional MoU signed with meet recommended for participants deliverable two partners for Identification of right industrial (13/07/2015) SODIS & one for partners for developed defluoridation devices/prototypes

2 Expedite translational research DeF: TRL 4 to 5; DeF: Beryllium --for DeF, SODIS, CC/CCVS, SODIS: TRL 4 to 5; wastewater improved wastewater CC/CCVS TRL 3 to 4 Phytorid: licensing treatment, and licensing (9); 90 plants setup phytorid technology

3 Bench marking of engineering Bench marking Techno -economical Improved issues of SOD IS, DeF, completed feasibility acceptability of phytorid with conventional established technology ones

4 Applicability & feasibility of CC MIP based CC & CA Material & process Activity dropped & CCVS to be established based CCVS not force & ccvs at proof of

feasible concept level

4. Project Achievements:

I.W2B

~. No. Deliverables promised at Deliverables Achieved If not achieved, !Year start reasons thereof ~01 2- 1-Evaluation of best practices • Review of the Technological pathways ~01 3 and technology options for for Biofuel generation from Municipal

bio fuel technologies through Solid Waste carried out through patent patent and literature search search revealed the lacunae in current

waste management practices with reference to MSW. This enabled identification of path to be followed for future improvement through common SOPs developed for universal application

• Design finalized by PMC for shed for housing pilot scale reactors.

•Development of Construction could not begin pending infrastructure and utilities for approvals from ESU-CSIR pilot scale biogas production ~After procedural delays at NEERI premises and approvals from

competent authorities foundation stone laid in

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Jun 2015 and construction initiated thereafter. In progress (possession and

• Engineering drawings prepared for installation by March design of 6 configurations of biogas 2017)

~Eng ineering drawings and digesters, 1 reactor each for MSW design for biogas reactors pre-treatment, bioethanol from MSW

gasification, thermal treatment of MSW and landfill biogas reactor

• Preprocessing of OFMSW by steam cooking showed 5-1 0 fold improved solubilization of vegetable waste organics making it amenable to biogas

~Preprocessing of organic production fraction of MSW for • Web portai-Biofuel designed and enhanced biofuel developed for online centralized production (biogas, bio- compilation of information, literature, hydrogen, ethanol) data generated in various tasks of

~Design and development of W28 web portal for W2B activity

~013- • Development of • Pre-treatment of OFMSW (vegetable 2014 pretreatment process for waste) by steam cooking showed 5-7

MSW organics for biogas fold enhanced biogas generation and syngas production owing to improved solubilization of

volatile solids in waste. - Reactor for microwave assisted autoclaving fabricated for pre-treatment of upto 25 kg MSW organics

•1 microwave assisted autoclaving reactor for pre-treatment of OFMSW

• Design, fabrication, fabricated, 1 reactor fabricated for installation of different biomethanation of MSW, while 2 ~Studies with 3 reactor bioreactors for biogas reactors fabricated and installed in lab schemes could not be production for studies on biomethane and initiated since reactor

biohydrogen from vegetable waste and fabrication was not kitchen waste respectively completed

1- 1 bioreactor fabricated and installed in lab for generating data on landfill gas to enable development of conceptual engineering option for bioreactor

~Development of conceptual landfil l engineering option for • Testing of Web portai-Biofuel bioreactor landfill (BLF) accomplished through Beta version for

uploading of information related to • Testing and delivery of web W2B activity

portal for W2B activity 2014- • Optimization of biogas • 2015 production from different - Combined microwave and autoclave

orqanic fractions of MSW Pre-treatment of vegetable waste

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resulted in enhanced biomethane production than individual treatments completed. -Two stage reactor installed for biomethanation of MSW organics and studies initiated. - Anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for biomethanation of vegetable waste operated efficiently with high methane production for 1 year owing to relief from pH shocks to methanogens under effluent recirculation conditions - 3m3 ABR for food waste biomethanation setup at Go-Vigyan Kendra, Deolapar with technical and partial financial support from NTU, Singapore

~Anaerobic seed from various efficiently performing biogas digesters

• Development of culture maintained in lab to serve as source of bank and establishing consortia during digester failure • Microbial community optimum consortia for analysis is continuous efficient biogas production process with respect to by omics tool data from various

~Gasifier experimental setup installed; reactors catalytic system for syngas to ethanol

• Development of optimized designed with optimization of gasifier gasifiers for syngas conditions for syngas production and catalytic system design for syngas to ethanol

2015· • Demonstration of pilot scale ~ Efficient operation of lab-scale reactor •Fabrication and 2016 advanced biogas reactor for vegetable/kitchen waste construction held up

systems (upto 100kg waste) biomethanation with -90-95% C owing to non-availability at NEERI premises balance formed basis for design of of funds in this financial

demonstration scale baffled reactor for year. Alternate sources managing kitchen waste from hostel of funding being

explored ~Engineering Design for • Lab scale studies for recovery of ~Yet to be completed

recovery of biogas from biogas from MSW landfills completed pending approval from MSW landfills at 18L scale. Pilot scale studies yet to landfi ll

be started! at landfill site •

~ Design of various gas- - Of the various materials tested for cleaning columns/systems gas cleaning, Chabazite showed

higher adsorption capacity for COz (170 mg/g) than -110mg/g exhibited by Caesium-chabazite with both showing very little affinity to methane - Bimetallic Zeolitic lmidazolate

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2016· 2017 Apr 2016· Dec 2016)

Framework also exhibited higher C02 selectivity (-120 mg/g) than CH4 selectivity (-20mg/g)

~Synthesis and characterization of different Rh based monometalic and bimetalic catalyst for syngas to ethanol

• Development of prototype carried out catalytic system for syngas to ethanol

• Establishing the techno- 1- Techno-economic feasibility initiated economic feasibility of and in progress for biomethane biofuel production from production from vegetable waste in a MSW organics anaerobic baffled reactor

• Developing monitoring tools • Molecular tools based on PCR and for tracking of functional next generation sequencing developed genotypes and its for functional genotypes with reference application to hydrolytic pathways for lignin,

hemicellulose, cellulose which are major components of MSW organics

•Integrated methodology developed for efficient management of organic fraction of MSW (vegetable/kitchen

~ Demonstration of integrated waste) including pre-treatment steps, technologies for sustainable bioreactor configuration (ABR and two organic MSW management stage), biogas cleanup and residue

management for digester residues through application as soil conditioners

• Monograph for management of MSW for developing a road map for efficient integrated management of MSW organics

~ Monograph for futuristic MSW management

eliverables promised at Deliverables Achieved start

•High pressure reactor assembly designed studies could not be initiated since the the assembly could not procured due to lack of response from suppliers

• Studies in progress, to be completed by Feb 2017

!-Designed pilot scale baffled reactor for biomethanation of vegetable waste. Fabrication and construction held up owing to non-availability of funds in this financial year. Alternate sources of funding being explored

~In progress, to be completed by Feb 2017

If not achieved, reasons thereof

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2012-2013

2013-2014

•Design of phytorid plant with capacity of about 100000 LPD and identification of locations for installations

• Design of phytorid plant with plant capacity of 2500 LPD undertaken

~Lab scale demonstration of • Lab scale demonstration of improved 3 microbial consortia for biodegradation processes using industrial wastewater bioaugmentation by bacterial treatment consortia

!Development of bench scale process for smart and functional materials including

~ Flyash based zeolite analogues at 5 kg/batch,

!-Carbon alumina composites at 5 kg/batch

•Single nanoparticle 1Ubatch

enzyme (SEN) at

· Implementation at pilot scale was optimized by comparing bioaugmentation verses biostimulation.

- Metagenome analysis of activated biomass of JETL CETP

- Phylogenetic and functional analysis of bacteria in activated biomass

- Mapping of oxygenases present for aerobic biodegradation

- Results of metagenomics analysis were used to design biostimulation strategy for CETP wastewater

- Improved wastewater treatment demonstrated on pilot scale at CETP JEDI METLA, Hyderabad

• Bench scale facility installed for 5/Kg day for synthesis of zeolites and carbon alumina composites

• Lab scale demonstration of the process at 500g/batch level done

- Reproducibility check at 500g/batch level done

- Stepwise scale up of the same process to 2 and 5 Kg/batch scale level in progress

- Reproducibility checks at 2 and 5 Kg/batch levels in progress

- Feasibility study & optimization studies

• Process scaled up to 1 Llbatch

2014· ~Establ ishing the shelf life of 2015 lyophilized microbial

• Bacteria were isolated from pesticide and hydrocarbon niches to develop

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2015-2017 (Apr 2016· Dec 2016)

consortia

~ Isolation and Characterization of multi­substrate degrading bacteria

~Demonstration of solar disinfection in 20L batch bioreactor

Development of processes for environmental remediation including:

leDemonstration of solar disinfection in 20L batch bioreactor

waste specific consortia - Shelf life of target isolates was tested by lyophilisation. Revival of bacteria were observed upto one year (period of study was one year; not tested beyond one year)

• Multi-substrate degrading bacteria were isolated and characterized for the pesticide contaminated niches. Selected isolated could degrade against ametryn, prometryn, atratone, prometon, phenol, catechol and benzoate -Whole genome sequence of two bacteria completed

•In collaboration with Rotary, Nagpur SODIS was demonstrated at Ramchandra Kamdee High School, a Zilla Parishad school, at Dongargaon village about 20 kms from Nagpur City. About 1 00 school children were demonstrated this simple technique of disinfection of water: 20 L polycarbonate water dispensers were exposed to sunlight for 6h; and knowledge was imparted on the benefits of SODIS as a virtually zero­cost technology. • Application of carbon nano particle (CNP), chitosan (CHIT) and chitosan­CNP (CHIT-CNP) composite membrane for disinfection of water tested • The CHIT-CNP composite is in the form of fabric and is easy to use and handle especially, in rural and resource constrained areas as compared to CNP powder. - The disinfection rate is enhanced by 1.2 times, 2 times and 3.2 times for SODIS-CHIT, SODIS-CHIT-CNP and SODIS-CNP powder, respectively as compared to only SOD IS

• SODIS-CHIT-CNP composite in compound parabolic collector (CPC) reactor showed high bactericidal efficiency compared to CPC: SO DIS

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!-Process for Def of wastewater with bed volume of 20 litres

~Improved phytorid technology at 1000LPD targeting polishing treatment for industrial wastewater subsequent to conventional treatment (diary, food, textile industry)

~Process for capture of C02 (200 g) scale

- Demonstration of solar disinfection using CPC and other Spin -off products including pasteurizer , cooker and still demonstrated to several visitors in solar energy park at CSIR-NEERI

• Detailed studies carried out to optimize the defluoridation process such as effect of dose, effect of pH, etc. - DAC evaluated for its defluoridation efficiency using simulated wastewater and the actual wastewater provided by BARC - Column studies have been conducted for determining breakthrough capacities for (7 -1 Og adsorbent bed )and other investigations including : -Breakthrough and saturation adsorption capacities -Composition of powdered adsorbent media and granulized adsorbent media -Regeneration and reuse studies - CSTR system investigated for treatment of 15-20 litres of water

• Experiments undertaken by addition of biomedia culture (commercially available)for bio-augmentation in existing phytorid plants (2500 LPD)

• MIP Material developed DVB-co-VBC HXP with surface area- 1260 m2 g·1; APV, -.082 cm3g-1 and APD, 21A and C02 adsorption capacity - 3.86 mmol g-1

- New molecules of SCA and CHIT-Ni (N P ) developed with CC capacity of 33-40% - FAZ /MNP tested for COz adsorption from biogas - Demonstration being initiated based on select materials

• To be completed by Feb 2017

• To be completed by Feb 2017

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• Demonstration made using Aloe vera ~Process for capture of plants at Dhapa dumping ground , voc Kolkatta

• Lab scale process ( 700ml reactor ~Development of lab scale volume) developed for generation of

processes for hydrogen, formic acid and calcites valoremediation including Biomimetic formic acid and To be completed by hydrogen Feb 2017

III.SEAIC

~. No. Deliverables promised at Deliverables Achieved If not achieved, reasons rrear start thereof ~012-2013 There are no specific ~eNo specific deliverables were ~013-2014 scientific deliverables envisaged in first two years.

envisaged in the first year Only the construction of under this activity. The separate bu ilding for housing work involves planning a soptfisticated environmental construction of analytical instrumentation independent building and centre was proposed at infrastructure NEERI, Nag pur from Lab

reserves. This facility was proposed to house the sophisticated instruments for supporting the various analytical activities under W2B and MESER work packages

~014-2015 1e Development of methods • Specific deliverables were and protocols for envisaged from third year emerging pollutants onwards after construction of

le Providing training to building scientific and technical • The construction of staff proposed building could not

2015-2016 • Sample analysis and commence for want of database generation necessary approvals from

1e Documentation and ESU-CSIR. Hence the training on NABL allocated funds were accreditation surrendered. However, to

~Appl ication for NABL support the overall program, accreditation instruments such as HR-

2016-2017 • NABL accreditation for GC/MS, GC/MS, HPLC have desired environmental been procured through LR parameters as directed by Task Force

• Organization of training and RC courses/workshops

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5. Outcomes and outputs from the projects:

a. Outcomes

1. Lead(s) identified: Number and names with TRL: Five leads with TRL3 W2B

i. Designing of baffled reactor based on biochemistry of methanogenesis ii. Enhancement of MSW biomethanation using thermal/microbial pretreatments

MESER i. Plasmonic materials driven solar disinfection ii. Composite materials for DeF from specific wastewater iii. Reducing foot print for improved feasibility of Phytorid technology iv. Enhanced catabolic capacity of microbial consortia by bio-stimulation

2. Technology/Product developed: Number and names with TRL level of Development i. Anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for vegetable/kitchen waste biomethanation -

TRL7 ii. Two stage reactor for municipal solid waste (MSW) biomethanation- TRL5 iii. Solar disinfection products (SODIS) including: (a) hybrid solar still, (b) multipurpose

solar device (c) pasteurizer and SOD IS bottles- TRL5 iv. Deflouridation of beryllium processing wastewater- TRL5 v. Improved Phytorid technology - TRL6 vi. Pollutant specific consortia for enhancing wastewater treatment efficiency- TRL4

3. Technology/Product transferred: Number and names with name of licensee(s) NIL

4. Facility created: Number and names with uniqueness & utility i. Small scale digester (3 m3) for kitchen/food waste management at Go-Vigyan

Anusandhan Kendra (GVAK), Deolapar, Nagpur with partial financial assistance from NEWRI-NTU, Singapore

ii. W2B Technology Park for housing demonstration units in CSIR-NEERI campus (possession and installation by March 2017)

iii. Sophisticated instruments- HR-GC/MS, SEM, AFM, DT-TGA, GC/MS, HPLC, procured through LR to support the WUM analytical activity

5. Sponsored projects obtained (with details) i. Energy from Organic Waste from Small Communities- sponsored by NEWRI-NTU,

Singapore ii. Biomethanation of lignocellulosic residues, Rice Straw- sponsored by DSM India Pvt.

Ltd., Pune iii. Deflouridation of beryllium processing wastewater by BARC, Mumbai

6. External Cash Flow (ECF) generated : Rs. 40.464 1akhs

7. Societal impact created (quantified data): i. Management of vegetable/kitchen waste by biomethanation :

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)> Site: 3m3 ABR at Go-Vigyan Anusandhan Kendra, Deolapar )> Beneficiary commun~ty: Permanent residents, staff, visitors and trainee

farmers with an (50-1 00 persons/day) along with residential school for -500 students

)> Benefits Accrued: o Manage 40-50 kg food/kitchen waste per day o 4-5m3 biogas generated used for heating purpose in kitchen o The residues generated used in gardens/farms as compost o Save up to 40% of LPG usage o Reducing waste discharge, promote resource recycle and odour

minimization

ii. "Safe drinking water: Employing SODIS" )> Site: Ramchandra Kamdee High School, a Zilla Parishad school, at Dongargaon

village (collaboration with Rotary, Nagpur) )> Beneficiary Community: About 1 00 school children )> Benefits accrued:

o Knowledge on simple technique of disinfection of water in 20 L polycarbonate water bottle exposed to sunlight for 6h;

o SOD IS is a virtually zero-cost technology

b. Outputs:

1. Periodic Reports Submitted : 5 + 5 (Task Force Committee Review Meeting)

2. Publications i. Total number : 39 ii. CumulativeiF(asper2015figures) :114.177 iii. Average IF : 2.927 iv. Average IF/scientist : 3.805

3. Patents (or other forms of IP generated such as Copyrights, Designs etc.) i. Filed : 1 ii. Granted : 1 iii. Licensed

4.Human Resource generated i. PhD fellows (give PhDs completed & pursuing separately): 10 ii. Project fellows 22 iii. Skills imparted

- Including skill set developed for technical services/ consultancy/ training purposes )> 10 rural persons trained at Go-Vigyan Anusandhan Kendra, Deolapar, Nag pur

for biogas plant operation for food waste management

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>- Participation in skill development programs for MSW manage-ment conducted by state governments and local self governments

5. External collaborations established: i. Collaboration with NEWRI-NTU, Singapore for managing kitchen/food waste with

recourse to biomethane production - Pilot scale digester (3 m3) for kitchen/food waste management in operation efficiently for more than 1 year at Go-Vigyan Anusandhan Kendra, Deolapar, Nagpur

ii. Collaboration with VNIT and RCOEM engineering college, Nagpur for managing 100-150 kg food waste/d from hostel mess with recourse to biomethane production using anaerobic baffled reactor system

iii. Collaboration with DSM India, Pvt. Ltd. in providing solution for management of lignocellulosic residue- rice straw through recourse to biomethane generation

iv. Collaboration with BARC for deftuoridation of beryllium processing wastewater v. Collaboration with Greenlife and V.V. Associates for development of solar energy

related products (MoU signed) vi. Collaboration with IRA agrotech for defluoridation and sterilization (MoU signed)

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s. Lead/Technology/ Salient TRL of the Lead/ IP Status of Status of No Product (listed Features of the Technology LeadfT echnolo DPR/Commercia

above in Lead/T echnolog /Product gy/Product I Technical outcomes) y/ Product Report of Lead/

Technology/ Product

1. Designing of Anaerobic TRL7· Small scale .. DPR ready baffled reactor baffled reactor digester (3 m3) for based on for managing food waste biochemistry of vegetable/ management in methanogenesis kitchen waste ~operation efficiently

(organic fraction for more than 1 year of MSW) th rough with partial financial biomethanation assistance from

NEWRI-NTU Singapore

2. Enhancement of Two stage TRL5 • Pilot scale .. DPR ready MSW reactor for two stage digesters biomethanation managing installed in operation using municipal solid for more than 1 year thermal/microbial waste (MSW) efficiently pretreatments through

biomethane production

3. Plasmonic SODIS products TRL5 • Solar .. .. materials driven disinfection products solar disinfection (SODIS) including:

(a) Nano solar cooker, (b) solar pasteurizer (c) Nano SODIS bottles

4. Composite Defluoridation of TRL5 . .. .. materials for DeF wastewater for Deflouridation of of wastewater nuclear industry beryllium processing

wastewater for nuclear industry

5. Reducing foot print Improved TRL6 · Improved .. .. of Phytorid phytorid Phytorid technology technology technology

6. Enhanced Microbial TRL4 · Microbial .. .. catabolic capacity consortia for consortia for of microbial substituted substituted aromatics consortia by bio- aromatics containing stimulation for Wastewater substituted aromatics and nitrogen

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6. Sectoral Monitoring Committee Recommendations on Lead/Technology/ Product (listed above):

For each Lead/Technology/Product provide details separately:

Criteria SMC Recommendations

Name of /Product

Lead/Technology I. Anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for vegetable/kitchen waste biomethanation- TRL7

Is the Lead/ Technology/Product worth taking up further?

What is the further R&D efforts that need to be put by CSIRICSIR laboratories?

Global benchmarking of the Lead IT echnology/Product specifically wrt specifications and cost

ii. Two stage reactor for municipal solid waste (MSW) biomethanation - TRL5

iii. Solar disinfection products (SODIS) including: (a) hybrid solar still, (b) multipurpose solar device (c) pasteurizer and SOD IS bottles- TRL5

iv. Deflouridation of beryllium processing wastewater- TRL5

v. Improved Phytorid technology - TRL6

vi. Pollutant specific consortia for enhancing wastewater treatment efficiency - TRL4

Yes fori, iv, v, vi; No for ii

For iii explore feasibility for use in tertiary treatment of waste water, for drinking water appropriate technology transfer linkages to make the propositions robust and scalable (address issues of polymer leaching under sunlight, consistent removal of all classes of water borne pathogens)

Implementation and user perception studies to be undertaken for leads iii, iv, and vi

Site specific implementation preferably wi th tie-up with entrepreneurs for i, ii, and v

lead i appears to be promising and provides higher yield compared to national alternatives

Is the Lead/Technology/Product DPR already prepared for leads i and ii worthy of commissioning a DPR at this stage?

What are the likely resources and time duration required for taking forward the identified Lead/ Technology/Product to the desired TRL?

Potential stake holders who may

1 00% funding from external sources to be sought for leads i, ii, v and vi,

For iii - SODIS funded in FTI scheme

For iv- Deftuoridation (BARC, Mumbai)

i-ii) Tourism corporations, hotels, resorts, local urban bodies,

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be appropriate to partner mass kitchens, vegetable markets, temple towns and technically as well as financially pilgrimage centres for decentralized management of MSW

iii-vi) Communities, rural households, industries, municipal corporations and councils

Suggestion for plausible road i. Site specific DPR for food/vegetable waste map towards further biomethanation, and improved phytorid development of ii. Treatment packages for water and wastewater based on lead/technology/product for SODIS and DeF achieving desired TRL

iii. Instrumentation facil ity for Molecular marker and source apportionment

GO/NO GO further development Go

Other suggestions, if any, related --·-to benefits/usage/ commercialization

7. Identified "lessons to be learnt", especially from shortcomings/failures.

8. Comments on financial progress on the project - fund availability and utilization of fund in the project:

Financial progress is satisfactory and investments made are justified

9. Sectoral Monitoring Committee Recommendations on Facility creation or other outcomes:

10. Grading of Project Execution: Outstanding/ExcellenWery Good/Good/ Satisfactory/Un­satisfactory

Very Good

11. Additional comments, if any:

pH and temperature management for winter months and H2S abatement from the biogas needs to be taken care of

Mr Ravindra Sewak Dr. G.K. Pandey Dr Nimish Shah

(Member) (Member) (Member)

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~ Dr. Sudeep Kumar

(Member)

Dr. Vijay Kulkarni

(Member)

Direct~ (TF Chairman)

(Member)

Director, CSIR-NPL (TF Chairman)

(Member)

Shri Ajit Singh

(Member)

Director, CSIR-NEERI {TF Chairman)

(Member)

Director, CSIR-NEIST (TF Chairman)

(Member)

v·tz.~VSI~ Dr. V Rajagopalan

(Chairman)

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